CWE-1021
AllowedImproper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
452 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FW33-W47W-WXM4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-09 09:31 – Updated: 2025-04-09 09:31Improper restriction of rendered UI layers or frames issue exists in Wi-Fi AP UNIT 'AC-WPS-11ac series'. If a user views and clicks on the content on the malicious page while logged in, unintended operations may be performed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25213"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-09T09:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper restriction of rendered UI layers or frames issue exists in Wi-Fi AP UNIT \u0027AC-WPS-11ac series\u0027. If a user views and clicks on the content on the malicious page while logged in, unintended operations may be performed.",
"id": "GHSA-fw33-w47w-wxm4",
"modified": "2025-04-09T09:31:25Z",
"published": "2025-04-09T09:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU93925742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.inaba.co.jp/abaniact/news/security_20250404.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G26H-G3H8-PQ5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:13 – Updated: 2023-05-16 21:30For ABB eSOMS versions 4.0 to 6.0.2, the X-Frame-Options header is not configured in HTTP response. This can potentially allow 'ClickJacking' attacks where an attacker can frame parts of the application on a malicious web site, revealing sensitive user information such as authentication credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-19001"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-02T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "For ABB eSOMS versions 4.0 to 6.0.2, the X-Frame-Options header is not configured in HTTP response. This can potentially allow \u0027ClickJacking\u0027 attacks where an attacker can frame parts of the application on a malicious web site, revealing sensitive user information such as authentication credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-g26h-g3h8-pq5x",
"modified": "2023-05-16T21:30:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:13:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=9AKK107492A9964\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2G2-6GRG-2JM4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-15 15:30If a custom mouse cursor is specified in CSS, under certain circumstances the cursor could have been drawn over the browser UI, resulting in potential user confusion or spoofing attacks. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 102.5, Thunderbird < 102.5, and Firefox < 107.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45418"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "If a custom mouse cursor is specified in CSS, under certain circumstances the cursor could have been drawn over the browser UI, resulting in potential user confusion or spoofing attacks. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR \u003c 102.5, Thunderbird \u003c 102.5, and Firefox \u003c 107.",
"id": "GHSA-g2g2-6grg-2jm4",
"modified": "2025-04-15T15:30:36Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45418"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1795815"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-47"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-48"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-49"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G348-X9H5-9M9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-06 18:52 – Updated: 2022-10-07 18:15IBM Robotic Process Automation 21.0.0 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim's click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 227125.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22503"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-06T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Robotic Process Automation 21.0.0 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim\u0027s click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 227125.",
"id": "GHSA-g348-x9h5-9m9g",
"modified": "2022-10-07T18:15:44Z",
"published": "2022-10-06T18:52:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/227125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6825995"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G43G-5F3Q-RWXV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Improper restriction of rendered ui layers or frames in Microsoft Bing App for IOS allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58595"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:17:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper restriction of rendered ui layers or frames in Microsoft Bing App for IOS allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-g43g-5f3q-rwxv",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:11Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-58595"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G48C-WQ65-9WHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:14 – Updated: 2023-03-01 03:30Western Digital My Cloud Home and ibi devices before 2.2.0 allow clickjacking on sign-in pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10951"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-15T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Western Digital My Cloud Home and ibi devices before 2.2.0 allow clickjacking on sign-in pages.",
"id": "GHSA-g48c-wq65-9whh",
"modified": "2023-03-01T03:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:14:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10951"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.wdc.com/downloads.aspx?g=907\u0026lang=en"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/support/productsecurity/wdc-19012-my-cloud-home-and-ibi-portal-websites-clickjacking-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/support/productsecurity/wdc-19012-my-cloud-home-and-ibi-websites-2-2-0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G7QC-6W25-QR7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-08 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-08 21:30In DefaultTransitionHandler.java, there is a possible way to unknowingly grant permissions to an app due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48639"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T17:16:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In DefaultTransitionHandler.java, there is a possible way to unknowingly grant permissions to an app due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-g7qc-6w25-qr7w",
"modified": "2025-12-08T21:30:22Z",
"published": "2025-12-08T18:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/6d1697c96c5cae5062f6aea58cf2665b7d646cb8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/native/+/cc34c7b416b964c05a42ae3e9c2929b59b92c64f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC95-5MMP-MP6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-28 06:30 – Updated: 2023-10-02 21:34The commit 3730880 (April 2023) and v.0.9-beta1 of gugoan Economizzer is vulnerable to Clickjacking. Clickjacking, also known as a "UI redress attack", is when an attacker uses multiple transparent or opaque layers to trick a user into clicking on a button or link on another page when they were intending to click on the top-level page. Thus, the attacker is "hijacking" clicks meant for their page and routing them to another page, most likely owned by another application, domain, or both.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "gugoan/economizzer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.9-beta1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38873"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-09-28T16:50:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-28T04:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The commit 3730880 (April 2023) and v.0.9-beta1 of gugoan Economizzer is vulnerable to Clickjacking. Clickjacking, also known as a \"UI redress attack\", is when an attacker uses multiple transparent or opaque layers to trick a user into clicking on a button or link on another page when they were intending to click on the top-level page. Thus, the attacker is \"hijacking\" clicks meant for their page and routing them to another page, most likely owned by another application, domain, or both.",
"id": "GHSA-gc95-5mmp-mp6j",
"modified": "2023-10-02T21:34:52Z",
"published": "2023-09-28T06:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38873"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gugoan/economizzer/commit/37308802dfe00d43df396a8afaa2096ece8b7b57"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dub-flow/vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2023-38873"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gugoan/economizzer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.economizzer.org"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Economizzer vulnerable to Clickjacking"
}
GHSA-GG39-4C5C-PFX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-04 15:31 – Updated: 2025-02-05 21:32The z-order of the browser windows could be manipulated to hide the fullscreen notification. This could potentially be leveraged to perform a spoofing attack. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 135 and Thunderbird < 135.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1019"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-04T14:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The z-order of the browser windows could be manipulated to hide the fullscreen notification. This could potentially be leveraged to perform a spoofing attack. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 135 and Thunderbird \u003c 135.",
"id": "GHSA-gg39-4c5c-pfx2",
"modified": "2025-02-05T21:32:35Z",
"published": "2025-02-04T15:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1940162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-07"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GHG7-7723-HQ7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:08 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:47NetApp Snap Creator Framework before 4.3P1 allows remote authenticated users to conduct clickjacking attacks via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5710"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-11T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NetApp Snap Creator Framework before 4.3P1 allows remote authenticated users to conduct clickjacking attacks via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-ghg7-7723-hq7p",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:47:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:08:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netapp.com/support/s/article/cve-2016-5710-clickjacking-vulnerability-in-snap-creator-framework"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
- The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
- A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
- It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
Mitigation
In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking
An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.
CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay
An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.
CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.
CAPEC-506: Tapjacking
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.
CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)
This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.
CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.