Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-8WPR-639P-CCRJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 15:32 – Updated: 2025-12-30 15:32

Summary

Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)

Details

A NestJS application is vulnerable if it meets all of the following criteria:

Platform: Uses @nestjs/platform-fastify.
Security Mechanism: Relies on NestMiddleware (via MiddlewareConsumer) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through app.use()
Routing: Applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., .forRoutes('admin')). Example Vulnerable Config:

// app.module.ts
export class AppModule implements NestModule {
  configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) {
    consumer
      .apply(AuthMiddleware) // Security check
      .forRoutes('admin');   // Vulnerable: Path-based restriction
  }
}

Attack Vector:

Target Route: /admin
Middleware Path: admin
Attack Request: GET /%61dmin
Result: Middleware is skipped (no match on %61dmin), but controller for /admin is executed.

Consequences:

Authentication Bypass: Unauthenticated users can access protected routes.
Authorization Bypass: Restricted administrative endpoints become accessible to lower-privileged users.
Input Validation Bypass: Middleware performing sanitization or validation can be skipped.

Patches

Patched in @nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11

Resources

Credit goes to Hacktron AI for reporting this issue.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 11.1.10"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@nestjs/platform-fastify"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.1.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-69211"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-367"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-30T15:32:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-29T16:15:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A NestJS application is vulnerable if it meets all of the following criteria:\n\n1. Platform: Uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`.\n2. Security Mechanism: Relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`\n3. Routing: Applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes(\u0027admin\u0027)`).\nExample Vulnerable Config:\n\n```ts\n// app.module.ts\nexport class AppModule implements NestModule {\n  configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) {\n    consumer\n      .apply(AuthMiddleware) // Security check\n      .forRoutes(\u0027admin\u0027);   // Vulnerable: Path-based restriction\n  }\n}\n```\n\nAttack Vector:\n\n- Target Route: `/admin`\n- Middleware Path: `admin`\n- Attack Request: `GET /%61dmin`\n- Result: Middleware is skipped (no match on `%61dmin`), but controller for `/admin` is executed.\n\nConsequences:\n\n- Authentication Bypass: Unauthenticated users can access protected routes.\n- Authorization Bypass: Restricted administrative endpoints become accessible to lower-privileged users.\n- Input Validation Bypass: Middleware performing sanitization or validation can be skipped.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`\n\n### Resources\n\nCredit goes to Hacktron AI for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj",
  "modified": "2025-12-30T15:32:44Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T15:32:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69211"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/commit/c4cedda15a05aafec1e6045b36b0335ab850e771"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)"
}

CVE-2025-69211 (GCVE-0-2025-69211)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-29 16:01 – Updated: 2025-12-29 16:50

Title

Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)

Summary

Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Versions prior to 11.1.11 have a Fastify URL encoding middleware bypass. A NestJS application is vulnerable if it uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`; relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`; and applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes('admin')`). Exploitation can result in unauthenticated users accessing protected routes, restricted administrative endpoints becoming accessible to lower-privileged users, and/or middleware performing sanitization or validation being skipped. This issue is patched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-29 16:49 UTC

CWE

CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisorie…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/nestjs/nest/commit/c4cedda15a0…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nestjs	nest	Affected: < 11.1.11

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-69211",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-12-29T16:49:53.144372Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-12-29T16:50:02.429Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "nest",
          "vendor": "nestjs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 11.1.11"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Versions prior to 11.1.11 have a Fastify URL encoding middleware bypass. A NestJS application is vulnerable if it uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`; relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`; and applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes(\u0027admin\u0027)`). Exploitation can result in unauthenticated users accessing protected routes, restricted administrative endpoints becoming accessible to lower-privileged users, and/or middleware performing sanitization or validation being skipped. This issue is patched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-367",
              "description": "CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-12-29T16:01:22.801Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/commit/c4cedda15a05aafec1e6045b36b0335ab850e771",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/commit/c4cedda15a05aafec1e6045b36b0335ab850e771"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-69211",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-29T16:01:22.801Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-29T15:00:11.973Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-12-29T16:50:02.429Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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