PYSEC-2026-2952
Vulnerability from pysec - Published: 2026-07-13 15:02 - Updated: 2026-07-13 16:05The fix for CVE-2026-40315 added input validation to SQLiteConversationStore only. Nine sibling backends — MySQL, PostgreSQL, async SQLite/MySQL/PostgreSQL, Turso, SingleStore, Supabase, SurrealDB — pass table_prefix straight into f-string SQL. Same root cause, same code pattern, same exploitation. 52 unvalidated injection points across the codebase.
postgres.py additionally accepts an unvalidated schema parameter used directly in DDL.
Severity
High — CWE-89 (SQL Injection)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N — 8.1
Exploitable in any deployment where table_prefix is derived from external input (multi-tenant setups, API-driven configuration, user-modifiable config files). Default config ("praison_") is not affected.
Details
The CVE-2026-40315 fix added this guard to sqlite.py:52:
# sqlite.py — PATCHED
import re
if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$', table_prefix):
raise ValueError("table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores")
The following backends perform the identical table_prefix → f-string SQL pattern without this guard:
| Backend | File | Line | Injection points |
|---|---|---|---|
| MySQL | persistence/conversation/mysql.py |
65 | 5 |
| PostgreSQL | persistence/conversation/postgres.py |
89 (+schema:88) | 10 |
| Async SQLite | persistence/conversation/async_sqlite.py |
43 | 13 |
| Async MySQL | persistence/conversation/async_mysql.py |
65 | 13 |
| Async PostgreSQL | persistence/conversation/async_postgres.py |
63 | 13 |
| Turso/LibSQL | persistence/conversation/turso.py |
66 | 9 |
| SingleStore | persistence/conversation/singlestore.py |
51 | 7 |
| Supabase | persistence/conversation/supabase.py |
68 | 9 |
| SurrealDB | persistence/conversation/surrealdb.py |
57 | 8 |
| Total | 9 backends | 52 injection points |
Additionally, praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/storage/backends.py:179 (SQLiteBackend) accepts table_name without validation.
PoC
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Demonstrates: sqlite.py rejects malicious table_prefix, mysql.py accepts it.
Run: python3 poc.py (no dependencies required)
"""
import re
payload = "x'; DROP TABLE users; --"
# ── SQLite (patched) ────────────────────────────────────────────────
try:
if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$', payload):
raise ValueError("blocked")
print(f"[SQLite] FAIL — accepted: {payload}")
except ValueError:
print(f"[SQLite] OK — rejected malicious table_prefix")
# ── MySQL (unpatched) ───────────────────────────────────────────────
sessions_table = f"{payload}sessions"
sql = f"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {sessions_table} (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)"
print(f"[MySQL] VULN — generated SQL:\n {sql}")
# ── PostgreSQL (unpatched — both table_prefix AND schema) ──────────
schema = "public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --"
sessions_table = f"{schema}.praison_sessions"
sql = f"CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}"
print(f"[Postgres] VULN — schema injection:\n {sql}")
Output:
[SQLite] OK — rejected malicious table_prefix
[MySQL] VULN — generated SQL:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS x'; DROP TABLE users; --sessions (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)
[Postgres] VULN — schema injection:
CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --
Vulnerable code (mysql.py, representative)
# mysql.py:65-67 — NO validation
self.table_prefix = table_prefix # ← raw input
self.sessions_table = f"{table_prefix}sessions" # ← into identifier
self.messages_table = f"{table_prefix}messages"
# mysql.py:105 — straight into DDL
cur.execute(f"""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {self.sessions_table} (
session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY, ...
)
""")
Compare with the patched sqlite.py:52:
# sqlite.py:52-53 — HAS validation
if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$', table_prefix):
raise ValueError("table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores")
Impact
When table_prefix originates from untrusted input — multi-tenant tenant names, API request parameters, user-editable config — an attacker achieves arbitrary SQL execution against the backing database. The injected SQL runs in the context of DDL and DML operations (CREATE TABLE, INSERT, SELECT, DELETE), giving the attacker read/write/delete access to the entire database.
PostgreSQL's schema parameter adds a second injection vector in DDL (CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}).
| Name | purl | praisonaiagents | pkg:pypi/praisonaiagents |
|---|
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "praisonaiagents",
"purl": "pkg:pypi/praisonaiagents"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
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}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41496",
"GHSA-rg3h-x3jw-7jm5"
],
"details": "The fix for [CVE-2026-40315](https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-x783-xp3g-mqhp) added input validation to `SQLiteConversationStore` only. Nine sibling backends \u2014 MySQL, PostgreSQL, async SQLite/MySQL/PostgreSQL, Turso, SingleStore, Supabase, SurrealDB \u2014 pass `table_prefix` straight into f-string SQL. Same root cause, same code pattern, same exploitation. 52 unvalidated injection points across the codebase.\n\n`postgres.py` additionally accepts an unvalidated `schema` parameter used directly in DDL.\n\n### Severity\n\n**High** \u2014 CWE-89 (SQL Injection)\n\nCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N \u2014 **8.1**\n\nExploitable in any deployment where `table_prefix` is derived from external input (multi-tenant setups, API-driven configuration, user-modifiable config files). Default config (`\"praison_\"`) is not affected.\n\n### Details\n\nThe [CVE-2026-40315 fix](https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-x783-xp3g-mqhp) added this guard to `sqlite.py:52`:\n\n```python\n# sqlite.py \u2014 PATCHED\nimport re\nif not re.match(r\u0027^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$\u0027, table_prefix):\n raise ValueError(\"table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores\")\n```\n\nThe following backends perform the identical `table_prefix \u2192 f-string SQL` pattern **without this guard**:\n\n| Backend | File | Line | Injection points |\n| ---------------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------- |\n| MySQL | `persistence/conversation/mysql.py` | 65 | 5 |\n| PostgreSQL | `persistence/conversation/postgres.py` | 89 (+schema:88) | 10 |\n| Async SQLite | `persistence/conversation/async_sqlite.py` | 43 | 13 |\n| Async MySQL | `persistence/conversation/async_mysql.py` | 65 | 13 |\n| Async PostgreSQL | `persistence/conversation/async_postgres.py` | 63 | 13 |\n| Turso/LibSQL | `persistence/conversation/turso.py` | 66 | 9 |\n| SingleStore | `persistence/conversation/singlestore.py` | 51 | 7 |\n| Supabase | `persistence/conversation/supabase.py` | 68 | 9 |\n| SurrealDB | `persistence/conversation/surrealdb.py` | 57 | 8 |\n| **Total** | **9 backends** | | **52 injection points** |\n\nAdditionally, `praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/storage/backends.py:179` (`SQLiteBackend`) accepts `table_name` without validation.\n\n### PoC\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\"\"\"\nDemonstrates: sqlite.py rejects malicious table_prefix, mysql.py accepts it.\nRun: python3 poc.py (no dependencies required)\n\"\"\"\nimport re\n\npayload = \"x\u0027; DROP TABLE users; --\"\n\n# \u2500\u2500 SQLite (patched) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\ntry:\n if not re.match(r\u0027^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$\u0027, payload):\n raise ValueError(\"blocked\")\n print(f\"[SQLite] FAIL \u2014 accepted: {payload}\")\nexcept ValueError:\n print(f\"[SQLite] OK \u2014 rejected malicious table_prefix\")\n\n# \u2500\u2500 MySQL (unpatched) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\nsessions_table = f\"{payload}sessions\"\nsql = f\"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {sessions_table} (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)\"\nprint(f\"[MySQL] VULN \u2014 generated SQL:\\n {sql}\")\n\n# \u2500\u2500 PostgreSQL (unpatched \u2014 both table_prefix AND schema) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\nschema = \"public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --\"\nsessions_table = f\"{schema}.praison_sessions\"\nsql = f\"CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}\"\nprint(f\"[Postgres] VULN \u2014 schema injection:\\n {sql}\")\n```\n\nOutput:\n\n```\n[SQLite] OK \u2014 rejected malicious table_prefix\n[MySQL] VULN \u2014 generated SQL:\n CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS x\u0027; DROP TABLE users; --sessions (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)\n[Postgres] VULN \u2014 schema injection:\n CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --\n```\n\n### Vulnerable code (mysql.py, representative)\n\n```python\n# mysql.py:65-67 \u2014 NO validation\nself.table_prefix = table_prefix # \u2190 raw input\nself.sessions_table = f\"{table_prefix}sessions\" # \u2190 into identifier\nself.messages_table = f\"{table_prefix}messages\"\n\n# mysql.py:105 \u2014 straight into DDL\ncur.execute(f\"\"\"\n CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {self.sessions_table} (\n session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY, ...\n )\n\"\"\")\n```\n\nCompare with the patched `sqlite.py:52`:\n\n```python\n# sqlite.py:52-53 \u2014 HAS validation\nif not re.match(r\u0027^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$\u0027, table_prefix):\n raise ValueError(\"table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores\")\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen `table_prefix` originates from untrusted input \u2014 multi-tenant tenant names, API request parameters, user-editable config \u2014 an attacker achieves **arbitrary SQL execution** against the backing database. The injected SQL runs in the context of DDL and DML operations (CREATE TABLE, INSERT, SELECT, DELETE), giving the attacker read/write/delete access to the entire database.\n\nPostgreSQL\u0027s `schema` parameter adds a second injection vector in DDL (`CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}`).",
"id": "PYSEC-2026-2952",
"modified": "2026-07-13T16:05:45.388413Z",
"published": "2026-07-13T15:02:49.618282Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-rg3h-x3jw-7jm5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41496"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://pypi.org/project/praisonaiagents"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rg3h-x3jw-7jm5"
}
],
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "PraisonAI: SQL Injection via unvalidated `table_prefix` in 9 conversation store backends (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-40315)"
}
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.