CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-37FV-CFW9-W5R9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30A improper access control vulnerability in Fortinet FortiAuthenticator 8.0.2, FortiAuthenticator 8.0.0, FortiAuthenticator 6.6.0 through 6.6.8, FortiAuthenticator 6.5.0 through 6.5.6 may allow attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44277"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:17:30Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A improper access control vulnerability in Fortinet FortiAuthenticator 8.0.2, FortiAuthenticator 8.0.0, FortiAuthenticator 6.6.0 through 6.6.8, FortiAuthenticator 6.5.0 through 6.5.6 may allow attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via \u003cinsert attack vector here\u003e",
"id": "GHSA-37fv-cfw9-w5r9",
"modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-128"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-37HJ-44GJ-W9GC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-24 15:32In versions <8.4.0, <8.3.2, <8.2.2, <8.1.3, <8.0.4, <7.13.6, <7.12.7, <7.11.7, and <7.10.10, the endpoints /api/apps/logs and /api/apps/:id/logs have a typo in the required permission check, allowing authenticated users without the proper permissions to read apps-engine logs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-29197"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-24T00:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In versions \u003c8.4.0, \u003c8.3.2, \u003c8.2.2, \u003c8.1.3, \u003c8.0.4, \u003c7.13.6, \u003c7.12.7, \u003c7.11.7, and \u003c7.10.10, the endpoints /api/apps/logs and /api/apps/:id/logs have a typo in the required permission check, allowing authenticated users without the proper permissions to read apps-engine logs.",
"id": "GHSA-37hj-44gj-w9gc",
"modified": "2026-04-24T15:32:32Z",
"published": "2026-04-24T00:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RocketChat/Rocket.Chat/pull/40125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3589551"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-37M7-XG97-7H4C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-23 15:30 – Updated: 2024-05-23 15:30Improper access control vulnerability in Prodys' Quantum Audio codec affecting versions 2.3.4t and below. This vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated user to bypass authentication entirely and execute arbitrary API requests against the web application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5168"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-23T13:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper access control vulnerability in Prodys\u0027 Quantum Audio codec affecting versions 2.3.4t and below. This vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated user to bypass authentication entirely and execute arbitrary API requests against the web application.",
"id": "GHSA-37m7-xg97-7h4c",
"modified": "2024-05-23T15:30:39Z",
"published": "2024-05-23T15:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/improper-access-control-vulnerability-prodys-quantum-audio-codec"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-37P6-2H72-M598
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-21 03:36 – Updated: 2024-08-03 21:30Incorrect access control in Customer Support System v1 allows non-administrator users to access administrative pages and execute actions reserved for administrators.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49978"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-21T02:49:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Incorrect access control in Customer Support System v1 allows non-administrator users to access administrative pages and execute actions reserved for administrators.",
"id": "GHSA-37p6-2h72-m598",
"modified": "2024-08-03T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2024-03-21T03:36:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/geraldoalcantara/CVE-2023-49978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com/php/14587/customer-support-system-using-phpmysqli-source-code.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-37VQ-CW33-2VQG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the Oracle Advanced Outbound Telephony product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Advanced Outbound Telephony. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Advanced Outbound Telephony accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Advanced Outbound Telephony accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46949"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:54:14Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Advanced Outbound Telephony product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Advanced Outbound Telephony. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Advanced Outbound Telephony accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Advanced Outbound Telephony accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-37vq-cw33-2vqg",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:39Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-37W2-86G3-H4QH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-07 18:30Gitea versions before 1.25.5 have insufficient visibility checks in organization permission APIs for hidden members and private organizations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25712"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-03T21:16:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Gitea versions before 1.25.5 have insufficient visibility checks in organization permission APIs for hidden members and private organizations.",
"id": "GHSA-37w2-86g3-h4qh",
"modified": "2026-07-07T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-07-03T21:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.25.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-37X6-PHQ8-3RMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:08 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:08Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass intended restrictions on JavaScript API execution via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3060, CVE-2015-3061, CVE-2015-3063, CVE-2015-3064, CVE-2015-3065, CVE-2015-3066, CVE-2015-3067, CVE-2015-3068, CVE-2015-3069, CVE-2015-3071, CVE-2015-3072, CVE-2015-3073, and CVE-2015-3074.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-3062"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-05-13T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass intended restrictions on JavaScript API execution via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3060, CVE-2015-3061, CVE-2015-3063, CVE-2015-3064, CVE-2015-3065, CVE-2015-3066, CVE-2015-3067, CVE-2015-3068, CVE-2015-3069, CVE-2015-3071, CVE-2015-3072, CVE-2015-3073, and CVE-2015-3074.",
"id": "GHSA-37x6-phq8-3rmq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:08:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:08:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/reader/apsb15-10.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/74604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-15-207"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-382C-VX95-W3P5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 13:44 – Updated: 2026-07-09 13:44Summary
GET /v1/contributors/:login/profile and the gittensory_get_contributor_profile MCP tool skip the contributor-scoped access check that every sibling endpoint enforces. Any authenticated session/API/MCP token holder can read any contributor's profile; for confirmed Gittensor miners that exposes alphaPerDay, taoPerDay, usdPerDay (and the hotkey on the REST path). Authenticated cross-contributor disclosure, CWE-284 / IDOR.
Details
In src/api/routes.ts the profile handler returns buildContributorProfile(...) with no requireContributorAccess call. Every sibling (/decision-pack, /repos/:owner/:repo/decision, etc.) gates and 403s on a cross-contributor request — the profile route is the only omission. buildContributorProfile (src/signals/engine.ts) embeds hotkey and the three *PerDay fields for any confirmed miner.
The MCP tool getContributorProfile (src/mcp/server.ts) also omits requireContributorAccess. Its redactSensitiveForMcp filter only strips keys matching hotkey|coldkey|wallet|private_key|privateKey|mnemonic, so the hotkey is dropped but alphaPerDay/taoPerDay/usdPerDay pass through.
The codebase treats these as secret everywhere else — decision-pack.ts destructures the hotkey out before serving, and three sanitizers scrub hotkey/wallet from AI/comment output — which is why this is an oversight, not by-design.
Exposure: REST → hotkey + 3 financial fields; MCP → 3 financial fields (hotkey redacted).
PoC
- Get any valid session/API/MCP token.
- Pick a target
loginthat is a confirmed miner. GET /v1/contributors/{target}/profile→ 200 withgittensor.hotkey,alphaPerDay,taoPerDay,usdPerDay.GET /v1/contributors/{target}/decision-pack(same token) → 403, proving the missing gate.- MCP
gittensory_get_contributor_profilewith{target}→ result includes the three*PerDayfields.
Impact
Any token holder can enumerate other miners' daily TAO/alpha/USD revenue (plus hotkey via REST) without authorization. All miners with snapshot data are affected.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@jsonbored/gittensory-mcp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-09T13:44:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n \n`GET /v1/contributors/:login/profile` and the `gittensory_get_contributor_profile` MCP tool skip the contributor-scoped access check that every sibling endpoint enforces. Any authenticated session/API/MCP token holder can read any contributor\u0027s profile; for confirmed Gittensor miners that exposes `alphaPerDay`, `taoPerDay`, `usdPerDay` (and the `hotkey` on the REST path). Authenticated cross-contributor disclosure, CWE-284 / IDOR.\n \n### Details\n \nIn `src/api/routes.ts` the profile handler returns `buildContributorProfile(...)` with no `requireContributorAccess` call. Every sibling (`/decision-pack`, `/repos/:owner/:repo/decision`, etc.) gates and 403s on a cross-contributor request \u2014 the profile route is the only omission. `buildContributorProfile` (`src/signals/engine.ts`) embeds `hotkey` and the three `*PerDay` fields for any confirmed miner.\n \nThe MCP tool `getContributorProfile` (`src/mcp/server.ts`) also omits `requireContributorAccess`. Its `redactSensitiveForMcp` filter only strips keys matching `hotkey|coldkey|wallet|private_key|privateKey|mnemonic`, so the hotkey is dropped but `alphaPerDay`/`taoPerDay`/`usdPerDay` pass through.\n \nThe codebase treats these as secret everywhere else \u2014 `decision-pack.ts` destructures the hotkey out before serving, and three sanitizers scrub hotkey/wallet from AI/comment output \u2014 which is why this is an oversight, not by-design.\n \nExposure: REST \u2192 hotkey + 3 financial fields; MCP \u2192 3 financial fields (hotkey redacted).\n \n### PoC\n \n1. Get any valid session/API/MCP token.\n2. Pick a target `login` that is a confirmed miner.\n3. `GET /v1/contributors/{target}/profile` \u2192 200 with `gittensor.hotkey`, `alphaPerDay`, `taoPerDay`, `usdPerDay`.\n4. `GET /v1/contributors/{target}/decision-pack` (same token) \u2192 403, proving the missing gate.\n5. MCP `gittensory_get_contributor_profile` with `{target}` \u2192 result includes the three `*PerDay` fields.\n### Impact\n \nAny token holder can enumerate other miners\u0027 daily TAO/alpha/USD revenue (plus hotkey via REST) without authorization. All miners with snapshot data are affected.",
"id": "GHSA-382c-vx95-w3p5",
"modified": "2026-07-09T13:44:51Z",
"published": "2026-07-09T13:44:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/security/advisories/GHSA-382c-vx95-w3p5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory/commit/811ef5fb9d748170011f8854d88c64627ad666a0"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/JSONbored/gittensory"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Gittensory: Missing contributor-scoped access control on profile endpoint and MCP tool leaks miner financial data"
}
GHSA-3867-JC5C-66QF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-17 20:29 – Updated: 2024-01-17 20:29Impact
In the Shopware CMS, the state handler for orders fails to sufficiently verify user authorizations for actions that modify the payment, delivery, and/or order status. Due to this inadequate implementation, users lacking 'write' permissions for orders are still able to change the order state.
Patches
Update to Shopware 6.5.7.4
Workarounds
For older versions of 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 corresponding security measures are also available via a plugin. For the full range of functions, we recommend updating to the latest Shopware version.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.7.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "shopware/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.5.7.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.7.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "shopware/platform"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.5.7.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-17T20:29:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-16T23:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nIn the Shopware CMS, the state handler for orders fails to sufficiently verify user authorizations for actions that modify the payment, delivery, and/or order status. Due to this inadequate implementation, users lacking \u0027write\u0027 permissions for orders are still able to change the order state.\n\n### Patches\nUpdate to Shopware 6.5.7.4\n\n### Workarounds\nFor older versions of 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 corresponding security measures are also available via a plugin. For the full range of functions, we recommend updating to the latest Shopware version.",
"id": "GHSA-3867-jc5c-66qf",
"modified": "2024-01-17T20:29:33Z",
"published": "2024-01-17T20:29:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/security/advisories/GHSA-3867-jc5c-66qf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/core/commit/78142489264f9262eaaa436ba036df40026a06be"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/commit/fb25e24ca51650009ffa2520f1e67b48b911354a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Broken Access Control order API in Shopware"
}
GHSA-387F-57GP-5R29
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:00 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:00Vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Core Banking component of Oracle Financial Services Applications (subcomponent: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 5.1.0, 5.2.0 and 11.5.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle FLEXCUBE Core Banking. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle FLEXCUBE Core Banking accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle FLEXCUBE Core Banking accessible data. CVSS v3.0 Base Score 5.4 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8323"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-27T22:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Core Banking component of Oracle Financial Services Applications (subcomponent: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 5.1.0, 5.2.0 and 11.5.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle FLEXCUBE Core Banking. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle FLEXCUBE Core Banking accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle FLEXCUBE Core Banking accessible data. CVSS v3.0 Base Score 5.4 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).",
"id": "GHSA-387f-57gp-5r29",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2017-2881727.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95556"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037636"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.