Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1333
AllowedInefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
811 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-87819 (GCVE-0-2026-87819)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 11:21 – Updated: 2026-09-09 11:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GitPython before 3.1.60 Denial of Service via ReDoS
Summary
GitPython before 3.1.60 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Actor.name_email_regex that processes commit author and committer fields. Attackers can craft a commit object with a malformed author field containing an unterminated angle bracket to cause quadratic backtracking, exhausting CPU resources for over two minutes per commit access.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gitpython-be… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gitpython-developers | GitPython |
Affected:
0 , < 3.1.60
(semver)
Unaffected: 3.1.60 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:gitpython_project:gitpython:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-26 00:00
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CVE-2026-86081 (GCVE-0-2026-86081)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 21:24 – Updated: 2026-09-09 13:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n: Regular Expression Denial of Service in the Default Blocked-File-Pattern Match via a Git Node Clone Path
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.76, 2.37.7, and 2.38.2, the Git node clone operation matched an attacker-controlled destination path against the default N8N_BLOCK_FILE_PATTERNS regular expression. The pattern ^(./).git(/.)$ allowed catastrophic backtracking and ran synchronously in the main n8n process. An authenticated workflow editor could therefore freeze the instance with one workflow execution; the affected default is declared in packages/@n8n/config/src/configs/security.config.ts. This issue is fixed in versions 1.123.76, 2.37.7 and 2.38.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 13:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.76 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.37.7 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.38.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-85062 (GCVE-0-2026-85062)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-03 20:30 – Updated: 2026-09-09 17:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Colord: Slow rejection of oversized malformed color strings
Summary
Colord is a tiny yet powerful tool for high-performance color manipulations and conversions. Prior to 2.9.4, synchronous CSS color string matchers in src/colorModels/rgbString.ts, src/colorModels/hslString.ts, src/colorModels/hwbString.ts, src/colorModels/lchString.ts, and src/colorModels/cmykString.ts use the ambiguous numeric regular expression ([+-]?\d*.?\d+), allowing the same digits to be divided between overlapping quantifiers in quadratically many ways when malformed input is rejected. An attacker who can supply an unbounded color string to colord(), getFormat(), isEqual(), mix(), or contrast(), including through a request body, JSON field, or uploaded stylesheet, can block the processing thread with a multi-kilobyte payload. The affected matchers are parseRgbaString, parseHslaString, parseHwbaString, parseLchaString, and parseCmykaString. This issue is fixed in version 2.9.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 17:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/omgovich/colord/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omgovich/colord/pull/141 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/omgovich/colord/commit/8701808… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-83619 (GCVE-0-2026-83619)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:51 – Updated: 2026-09-01 18:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xmldom: End-tag Whitespace-Trim Regex ReDoS — quadratic backtracking in the 0.8.x end-tag parser
Summary
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.7.0 until 0.8.15, the release-0.8.x parser in lib/sax.js trims captured end-tag names with the unanchored global expression /[ \t\n\r]+$/g. For an end tag containing a long whitespace run followed by a non-whitespace character, the expression retries from each possible starting position and backtracks quadratically before failing its end anchor. DOMParser.parseFromString() reaches the path under default options, allowing a small unauthenticated XML input to stall the Node.js event loop; the 0.9.x and unscoped npm lines do not contain this expression. This issue is fixed in @xmldom/xmldom version 0.8.15.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 17:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/pull/1072 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/commit/3abb0934f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/releases/tag/0.8.15 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-83606 (GCVE-0-2026-83606)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:21 – Updated: 2026-09-01 14:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xmldom PI grammar regex ReDoS: quadratic backtracking on unterminated processing instructions
Summary
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.9.0-beta.9 until 0.9.11, the processing-instruction production in lib/grammar.js lets the greedy S+ separator and lazy Char*? data group repeatedly repartition a long whitespace tail when the required closing ?> is absent. Both parsePI and parseProcessingInstruction apply the expression to the entire remaining source, causing quadratic backtracking during DOMParser.parseFromString() under default options and allowing a small unauthenticated XML input to stall the Node.js event loop. This issue is fixed in @xmldom/xmldom version 0.9.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 14:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/pull/1039 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/commit/73df6b8bd… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/releases/tag/0.9.11 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-80206 (GCVE-0-2026-80206)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 10:28 – Updated: 2026-08-26 12:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NLTK 3.10.2 Regular Expression Denial of Service via tgrep
Summary
NLTK before 3.10.3 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the tgrep module. The _tgrep_node_action function compiles user-supplied regular expressions embedded in /regex/ pattern nodes and executes them via re.search against tree node labels without any validation or timeout. An attacker who controls the tgrep pattern (e.g., via tgrep_positions() or tgrep_compile() exposed to external input) can supply a pattern that triggers catastrophic backtracking, causing indefinite CPU saturation that blocks the Python process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 12:52 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-3.10.2-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-80205 (GCVE-0-2026-80205)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 10:28 – Updated: 2026-09-01 22:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NLTK before 3.10.0 ReDoS via Text.findall() unvalidated regex
Summary
NLTK versions before 3.10.0 contain a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Text.findall() and TokenSearcher.findall() methods that accept user-supplied regular expressions without validation or timeout. Attackers can supply crafted regex patterns that cause catastrophic backtracking, resulting in indefinite CPU saturation and denial of service to all users of the Python process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 15:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-… | third-party-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/01/3 |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-79770 (GCVE-0-2026-79770)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 15:16 – Updated: 2026-08-25 16:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nokogiri before 1.19.3 ReDoS via CSS selector tokenizer
Summary
Nokogiri versions before 1.19.3 contain regular expression denial of service vulnerabilities in the CSS selector tokenizer affecting string-literal and identifier tokenization. Attackers can inject adversarial CSS selectors into methods like Node#css, Node#at_css, and Searchable#search to cause exponential regex backtracking and denial of service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 16:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/securit… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-bef… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sparklemotion | nokogiri |
Affected:
0 , < 1.19.3
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.19.3 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:nokogiri:nokogiri:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-04-27 00:00
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CVE-2026-77082 (GCVE-0-2026-77082)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 11:21 – Updated: 2026-08-21 16:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n before 1.123.69 ReDoS via Filter and Switch Node
Summary
n8n before 1.123.69, 2.x before 2.33.4, and 2.34.x before 2.34.1 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the Filter and Switch nodes, which compile user-supplied regex patterns with new RegExp() and execute them synchronously on the worker thread without complexity validation or execution timeout. A crafted regex pattern can block the worker for an extended period per data item processed, delaying other workflow executions on the same worker.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 16:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-r… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-75880 (GCVE-0-2026-75880)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 04:36 – Updated: 2026-09-10 17:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Artemis, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis: Message selector wildcard handling could lead to denial of service
Summary
An authenticated client could attach a consumer with a selector containing crafted wildcard usage that results in excessive evaluation during message delivery attempts, occupying a shared broker thread and leading to denial of service.
This issue affects Apache Artemis: from 2.50.0 through 2.56.0; Apache ActiveMQ Artemis: from 1.0.0 through 2.44.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.57.0, which fixes this issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 17:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient regular expression complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Artemis |
Affected:
2.50.0 , ≤ 2.56.0
(semver)
|
|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache ActiveMQ Artemis |
Affected:
1.0.0 , ≤ 2.44.0
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation
Implementation
Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.