Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1288
AllowedImproper Validation of Consistency within Input
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product receives a complex input with multiple elements or fields that must be consistent with each other, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input is actually consistent.
44 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-42982 (GCVE-0-2026-42982)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 17:04 – Updated: 2026-07-14 19:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows Secure Kernel Mode Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Improper validation of consistency within input in Windows Secure Kernel Mode allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-1288 - Improper Validation of Consistency within Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
16 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9339
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9020
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7548
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7548
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7376
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7376
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8875
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8875
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9339
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9339
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9020
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9020
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5386
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33158
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33158
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-07-14 14:00
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CVE-2026-14781 (GCVE-0-2026-14781)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-05 06:55 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: oidc email_verified claim incorrectly applied to userinfo email
Summary
A flaw exists in the org.keycloak.broker.oidc package where the OIDC broker incorrectly synchronizes the email_verified claim. When an OIDC identity provider is configured with trustEmail=true and the userinfo endpoint is enabled, Keycloak retrieves the email address from the userinfo response but retrieves the email_verified status exclusively from the id_token.
The root cause is a lack of validation ensuring that the email_verified claim in the id_token actually refers to the email address returned by the userinfo endpoint. If these two sources return different email addresses, the id_token's email_verified=true claim is blindly applied to the userinfo email.
Exploitation Conditions:
The OIDC identity provider must have trustEmail set to true (non-default).
The userinfo endpoint must be enabled (default).
The attacker must control or have compromised the upstream OIDC provider.
Concrete Impact:
Mark arbitrary email addresses as verified in the Keycloak database.
Bypass email-based security controls or verification workflows.
Potential account takeover if the application relies solely on the email_verified flag from the IdP to link accounts.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1288 - Improper Validation of Consistency within Input
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-14781 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2497118 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Keycloak |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak: |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7 |
Date Public
2026-07-05 06:49
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CVE-2026-9689 (GCVE-0-2026-9689)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 10:35 – Updated: 2026-05-27 14:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Keycloak: org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: http parameter pollution in oidc redirect uri allows response parameter duplication - #ghi-604
Summary
A flaw was found in Keycloak, an open-source identity and access management solution. When a client application is configured to accept broad redirect Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), a remote attacker can manipulate the authentication process by crafting a special web address. If a user clicks this link, the client application might incorrectly prioritize attacker-controlled information over legitimate data. This vulnerability, known as HTTP parameter pollution, could allow an attacker to bypass security measures or gain unauthorized access to resources.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1288 - Improper Validation of Consistency within Input
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-9689 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2481845 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Keycloak |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak: |
Date Public
2026-05-27 10:18
Credits
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CVE-2025-46722 (GCVE-0-2025-46722)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-29 16:36 – Updated: 2025-05-29 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM has a Weakness in MultiModalHasher Image Hashing Implementation
Summary
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Severity
4.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/17378 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/99404… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
>= 0.7.0, < 0.9.0
|
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CVE-2025-10929 (GCVE-0-2025-10929)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 23:14 – Updated: 2025-10-30 13:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Reverse Proxy Header - Less critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2025-111
Summary
Improper Validation of Consistency within Input vulnerability in Drupal Reverse Proxy Header allows Manipulating User-Controlled Variables.This issue affects Reverse Proxy Header: from 0.0.0 before 1.1.2.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1288 - Improper Validation of Consistency within Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drupal | Reverse Proxy Header |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 1.1.2
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-09-24 17:28
Credits
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CVE-2025-9999 (GCVE-0-2025-9999)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-05 16:41 – Updated: 2026-02-26 07:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper validation of payload elements
Summary
Some payload elements of the messages sent between two stations in a networking architecture are not properly checked on the receiving station allowing an attacker to execute unauthorized commands in the application.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.pcvue.com/security/#SB2025-4 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-09-04 22:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-2885 (GCVE-0-2025-2885)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-27 22:18 – Updated: 2025-10-14 18:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Root metadata version not validated in tough
Summary
Missing validation of the root metatdata version number could allow an actor to supply an arbitrary version number to the client instead of the intended version in the root metadata file, altering the version fetched by the client. Users should upgrade to tough version 0.20.0 or later and ensure any forked or derivative code is patched to incorporate the new fixes.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1288 - Improper Validation of Consistency within Input
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/awslabs/tough/security/advisor… | vendor-advisory |
| https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletin… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/awslabs/tough/releases/tag/tou… | patch |
Date Public
2025-03-27 21:30
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CVE-2024-39515 (GCVE-0-2024-39515)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-09 20:00 – Updated: 2024-10-11 15:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: With BGP traceoptions enabled, receipt of specifically malformed BGP update causes RPD crash
Summary
An Improper Validation of Consistency within Input vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated network-based attacker sending a specifically malformed BGP packet to cause rpd to crash and restart, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS). Continued receipt and processing of this packet will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition.
In some cases, rpd fails to restart requiring a manual restart via the 'restart routing' CLI command.
This issue only affects systems with BGP traceoptions enabled and
requires a BGP session to be already established. Systems without BGP traceoptions enabled are not affected by this issue.
This issue affects iBGP and eBGP, and both IPv4 and IPv6 are affected by this vulnerability.
This issue affects:
Junos OS:
* All versions before 21.4R3-S8,
* 22.2 before 22.2R3-S5,
* 22.3 before 22.3R3-S4,
* 22.4 before 22.4R3-S3,
* 23.2 before 23.2R2-S2,
* 23.4 before 23.4R2;
Junos OS Evolved:
* All versions before 21.4R3-S8-EVO,
* 22.2-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO,
* 22.3-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO,
* 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S3-EVO,
* 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO,
* 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-EVO.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1288 - Improper Validation of Consistency within Input
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA88099 | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/softw… | related |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
0 , < 21.4R3-S8
(semver)
Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2R3-S5 (semver) Affected: 22.3 , < 22.3R3-S4 (semver) Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4R3-S3 (semver) Affected: 23.2 , < 23.2R2-S2 (semver) Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4R2 (semver) |
|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS Evolved |
Affected:
0 , < 21.4R3-S8-EVO
(semver)
Affected: 22.2-EVO , < 22.2R3-S5-EVO (semver) Affected: 22.3-EVO , < 22.3R3-S4-EVO (semver) Affected: 22.4-EVO , < 22.4R3-S3-EVO (semver) Affected: 23.2-EVO , < 23.2R2-S2-EVO (semver) Affected: 23.4-EVO , < 23.4R2-EVO (semver) |
|
| juniper | junos |
Affected:
0 , < 21.4R3-S8
(semver)
Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2R3-S5 (semver) Affected: 22.3 , < 22.3R3-S4 (semver) Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4R3-S3 (semver) Affected: 23.2 , < 23.2R2-S2 (semver) Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4R2 (semver) cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| juniper | junos_os_evolved |
Affected:
0 , < 21.4R3-S8
(semver)
Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2R3-S5 (semver) Affected: 22.3 , < 22.3R3-S4 (semver) Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4R3-S3 (semver) Affected: 23.2 , < 23.2R2-S2 (semver) Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4R2 (semver) cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos_os_evolved:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-10-09 16:00
Credits
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CVE-2024-25951 (GCVE-0-2024-25951)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-09 05:56 – Updated: 2024-08-22 19:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A command injection vulnerability exists in local RACADM. A malicious authenticated user could gain control of the underlying operating system.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1288 - Improper Validation of Consistency within Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00022259… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | Integrated Dell Remote Access Controller 8 |
Affected:
N/A , < 2.85.85.85
(semver)
|
|
| dell | integrated_dell_remote_access_controller_8 |
Affected:
0 , < 2.85.85.85
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:dell:integrated_dell_remote_access_controller_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-02-29 06:30
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CVE-2024-12093 (GCVE-0-2024-12093)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-22 14:32 – Updated: 2025-05-22 14:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Validation of Consistency within Input in GitLab
Summary
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 11.1 before 17.10.7, 17.11 before 17.11.3, and 18.0 before 18.0.1. Improper XPath validation allows modified SAML response to bypass 2FA requirement under specialized conditions.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1288 - Improper Validation of Consistency within Input
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/507445 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/2851261 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
Impacted products
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.