PYSEC-2026-2923

Vulnerability from pysec - Published: 2026-07-13 15:02 - Updated: 2026-07-13 16:05
VLAI
Details

The fix for CVE-2026-40315 added input validation to SQLiteConversationStore only. Nine sibling backends — MySQL, PostgreSQL, async SQLite/MySQL/PostgreSQL, Turso, SingleStore, Supabase, SurrealDB — pass table_prefix straight into f-string SQL. Same root cause, same code pattern, same exploitation. 52 unvalidated injection points across the codebase.

postgres.py additionally accepts an unvalidated schema parameter used directly in DDL.

Severity

High — CWE-89 (SQL Injection)

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N — 8.1

Exploitable in any deployment where table_prefix is derived from external input (multi-tenant setups, API-driven configuration, user-modifiable config files). Default config ("praison_") is not affected.

Details

The CVE-2026-40315 fix added this guard to sqlite.py:52:

# sqlite.py — PATCHED
import re
if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$', table_prefix):
    raise ValueError("table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores")

The following backends perform the identical table_prefix → f-string SQL pattern without this guard:

Backend File Line Injection points
MySQL persistence/conversation/mysql.py 65 5
PostgreSQL persistence/conversation/postgres.py 89 (+schema:88) 10
Async SQLite persistence/conversation/async_sqlite.py 43 13
Async MySQL persistence/conversation/async_mysql.py 65 13
Async PostgreSQL persistence/conversation/async_postgres.py 63 13
Turso/LibSQL persistence/conversation/turso.py 66 9
SingleStore persistence/conversation/singlestore.py 51 7
Supabase persistence/conversation/supabase.py 68 9
SurrealDB persistence/conversation/surrealdb.py 57 8
Total 9 backends 52 injection points

Additionally, praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/storage/backends.py:179 (SQLiteBackend) accepts table_name without validation.

PoC

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Demonstrates: sqlite.py rejects malicious table_prefix, mysql.py accepts it.
Run: python3 poc.py  (no dependencies required)
"""
import re

payload = "x'; DROP TABLE users; --"

# ── SQLite (patched) ────────────────────────────────────────────────
try:
    if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$', payload):
        raise ValueError("blocked")
    print(f"[SQLite] FAIL — accepted: {payload}")
except ValueError:
    print(f"[SQLite] OK — rejected malicious table_prefix")

# ── MySQL (unpatched) ───────────────────────────────────────────────
sessions_table = f"{payload}sessions"
sql = f"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {sessions_table} (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)"
print(f"[MySQL]  VULN — generated SQL:\n  {sql}")

# ── PostgreSQL (unpatched — both table_prefix AND schema) ──────────
schema = "public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --"
sessions_table = f"{schema}.praison_sessions"
sql = f"CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}"
print(f"[Postgres] VULN — schema injection:\n  {sql}")

Output:

[SQLite] OK — rejected malicious table_prefix
[MySQL]  VULN — generated SQL:
  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS x'; DROP TABLE users; --sessions (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)
[Postgres] VULN — schema injection:
  CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --

Vulnerable code (mysql.py, representative)

# mysql.py:65-67 — NO validation
self.table_prefix = table_prefix                    # ← raw input
self.sessions_table = f"{table_prefix}sessions"     # ← into identifier
self.messages_table = f"{table_prefix}messages"

# mysql.py:105 — straight into DDL
cur.execute(f"""
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {self.sessions_table} (
        session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY, ...
    )
""")

Compare with the patched sqlite.py:52:

# sqlite.py:52-53 — HAS validation
if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$', table_prefix):
    raise ValueError("table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores")

Impact

When table_prefix originates from untrusted input — multi-tenant tenant names, API request parameters, user-editable config — an attacker achieves arbitrary SQL execution against the backing database. The injected SQL runs in the context of DDL and DML operations (CREATE TABLE, INSERT, SELECT, DELETE), giving the attacker read/write/delete access to the entire database.

PostgreSQL's schema parameter adds a second injection vector in DDL (CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}).

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Impacted products
Name purl
praisonai pkg:pypi/praisonai
Aliases
To clipboard 

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        "4.5.95",
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        "4.5.97",
        "4.5.98"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41496",
    "GHSA-rg3h-x3jw-7jm5"
  ],
  "details": "The fix for [CVE-2026-40315](https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-x783-xp3g-mqhp) added input validation to `SQLiteConversationStore` only. Nine sibling backends \u2014 MySQL, PostgreSQL, async SQLite/MySQL/PostgreSQL, Turso, SingleStore, Supabase, SurrealDB \u2014 pass `table_prefix` straight into f-string SQL. Same root cause, same code pattern, same exploitation. 52 unvalidated injection points across the codebase.\n\n`postgres.py` additionally accepts an unvalidated `schema` parameter used directly in DDL.\n\n### Severity\n\n**High** \u2014 CWE-89 (SQL Injection)\n\nCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N \u2014 **8.1**\n\nExploitable in any deployment where `table_prefix` is derived from external input (multi-tenant setups, API-driven configuration, user-modifiable config files). Default config (`\"praison_\"`) is not affected.\n\n### Details\n\nThe [CVE-2026-40315 fix](https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-x783-xp3g-mqhp) added this guard to `sqlite.py:52`:\n\n```python\n# sqlite.py \u2014 PATCHED\nimport re\nif not re.match(r\u0027^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$\u0027, table_prefix):\n    raise ValueError(\"table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores\")\n```\n\nThe following backends perform the identical `table_prefix \u2192 f-string SQL` pattern **without this guard**:\n\n| Backend          | File                                         | Line            | Injection points        |\n| ---------------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------- |\n| MySQL            | `persistence/conversation/mysql.py`          | 65              | 5                       |\n| PostgreSQL       | `persistence/conversation/postgres.py`       | 89 (+schema:88) | 10                      |\n| Async SQLite     | `persistence/conversation/async_sqlite.py`   | 43              | 13                      |\n| Async MySQL      | `persistence/conversation/async_mysql.py`    | 65              | 13                      |\n| Async PostgreSQL | `persistence/conversation/async_postgres.py` | 63              | 13                      |\n| Turso/LibSQL     | `persistence/conversation/turso.py`          | 66              | 9                       |\n| SingleStore      | `persistence/conversation/singlestore.py`    | 51              | 7                       |\n| Supabase         | `persistence/conversation/supabase.py`       | 68              | 9                       |\n| SurrealDB        | `persistence/conversation/surrealdb.py`      | 57              | 8                       |\n| **Total**        | **9 backends**                               |                 | **52 injection points** |\n\nAdditionally, `praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/storage/backends.py:179` (`SQLiteBackend`) accepts `table_name` without validation.\n\n### PoC\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\"\"\"\nDemonstrates: sqlite.py rejects malicious table_prefix, mysql.py accepts it.\nRun: python3 poc.py  (no dependencies required)\n\"\"\"\nimport re\n\npayload = \"x\u0027; DROP TABLE users; --\"\n\n# \u2500\u2500 SQLite (patched) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\ntry:\n    if not re.match(r\u0027^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$\u0027, payload):\n        raise ValueError(\"blocked\")\n    print(f\"[SQLite] FAIL \u2014 accepted: {payload}\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(f\"[SQLite] OK \u2014 rejected malicious table_prefix\")\n\n# \u2500\u2500 MySQL (unpatched) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\nsessions_table = f\"{payload}sessions\"\nsql = f\"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {sessions_table} (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)\"\nprint(f\"[MySQL]  VULN \u2014 generated SQL:\\n  {sql}\")\n\n# \u2500\u2500 PostgreSQL (unpatched \u2014 both table_prefix AND schema) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\nschema = \"public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --\"\nsessions_table = f\"{schema}.praison_sessions\"\nsql = f\"CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}\"\nprint(f\"[Postgres] VULN \u2014 schema injection:\\n  {sql}\")\n```\n\nOutput:\n\n```\n[SQLite] OK \u2014 rejected malicious table_prefix\n[MySQL]  VULN \u2014 generated SQL:\n  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS x\u0027; DROP TABLE users; --sessions (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)\n[Postgres] VULN \u2014 schema injection:\n  CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --\n```\n\n### Vulnerable code (mysql.py, representative)\n\n```python\n# mysql.py:65-67 \u2014 NO validation\nself.table_prefix = table_prefix                    # \u2190 raw input\nself.sessions_table = f\"{table_prefix}sessions\"     # \u2190 into identifier\nself.messages_table = f\"{table_prefix}messages\"\n\n# mysql.py:105 \u2014 straight into DDL\ncur.execute(f\"\"\"\n    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {self.sessions_table} (\n        session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY, ...\n    )\n\"\"\")\n```\n\nCompare with the patched `sqlite.py:52`:\n\n```python\n# sqlite.py:52-53 \u2014 HAS validation\nif not re.match(r\u0027^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$\u0027, table_prefix):\n    raise ValueError(\"table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores\")\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen `table_prefix` originates from untrusted input \u2014 multi-tenant tenant names, API request parameters, user-editable config \u2014 an attacker achieves **arbitrary SQL execution** against the backing database. The injected SQL runs in the context of DDL and DML operations (CREATE TABLE, INSERT, SELECT, DELETE), giving the attacker read/write/delete access to the entire database.\n\nPostgreSQL\u0027s `schema` parameter adds a second injection vector in DDL (`CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}`).",
  "id": "PYSEC-2026-2923",
  "modified": "2026-07-13T16:05:41.838733Z",
  "published": "2026-07-13T15:02:49.515706Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-rg3h-x3jw-7jm5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41496"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/praisonai"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rg3h-x3jw-7jm5"
    }
  ],
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI: SQL Injection via unvalidated `table_prefix` in 9 conversation store backends (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-40315)"
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.