CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-38GV-G72V-RP63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:55 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:31SELinux policycoreutils allows local users to execute arbitrary commands outside of the sandbox via a crafted TIOCSTI ioctl call.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-7545"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-19T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SELinux policycoreutils allows local users to execute arbitrary commands outside of the sandbox via a crafted TIOCSTI ioctl call.",
"id": "GHSA-38gv-g72v-rp63",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:31:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:55:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SELinuxProject/selinux/commit/acca96a135a4d2a028ba9b636886af99c0915379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UPRNK3PWMAVNJZ53YW5GOEOGJSFNAQIF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UPRNK3PWMAVNJZ53YW5GOEOGJSFNAQIF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://marc.info/?l=selinux\u0026m=147465160112766\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2702.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017-0535.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017-0536.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/09/25/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037283"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-38GW-6G45-69P7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:04 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:04GTK+ 3.10.9 and earlier, as used in cinnamon-screensaver, gnome-screensaver, and other applications, allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the lock screen by pressing the menu button.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-1949"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-01-16T16:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GTK+ 3.10.9 and earlier, as used in cinnamon-screensaver, gnome-screensaver, and other applications, allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the lock screen by pressing the menu button.",
"id": "GHSA-38gw-6g45-69p7",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:04:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:04:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-1949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/linuxmint/cinnamon-screensaver/issues/44"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=759145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1064695"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://advisories.mageia.org/MGASA-2014-0374.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q1/327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q1/331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2015:162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2475-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-38J8-HQ5R-G743
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-31 00:30 – Updated: 2025-10-31 00:30A vulnerability in the Mount service of Veeam Backup & Replication, which allows for remote code execution (RCE) on the Backup infrastructure hosts by an authenticated domain user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-31T00:15:36Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Mount service of Veeam Backup \u0026 Replication, which allows for remote code execution (RCE) on the Backup infrastructure hosts by an authenticated domain user.",
"id": "GHSA-38j8-hq5r-g743",
"modified": "2025-10-31T00:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-10-31T00:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.veeam.com/kb4771"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-38MF-9PQ4-P59Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Improper access control in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58545"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:18:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.",
"id": "GHSA-38mf-9pq4-p59q",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:41Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-58545"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-38PJ-JV2X-MGCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-04 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-04 03:31The Execute Command node in n8n allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands on the host system where n8n runs. Attackers with user access or compromised credentials can exploit this node to run malicious commands, potentially leading to data exfiltration, service disruption, or complete system compromise.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-71380"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-04T02:16:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Execute Command node in n8n allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands on the host system where n8n runs. Attackers with user access or compromised credentials can exploit this node to run malicious commands, potentially leading to data exfiltration, service disruption, or complete system compromise.",
"id": "GHSA-38pj-jv2x-mgcw",
"modified": "2026-07-04T03:31:02Z",
"published": "2026-07-04T03:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-365g-vjw2-grx8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-arbitrary-command-execution-via-execute-command-node"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-38PP-6GCP-RQVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-01 18:59 – Updated: 2026-07-02 20:21Impact
CiliumNetworkPolicys which use egress.toGroups.aws.securityGroupsIds to reference AWS security group IDs that do not exist or are not attached to any network interface may unintentionally allow broader outbound access than intended by the policy authors. In such cases, the toCIDRset section of the derived policy is not generated, which means outbound traffic may be permitted to more destinations than originally intended.
Patches
This issue has been patched in:
- Cilium v1.18.4
- Cilium v1.17.10
- Cilium v1.16.17
This issue affects:
- Cilium v1.18 between v1.18.0 and v1.18.3 inclusive
- Cilium v1.17 between v1.17.0 and v1.17.9 inclusive
- Cilium v1.16.16 and below
Workarounds
There is no workaround to this issue.
Acknowledgements
The Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to @SeanEmac for reporting this issue and to @fristonio for the patch.
For more information
If you think you have found a vulnerability affecting Cilium, we strongly encourage you to report it to our security mailing list at security@cilium.io. This is a private mailing list for the Cilium security team, and your report will be treated as top priority.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.18.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.18.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.17.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.17.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.16.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64715"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-01T18:59:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-29T01:16:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\n`CiliumNetworkPolicy`s which use `egress.toGroups.aws.securityGroupsIds` to reference AWS security group IDs that do not exist or are not attached to any network interface may unintentionally allow broader outbound access than intended by the policy authors. In such cases, the toCIDRset section of the derived policy is not generated, which means outbound traffic may be permitted to more destinations than originally intended.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue has been patched in:\n\n* Cilium v1.18.4\n* Cilium v1.17.10\n* Cilium v1.16.17\n\n### This issue affects:\n\n- Cilium v1.18 between v1.18.0 and v1.18.3 inclusive\n- Cilium v1.17 between v1.17.0 and v1.17.9 inclusive\n- Cilium v1.16.16 and below\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround to this issue.\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nThe Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to @SeanEmac for reporting this issue and to @fristonio for the patch.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you think you have found a vulnerability affecting Cilium, we strongly encourage you to report it to our security mailing list at [security@cilium.io](mailto:security@cilium.io). This is a private mailing list for the Cilium security team, and your report will be treated as top priority.",
"id": "GHSA-38pp-6gcp-rqvm",
"modified": "2026-07-02T20:21:05Z",
"published": "2025-12-01T18:59:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/security/advisories/GHSA-38pp-6gcp-rqvm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64715"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/commit/a385856b59c8289cc7273fa3a3062bbf0ef96c97"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.16.17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.17.10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.18.4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cilium with misconfigured toGroups in policies can lead to unrestricted egress traffic"
}
GHSA-38QG-7H9Q-7H29
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-31 12:30 – Updated: 2025-11-05 00:31When passing through PCI devices, the detach logic in libxl won't remove access permissions to any 64bit memory BARs the device might have. As a result a domain can still have access any 64bit memory BAR when such device is no longer assigned to the domain.
For PV domains the permission leak allows the domain itself to map the memory in the page-tables. For HVM it would require a compromised device model or stubdomain to map the leaked memory into the HVM domain p2m.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58149"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-672"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-31T12:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When passing through PCI devices, the detach logic in libxl won\u0027t remove\naccess permissions to any 64bit memory BARs the device might have. As a\nresult a domain can still have access any 64bit memory BAR when such\ndevice is no longer assigned to the domain.\n\nFor PV domains the permission leak allows the domain itself to map the memory\nin the page-tables. For HVM it would require a compromised device model or\nstubdomain to map the leaked memory into the HVM domain p2m.",
"id": "GHSA-38qg-7h9q-7h29",
"modified": "2025-11-05T00:31:32Z",
"published": "2025-10-31T12:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://xenbits.xenproject.org/xsa/advisory-476.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/24/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/advisory-476.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-38RR-JCX6-PRMH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33This issue was addressed by restricting options offered on a locked device. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, iOS 18.4 and iPadOS 18.4, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An attacker with physical access may be able to use Siri to access sensitive user data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24198"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-31T23:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed by restricting options offered on a locked device. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, iOS 18.4 and iPadOS 18.4, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An attacker with physical access may be able to use Siri to access sensitive user data.",
"id": "GHSA-38rr-jcx6-prmh",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:19Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T00:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24198"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-38XG-3FFM-68P7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-14 00:32 – Updated: 2026-02-17 18:32LavaLite CMS 10.1.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. An authenticated user with low-level privileges (User role) can directly access the admin backend by logging in through /admin/login. The vulnerability exists because the admin and user authentication guards share the same user provider without role-based access control verification.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-70866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-13T22:16:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "LavaLite CMS 10.1.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. An authenticated user with low-level privileges (User role) can directly access the admin backend by logging in through /admin/login. The vulnerability exists because the admin and user authentication guards share the same user provider without role-based access control verification.",
"id": "GHSA-38xg-3ffm-68p7",
"modified": "2026-02-17T18:32:55Z",
"published": "2026-02-14T00:32:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-70866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/gkjzjh146/6d541c80b0666a596581ccd85bd10058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LavaLite/cms/releases/tag/v10.1.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-393C-P46R-7C95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-04 06:06 – Updated: 2026-04-09 19:05Summary
A broken access control vulnerability was identified in the Directus file management API that allows authenticated users to overwrite files belonging to other users by manipulating the filename_disk parameter.
Details
The PATCH /files/{id} endpoint accepts a user-controlled filename_disk parameter. By setting this value to match the storage path of another user's file, an attacker can overwrite that file's content while manipulating metadata fields such as uploaded_by to obscure the tampering.
Impact
- Unauthorized File Overwrite: Attackers can replace legitimate files with malicious content, creating significant risk of malware propagation and data corruption.
- Remote Code Execution: If the storage backend is shared with the extensions location, attackers can deploy malicious extensions that execute arbitrary code when loaded.
- Data Integrity Compromise: Files can be tampered with or replaced without visible indication in the application interface.
Mitigation
The filename_disk parameter should be treated as a server-controlled value. Uniqueness of storage paths must be enforced server-side, and filename_disk should be excluded from the fields users are permitted to update directly.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "directus"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.17.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39942"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-639",
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-04T06:06:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T17:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nA broken access control vulnerability was identified in the Directus file management API that allows authenticated users to overwrite files belonging to other users by manipulating the `filename_disk` parameter.\n\n## Details\n\nThe `PATCH /files/{id}` endpoint accepts a user-controlled `filename_disk` parameter. By setting this value to match the storage path of another user\u0027s file, an attacker can overwrite that file\u0027s content while manipulating metadata fields such as `uploaded_by` to obscure the tampering.\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Unauthorized File Overwrite**: Attackers can replace legitimate files with malicious content, creating significant risk of malware propagation and data corruption.\n- **Remote Code Execution**: If the storage backend is shared with the extensions location, attackers can deploy malicious extensions that execute arbitrary code when loaded.\n- **Data Integrity Compromise**: Files can be tampered with or replaced without visible indication in the application interface.\n\n## Mitigation\n\nThe `filename_disk` parameter should be treated as a server-controlled value. Uniqueness of storage paths must be enforced server-side, and `filename_disk` should be excluded from the fields users are permitted to update directly.",
"id": "GHSA-393c-p46r-7c95",
"modified": "2026-04-09T19:05:27Z",
"published": "2026-04-04T06:06:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/security/advisories/GHSA-393c-p46r-7c95"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39942"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/releases/tag/v11.17.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Directus: Path Traversal and Broken Access Control in File Management API"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.