Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

11273 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-32076 (GCVE-0-2026-32076)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 16:58 – Updated: 2026-06-19 16:08
VLAI
Title
Windows Storage Spaces Controller Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Storage Spaces Controller allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6936 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6936 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8246 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8246 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.1836 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2274 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32690 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32690 (custom)
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Date Public
2026-04-14 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31967 (GCVE-0-2026-31967)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-18 19:15 – Updated: 2026-03-18 19:58
VLAI
Title
HTSlib CRAM reader has out-of-bounds read due to improper validation of input
Summary
HTSlib is a library for reading and writing bioinformatics file formats. CRAM is a compressed format which stores DNA sequence alignment data. In the `cram_decode_slice()` function called while reading CRAM records, the value of the mate reference id field was not validated. Later use of this value, for example when converting the data to SAM format, could result in the out of bounds array reads when looking up the corresponding reference name. If the array value obtained also happened to be a valid pointer, it would be interpreted as a string and an attempt would be made to write the data as part of the SAM record. This bug may allow information about program state to be leaked. It may also cause a program crash through an attempt to access invalid memory. Versions 1.23.1, 1.22.2 and 1.21.1 include fixes for this issue. There is no workaround for this issue.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
samtools htslib Affected: < 1.21.1
Affected: >= 1.22, < 1.22.2
Affected: = 1.23
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31966 (GCVE-0-2026-31966)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-18 18:58 – Updated: 2026-03-18 19:58
VLAI
Title
HTSlib CRAM reader has out-of-bounds read due to improper validation of input
Summary
HTSlib is a library for reading and writing bioinformatics file formats. CRAM is a compressed format which stores DNA sequence alignment data. As one method of removing redundant data, CRAM uses reference-based compression so that instead of storing the full sequence for each alignment record it stores a location in an external reference sequence along with a list of differences to the reference at that location as a sequence of "features". When decoding CRAM records, the reference data is stored in a char array, and parts matching the alignment record sequence are copied over as necessary. Due to insufficient validation of the feature data series, it was possible to make the `cram_decode_seq()` function copy data from either before the start, or after the end of the stored reference either into the buffer used to store the output sequence for the cram record, or into the buffer used to build the SAM `MD` tag. This allowed arbitrary data to be leaked to the calling function. This bug may allow information about program state to be leaked. It may also cause a program crash through an attempt to access invalid memory. Versions 1.23.1, 1.22.2 and 1.21.1 include fixes for this issue. There is no workaround for this issue.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
samtools htslib Affected: < 1.21.1
Affected: >= 1.22, < 1.22.2
Affected: = 1.23
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31965 (GCVE-0-2026-31965)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-18 18:50 – Updated: 2026-03-19 14:52
VLAI
Title
HTSlib CRAM reader has out-of-bounds reads due to improper validation of input
Summary
HTSlib is a library for reading and writing bioinformatics file formats. CRAM is a compressed format which stores DNA sequence alignment data. In the `cram_decode_slice()` function called while reading CRAM records, validation of the reference id field occurred too late, allowing two out of bounds reads to occur before the invalid data was detected. The bug does allow two values to be leaked to the caller, however as the function reports an error it may be difficult to exploit them. It is also possible that the program will crash due to trying to access invalid memory. Versions 1.23.1, 1.22.2 and 1.21.1 include fixes for this issue. There is no workaround for this issue.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
samtools htslib Affected: < 1.21.1
Affected: >= 1.22, < 1.22.2
Affected: = 1.23
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31962 (GCVE-0-2026-31962)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-18 18:08 – Updated: 2026-03-18 18:37
VLAI
Title
HTSlib CRAM reader has heap buffer overflow due to improper validation of input
Summary
HTSlib is a library for reading and writing bioinformatics file formats. CRAM is a compressed format which stores DNA sequence alignment data. While most alignment records store DNA sequence and quality values, the format also allows them to omit this data in certain cases to save space. Due to some quirks of the CRAM format, it is necessary to handle these records carefully as they will actually store data that needs to be consumed and then discarded. Unfortunately the `cram_decode_seq()` did not handle this correctly in some cases. Where this happened it could result in reading a single byte from beyond the end of a heap allocation, followed by writing a single attacker-controlled byte to the same location. Exploiting this bug causes a heap buffer overflow. If a user opens a file crafted to exploit this issue, it could lead to the program crashing, or overwriting of data and heap structures in ways not expected by the program. It may be possible to use this to obtain arbitrary code execution. Versions 1.23.1, 1.22.2 and 1.21.1 include fixes for this issue. There is no workaround for this issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
  • CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
samtools htslib Affected: < 1.21.1
Affected: >= 1.22, < 1.22.2
Affected: = 1.23
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31897 (GCVE-0-2026-31897)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 17:42 – Updated: 2026-03-13 18:10
VLAI
Title
FreeRDP has an out-of-bounds read in `freerdp_bitmap_decompress_planar`
Summary
FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.24.0, there is an out-of-bounds read in freerdp_bitmap_decompress_planar when SrcSize is 0. The function dereferences *srcp (which points to pSrcData) without first verifying that SrcSize >= 1. When SrcSize is 0 and pSrcData is non-NULL, this reads one byte past the end of the source buffer. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.24.0.
Severity
0 (None)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRDP FreeRDP Affected: < 3.24.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31885 (GCVE-0-2026-31885)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 17:38 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:32
VLAI
Title
FreeRDP has an out-of-bounds read in ADPCM decoders due to missing predictor/step_index bounds checks
Summary
FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.24.0, there is an out-of-bounds read in MS-ADPCM and IMA-ADPCM decoders due to unchecked predictor and step_index values from input data. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.24.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRDP FreeRDP Affected: < 3.24.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        },
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CVE-2026-31797 (GCVE-0-2026-31797)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 18:06 – Updated: 2026-03-10 19:32
VLAI
Title
iccDEV has a heap out-of-bounds read in CTiffImg::ReadLine()
Summary
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. Prior to 2.3.1.5, there is a heap out-of-bounds read in CTiffImg::ReadLine() when iccApplyProfiles processes a crafted TIFF image, causing memory disclosure or crash. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.3.1.5.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31794 (GCVE-0-2026-31794)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 18:02 – Updated: 2026-03-10 19:32
VLAI
Title
iccDEV has a SEGV in CIccCLUT::Interp3d()
Summary
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. Prior to 2.3.1.5, there is a segmentation fault from invalid/wild pointer read in CIccCLUT::Interp3d() causing a denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.3.1.5.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-703 - Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-31793 (GCVE-0-2026-31793)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 18:01 – Updated: 2026-03-10 19:32
VLAI
Title
iccDEV has a SEGV in CIccCalculatorFunc::ApplySequence()
Summary
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. Prior to 2.3.1.5, there is a segmentation fault due to invalid/wild pointer read in CIccCalculatorFunc::ApplySequence() causing denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.3.1.5.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-703 - Improper Check or Handling of Exceptional Conditions
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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