Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-116
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
612 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-12734 (GCVE-0-2025-12734)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-11 07:32 – Updated: 2025-12-16 23:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in GitLab
Summary
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 15.6 before 18.4.6, 18.5 before 18.5.4, and 18.6 before 18.6.2 that could have allowed an authenticated user to, under certain conditions, render content in dialogs to other users by injecting malicious HTML content into merge request titles.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/579573 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3379381 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/12/10/patc… |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2025-12697 (GCVE-0-2025-12697)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 16:06 – Updated: 2026-03-11 17:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in GitLab
Summary
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 15.5 before 18.7.6, 18.8 before 18.8.6, and 18.9 before 18.9.2 that could have allowed an authenticated user with maintainer-role permissions to reveal Datadog API credentials under certain conditions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3341953 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/work_items… | |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/03/11/patc… |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2025-11085 (GCVE-0-2025-11085)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-11 13:35 – Updated: 2025-11-12 20:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FactoryTalk® DataMosaix™ Private Cloud – Persistent XSS
Summary
A security issue exists within DataMosaix™ Private Cloud allowing for Persistent XSS. This vulnerability can result in the execution of malicious JavaScript, allowing for account takeover, credential theft, or redirection to a malicious website.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwell Automation | FactoryTalk® DataMosaix™ Private Cloud |
Affected:
7.11, 8.00
|
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CVE-2025-9127 (GCVE-0-2025-9127)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 17:59 – Updated: 2025-12-04 20:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PX Enterprise Improper Sanitization Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability exists in PX Enterprise whereby sensitive information may be logged under specific conditions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pure Storage | PX Enterprise |
Affected:
3.3.0, 3.3.1, 3.3.1.1, 3.3.1.2
(custom)
Affected: 3.2.0, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3 (custom) Affected: 3.1.1 , ≤ 3.1.8 (custom) Affected: 2.13.12 (custom) |
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CVE-2025-8405 (GCVE-0-2025-8405)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-11 04:05 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in GitLab
Summary
GitLab has remediated a security issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 17.1 before 18.4.6, 18.5 before 18.5.4, and 18.6 before 18.6.2 that could have allowed an authenticated user to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of other users by injecting malicious HTML into vulnerability code flow displays.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/558214 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3270940 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/12/10/patc… |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2025-8276 (GCVE-0-2025-8276)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 14:00 – Updated: 2026-06-05 11:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTML Injection in Patika Global Technologies' HumanSuite
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting'), Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output, Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') vulnerability in Patika Global Technologies HumanSuite allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Phishing.
This issue affects HumanSuite: before 53.21.0.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0257 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patika Global Technologies | HumanSuite |
Affected:
0 , < 53.21.0
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-1308 (GCVE-0-2025-1308)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-19 21:18 – Updated: 2025-05-20 14:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PX Backup Improper Sanitization Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability exists in PX Backup whereby sensitive information may be logged under specific conditions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pure Storage | PX Backup |
Affected:
1.0.0 , ≤ 2.6.0
(custom)
Affected: 2.7.0 , ≤ 2.7.3 (custom) Affected: 2.8.0 , ≤ 2.8.1 (custom) |
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CVE-2025-0607 (GCVE-0-2025-0607)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-06 09:14 – Updated: 2026-06-06 07:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTML Injection in Logo Software's Logo Cloud
Summary
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Logo Software Inc. Logo Cloud allows Phishing.
This issue affects Logo Cloud: before 2.57.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0318 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Logo Software Inc. | Logo Cloud |
Affected:
0 , < 2.57
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-58266 (GCVE-0-2024-58266)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-07-28 15:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The shlex crate before 1.2.1 for Rust allows unquoted and unescaped instances of the { and \xa0 characters, which may facilitate command injection.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
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CVE-2024-56277 (GCVE-0-2024-56277)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-21 13:40 – Updated: 2026-04-29 09:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Poll Maker Plugin < 5.5.5 - HTML Injection vulnerability
Summary
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Ays Pro Poll Maker poll-maker.This issue affects Poll Maker: from n/a through < 5.5.5.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ays Pro | Poll Maker |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.5.5
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:31
Credits
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Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Requirements
Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
Implementation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.