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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1333

Allowed

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

812 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-59922 (GCVE-0-2026-59922)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 16:12 – Updated: 2026-07-09 14:40
VLAI
Title
Mistune plugins/formatting: quadratic-time parsing on long runs of `~~x~~`, `==x==`, and `^^x^^` markers (strikethrough / mark / insert)
Summary
Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, a run of closed tilde, equals-sign, or caret marker pairs around a character causes quadratic work in src/mistune/plugins/formatting.py when the strikethrough, mark, or insert plugin scans for matching markers from each possible start position, allowing denial of service through CPU exhaustion. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 14:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lepture mistune Affected: < 3.3.0
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CVE-2026-59893 (GCVE-0-2026-59893)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 17:41 – Updated: 2026-08-17 18:54
VLAI
Title
sqlparse: Inefficient Regex Handling of Dollar-Quoted SQL Literals Leads to ReDoS (Denial of Service)
Summary
sqlparse is a non-validating SQL parser module for Python. Prior to 0.6.0, SQL_REGEX in sqlparse/keywords.py and the per-position loop in sqlparse/lexer.py repeatedly scan unmatched dollar-quoted literal and multiline-comment delimiters, causing quadratic CPU consumption through sqlparse.parse(), sqlparse.format(), and sqlparse.split(). This issue is fixed in version 0.6.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 18:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
andialbrecht sqlparse Affected: < 0.6.0
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CVE-2026-59220 (GCVE-0-2026-59220)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 16:09 – Updated: 2026-07-09 18:45
VLAI
Title
Open WebUI: ReDoS in skill-mention regexes causes whole-instance DoS on default config
Summary
Open WebUI is an extensible, feature-rich, and user-friendly self-hosted AI platform. From 0.9.2 before 0.10.0, the SKILL_MENTION_RE and strip_re regular expressions in backend/open_webui/utils/middleware.py parsed <$skillId|label> skill mentions with overlapping quantifiers, allowing an authenticated chat message containing <$ without a closing > to trigger quadratic backtracking and block the asyncio event loop. This issue is fixed in version 0.10.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 18:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
open-webui open-webui Affected: >= 0.9.2, < 0.10.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-58578 (GCVE-0-2026-58578)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 19:38 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:03 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
LobeChat < 2.2.10-canary.15 - Regular Expression Denial of Service in GitHub Skill Import
Summary
LobeChat before version 2.2.10-canary.15 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to block the Node.js event loop by supplying a catastrophic-backtracking pattern in a GitHub repository URL path during skill import. Attackers can craft a malicious basePath value containing unescaped regex metacharacters such as catastrophic-backtracking patterns, which are injected into a dynamically constructed regular expression in the findSkillMd function and executed synchronously against archive entries, denying service to all concurrent users for tens of seconds per request.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 19:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lobehub lobehub Affected: 0 , < 2.2.10-canary.15 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:lobehub:lobehub:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-01 00:00
Credits
George Chen
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-58436 (GCVE-0-2026-58436)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 16:44 – Updated: 2026-08-14 17:14
VLAI
Title
ParseAcceptLanguage quadratic-time DoS via Locale middleware on unauthenticated requests
Summary
ParseAcceptLanguage quadratic-time DoS via Locale middleware on unauthenticated requests
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 17:14 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Gitea Gitea Open Source Git Server Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.26.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
tonghuaroot
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57584 (GCVE-0-2026-57584)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 21:04 – Updated: 2026-07-13 18:04
VLAI
Title
Phalcon: Catastrophic backtracking (ReDoS) in the default Phalcon Router route lead to remote unauthenticated DoS
Summary
Phalcon is a high-performance, full-stack PHP framework. Prior to 5.15.0, every Phalcon MVC application built with a default router registers a built-in route whose compiled PCRE pattern contains the nested quantifier (/.), and the same construct is produced by the /:params placeholder and the CLI router. Phalcon\Mvc\Router::handle() matches this pattern against the attacker-controlled request URI on every request, so a crafted path such as one containing repeated slashes followed by decoded newlines can trigger catastrophic backtracking and cause CPU exhaustion or route-matching failure. This issue is fixed in version 5.15.0.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 18:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
phalcon cphalcon Affected: < 5.15.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57577 (GCVE-0-2026-57577)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 17:37 – Updated: 2026-09-14 17:54
VLAI
Title
DotVVM: ReDOS in routing
Summary
DotVVM is an open source MVVM framework for web applications. Prior to 4.2.11, 4.3.15, and 5.0.0-preview09-final, a route containing multiple unconstrained parameters in one path segment can cause excessive regular-expression backtracking in DotvvmRoute.IsMatch when a remote requester supplies a long near-match path. DotvvmRouteParser.RouteRegex previously had no matching timeout. Patched runtimes retry with the .NET non-backtracking engine, while runtimes that do not support non-backtracking matching return HTTP 503 after the one-second timeout in DotvvmRoutingMiddleware. This issue is fixed in versions 4.2.11, 4.3.15, and 5.0.0-preview09-final.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 17:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
riganti dotvvm Affected: < 4.2.11
Affected: >= 4.3.0, < 4.3.15
Affected: >= 5.0.0-preview01, < 5.0.0-preview09-final
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55574 (GCVE-0-2026-55574)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 20:05 – Updated: 2026-07-06 20:52
VLAI
Title
vLLM: ReDoS via structured_outputs.regex compiled without timeout in xgrammar and outlines backends
Summary
vLLM is a high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. Prior to 0.24.0, the structured_outputs.regex API parameter passes a user-supplied regular expression string directly to the grammar compiler backends with no compilation timeout; in the xgrammar backend the string reaches the regex compiler with no guard, and in the outlines backend the validation step blocks structural issues such as lookarounds and backreferences but performs no complexity analysis, so a pattern with nested quantifiers passes all checks and causes exponential state-space expansion, allowing a single request containing an adversarial regex to hang an inference worker indefinitely and deny service. This issue is fixed in version 0.24.0.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 20:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vllm-project vllm Affected: < 0.24.0
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CVE-2026-55520 (GCVE-0-2026-55520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 18:42 – Updated: 2026-08-31 18:54
VLAI
Title
Protego: Exponential backtracking ReDoS in robots.txt URL wildcard matching
Summary
Protego is a pure-Python robots.txt parser with support for modern conventions. Prior to 0.6.2, protego._urlpattern._URLPattern._prepare_pattern_for_regex translates every asterisk in an Allow or Disallow directive into a lazy regular-expression wildcard, so a directive containing many asterisks creates exponential backtracking. After protego.Protego.parse processes a crafted robots.txt file, protego.Protego.can_fetch can spend an attacker-controlled period matching a near-miss URL and deny service to the crawler. The vulnerable path is src/protego/_urlpattern.py in the _URLPattern match logic. This issue is fixed in version 0.6.2.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 15:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
scrapy protego Affected: < 0.6.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-55470 (GCVE-0-2026-55470)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 21:27 – Updated: 2026-07-09 12:59
VLAI
Title
HAPI FHIR: DSTU2 FHIRPathEngine.matches() missing RegexTimeout protection allows ReDoS
Summary
HAPI FHIR is a complete implementation of the HL7 FHIR standard for healthcare interoperability in Java. Prior to 6.9.10, the fix for CVE-2026-45367 incompletely patched the DSTU2 module, leaving FHIRPathEngine.matches() in org.hl7.fhir.dstu2/utils/FHIRPathEngine.java to call raw String.matches(sw) without RegexTimeout protection while replaceMatches() was updated, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to trigger catastrophic regex backtracking and exhaust server CPU. This issue is fixed in version 6.9.10.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 12:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hapifhir org.hl7.fhir.core Affected: < 6.9.10
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.

Mitigation
Implementation

Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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