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        "text": "An update for kernel is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service.\n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.",
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        "text": "The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system.\n\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\n* kernel: KVM: x86: Don\u0027t (re)check L1 intercepts when completing userspace I/O (CVE-2025-40026)\n\n* kernel: drm/amd/display: Do not skip unrelated mode changes in DSC validation (CVE-2026-31488)\n\n* kernel: net: sched: act_csum: validate nested VLAN headers (CVE-2026-31684)\n\n* kernel: xfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete (CVE-2026-46116)\n\n* kernel: nvmet-tcp: fix race between ICReq handling and queue teardown (CVE-2026-46135)\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.",
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        "text": "This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original.",
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      "cve": "CVE-2025-40026",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-754",
        "name": "Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions"
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      "discovery_date": "2025-10-28T00:00:00+00:00",
      "ids": [
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          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2406712"
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      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Don\u0027t (re)check L1 intercepts when completing userspace I/O\n\nWhen completing emulation of instruction that generated a userspace exit\nfor I/O, don\u0027t recheck L1 intercepts as KVM has already finished that\nphase of instruction execution, i.e. has already committed to allowing L2\nto perform I/O.  If L1 (or host userspace) modifies the I/O permission\nbitmaps during the exit to userspace,  KVM will treat the access as being\nintercepted despite already having emulated the I/O access.\n\nPivot on EMULTYPE_NO_DECODE to detect that KVM is completing emulation.\nOf the three users of EMULTYPE_NO_DECODE, only complete_emulated_io() (the\nintended \"recipient\") can reach the code in question.  gp_interception()\u0027s\nuse is mutually exclusive with is_guest_mode(), and\ncomplete_emulated_insn_gp() unconditionally pairs EMULTYPE_NO_DECODE with\nEMULTYPE_SKIP.\n\nThe bad behavior was detected by a syzkaller program that toggles port I/O\ninterception during the userspace I/O exit, ultimately resulting in a WARN\non vcpu-\u003earch.pio.count being non-zero due to KVM no completing emulation\nof the I/O instruction.\n\n  WARNING: CPU: 23 PID: 1083 at arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:8039 emulator_pio_in_out+0x154/0x170 [kvm]\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 23 UID: 1000 PID: 1083 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.16.0-rc5-c1610d2d66b1-next-vm #74 NONE\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:emulator_pio_in_out+0x154/0x170 [kvm]\n  PKRU: 55555554\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   kvm_fast_pio+0xd6/0x1d0 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x149/0x610 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xda8/0x1ac0 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x244/0x8c0 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0x5d/0xc60\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n   \u003c/TASK\u003e",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "kernel: KVM: x86: Don\u0027t (re)check L1 intercepts when completing userspace I/O",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "KVM x86 was re-checking L1 instruction intercepts while completing a userspace I/O emulation for an L2 instruction. If L1 (or host userspace) modified I/O interception during the exit, KVM could wrongly treat the already-emulated I/O as intercepted and leave vcpu-\u003earch.pio.count non-zero, triggering a WARN and potentially disrupting the guest.\nPractical exploitation requires local access to /dev/kvm and the ability to run nested virtualization or manipulate I/O bitmaps.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
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        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-40026"
        },
        {
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          "summary": "RHBZ#2406712",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2406712"
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          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40026",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40026"
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40026",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40026"
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025102841-CVE-2025-40026-760b@gregkh/T",
          "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025102841-CVE-2025-40026-760b@gregkh/T"
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      "release_date": "2025-10-28T00:00:00+00:00",
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          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2026-07-29T13:39:05+00:00",
          "details": "For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\nThe system must be rebooted for this update to take effect.\n\nRed Hat recommends treating all kernel errata as security-relevant. Given the kernel\u0027s fundamental role, any bug has a higher chance of impacting system security, even if that impact only becomes clear after a fix is published. Therefore, Red Hat prioritizes delivering fixes that improve our customers\u0027 overall security posture.\n\nBecause of this proactive approach, a patch may be associated with a CVE assignment at a future date. Retroactive CVE assignments are always documented in the corresponding errata and on Red Hat\u0027s CVE pages. We strongly advise against delaying updates, as doing so may leave your system exposed when protections are already available.",
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          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47869"
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          "details": "This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling nested virtualization. Create a file in `/etc/modprobe.d/` with a descriptive name, such as `cve-2026-53359-mitigation.conf`. In that file, disable nested virtualization for the `kvm_intel` and `kvm_amd` kernel modules:\n```\noptions kvm-intel nested=0\noptions kvm-amd nested=0\n```\n\nUse `lsmod` to determine if either module is already loaded. If so, remove loaded modules with `modprobe -r`. To validate that nested virtualization is disabled, read the files `/sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested` and `/sys/module/kvm_amd/parameters/nested`. If these modules are loaded, those files should read `N` to indicate that the feature is disabled.\n\nIn OpenShift 4, a MachineConfig can be utilized to create a modprobe configuration allowing control of the module on applicable nodes. See the following article for an example.\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/solutions/6979679",
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        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "kernel: KVM: x86: Don\u0027t (re)check L1 intercepts when completing userspace I/O"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31488",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-1288",
        "name": "Improper Validation of Consistency within Input"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2460619"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel\u0027s AMD display component. This vulnerability arises from incorrect validation of display mode changes during Display Stream Compression (DSC) processing. A local attacker could exploit this by initiating specific display configuration changes, which may lead to a memory leak and a use-after-free error. This could result in system crashes, denial of service, or potentially allow the attacker to gain elevated privileges.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "kernel: drm/amd/display: Do not skip unrelated mode changes in DSC validation",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "This is an Important flaw in the Linux kernel\u0027s AMD display driver, where incorrect handling of display mode changes during Display Stream Compression (DSC) processing can lead to a memory leak and use-after-free. A local attacker with the ability to initiate specific display configuration changes could exploit this to cause a denial of service or potentially escalate privileges. The vulnerability requires local access to the system.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-31488"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2460619",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2460619"
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        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31488",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31488"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31488",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31488"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026042200-CVE-2026-31488-fe04@gregkh/T",
          "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026042200-CVE-2026-31488-fe04@gregkh/T"
        }
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      "release_date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2026-07-29T13:39:05+00:00",
          "details": "For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\nThe system must be rebooted for this update to take effect.\n\nRed Hat recommends treating all kernel errata as security-relevant. Given the kernel\u0027s fundamental role, any bug has a higher chance of impacting system security, even if that impact only becomes clear after a fix is published. Therefore, Red Hat prioritizes delivering fixes that improve our customers\u0027 overall security posture.\n\nBecause of this proactive approach, a patch may be associated with a CVE assignment at a future date. Retroactive CVE assignments are always documented in the corresponding errata and on Red Hat\u0027s CVE pages. We strongly advise against delaying updates, as doing so may leave your system exposed when protections are already available.",
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          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47869"
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      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Important"
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      ],
      "title": "kernel: drm/amd/display: Do not skip unrelated mode changes in DSC validation"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31684",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-1285",
        "name": "Improper Validation of Specified Index, Position, or Offset in Input"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2026-04-25T00:00:00+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2461757"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel\u0027s network scheduler component. A remote attacker could send specially crafted network packets containing nested Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) headers. This could cause the kernel to read beyond allocated memory, leading to a system crash and a denial of service.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "kernel: net: sched: act_csum: validate nested VLAN headers",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-31684"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
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          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2461757"
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31684",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31684"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31684",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31684"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026042545-CVE-2026-31684-6974@gregkh/T",
          "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026042545-CVE-2026-31684-6974@gregkh/T"
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      "release_date": "2026-04-25T00:00:00+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2026-07-29T13:39:05+00:00",
          "details": "For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\nThe system must be rebooted for this update to take effect.\n\nRed Hat recommends treating all kernel errata as security-relevant. Given the kernel\u0027s fundamental role, any bug has a higher chance of impacting system security, even if that impact only becomes clear after a fix is published. Therefore, Red Hat prioritizes delivering fixes that improve our customers\u0027 overall security posture.\n\nBecause of this proactive approach, a patch may be associated with a CVE assignment at a future date. Retroactive CVE assignments are always documented in the corresponding errata and on Red Hat\u0027s CVE pages. We strongly advise against delaying updates, as doing so may leave your system exposed when protections are already available.",
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        {
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            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "kernel: net: sched: act_csum: validate nested VLAN headers"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-46116",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-763",
        "name": "Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2026-05-28T00:00:00+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2482523"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel\u0027s `xfrm` (IPSec framework) subsystem. This vulnerability, a use-after-free, occurs when the system incorrectly manages memory related to security policies, specifically during the deletion of `xfrm_state` lists. An attacker with local access could exploit this flaw by triggering specific operations, leading to memory corruption. This could cause the system to become unstable, resulting in crashes or a Denial of Service (DoS), and potentially allow for unauthorized access to sensitive information or increased privileges.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "kernel: xfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
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      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-46116"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2482523",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482523"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46116",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46116"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46116",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46116"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026052814-CVE-2026-46116-73b8@gregkh/T",
          "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026052814-CVE-2026-46116-73b8@gregkh/T"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2026-05-28T00:00:00+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2026-07-29T13:39:05+00:00",
          "details": "For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\nThe system must be rebooted for this update to take effect.\n\nRed Hat recommends treating all kernel errata as security-relevant. Given the kernel\u0027s fundamental role, any bug has a higher chance of impacting system security, even if that impact only becomes clear after a fix is published. Therefore, Red Hat prioritizes delivering fixes that improve our customers\u0027 overall security posture.\n\nBecause of this proactive approach, a patch may be associated with a CVE assignment at a future date. Retroactive CVE assignments are always documented in the corresponding errata and on Red Hat\u0027s CVE pages. We strongly advise against delaying updates, as doing so may leave your system exposed when protections are already available.",
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        {
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            "baseScore": 7.0,
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            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Important"
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      ],
      "title": "kernel: xfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-46135",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-1341",
        "name": "Multiple Releases of Same Resource or Handle"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2026-05-28T00:00:00+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2482654"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel\u0027s NVMe over TCP (nvmet-tcp) implementation. A race condition exists between the handling of an Initialization Connection Request (ICReq) and the teardown of a queue. A remote attacker, by sending an ICReq and immediately closing the connection, could trigger a double free vulnerability. This could lead to a denial of service (DoS) due to memory corruption.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "kernel: nvmet-tcp: fix race between ICReq handling and queue teardown",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-46135"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2482654",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482654"
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46135",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46135"
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        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46135",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46135"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026052818-CVE-2026-46135-6f53@gregkh/T",
          "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026052818-CVE-2026-46135-6f53@gregkh/T"
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      "release_date": "2026-05-28T00:00:00+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2026-07-29T13:39:05+00:00",
          "details": "For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258\n\nThe system must be rebooted for this update to take effect.\n\nRed Hat recommends treating all kernel errata as security-relevant. Given the kernel\u0027s fundamental role, any bug has a higher chance of impacting system security, even if that impact only becomes clear after a fix is published. Therefore, Red Hat prioritizes delivering fixes that improve our customers\u0027 overall security posture.\n\nBecause of this proactive approach, a patch may be associated with a CVE assignment at a future date. Retroactive CVE assignments are always documented in the corresponding errata and on Red Hat\u0027s CVE pages. We strongly advise against delaying updates, as doing so may leave your system exposed when protections are already available.",
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          "restart_required": {
            "category": "machine"
          },
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47869"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "kernel: nvmet-tcp: fix race between ICReq handling and queue teardown"
    }
  ]
}