Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-44FP-W29J-9VJ5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-19 22:04 – Updated: 2025-05-19 22:04

Summary

Multer vulnerable to Denial of Service via memory leaks from unclosed streams

Details

Impact

Multer <2.0.0 is vulnerable to a resource exhaustion and memory leak issue due to improper stream handling. When the HTTP request stream emits an error, the internal busboy stream is not closed, violating Node.js stream safety guidance.

This leads to unclosed streams accumulating over time, consuming memory and file descriptors. Under sustained or repeated failure conditions, this can result in denial of service, requiring manual server restarts to recover. All users of Multer handling file uploads are potentially impacted.

Patches

Users should upgrade to 2.0.0

Workarounds

None

References

https://github.com/expressjs/multer/pull/1120
https://github.com/expressjs/multer/commit/2c8505f207d923dd8de13a9f93a4563e59933665

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "multer"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-47935"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-401"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-19T22:04:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-19T20:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nMulter \u003c2.0.0 is vulnerable to a resource exhaustion and memory leak issue due to improper stream handling. When the HTTP request stream emits an error, the internal `busboy` stream is not closed, violating Node.js stream safety guidance.\n\nThis leads to unclosed streams accumulating over time, consuming memory and file descriptors. Under sustained or repeated failure conditions, this can result in denial of service, requiring manual server restarts to recover. All users of Multer handling file uploads are potentially impacted.\n\n\n### Patches\n\nUsers should upgrade to `2.0.0`\n\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone\n\n### References\n\n- https://github.com/expressjs/multer/pull/1120\n- https://github.com/expressjs/multer/commit/2c8505f207d923dd8de13a9f93a4563e59933665",
  "id": "GHSA-44fp-w29j-9vj5",
  "modified": "2025-05-19T22:04:17Z",
  "published": "2025-05-19T22:04:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/security/advisories/GHSA-44fp-w29j-9vj5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47935"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/pull/1120"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/commit/2c8505f207d923dd8de13a9f93a4563e59933665"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Multer vulnerable to Denial of Service via memory leaks from unclosed streams"
}

CVE-2025-47935 (GCVE-0-2025-47935)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-19 19:18 – Updated: 2025-05-27 20:28

Title

Multer vulnerable to Denial of Service via memory leaks from unclosed streams

Summary

Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`. Versions prior to 2.0.0 are vulnerable to a resource exhaustion and memory leak issue due to improper stream handling. When the HTTP request stream emits an error, the internal `busboy` stream is not closed, violating Node.js stream safety guidance. This leads to unclosed streams accumulating over time, consuming memory and file descriptors. Under sustained or repeated failure conditions, this can result in denial of service, requiring manual server restarts to recover. All users of Multer handling file uploads are potentially impacted. Users should upgrade to 2.0.0 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-05-20 14:29 UTC

CWE

CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/expressjs/multer/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/expressjs/multer/pull/1120	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/expressjs/multer/commit/2c8505…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
expressjs	multer	Affected: < 2.0.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-47935",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-05-20T14:29:22.955614Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-05-27T20:28:27.244Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "multer",
          "vendor": "expressjs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.0.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`. Versions prior to 2.0.0 are vulnerable to a resource exhaustion and memory leak issue due to improper stream handling. When the HTTP request stream emits an error, the internal `busboy` stream is not closed, violating Node.js stream safety guidance. This leads to unclosed streams accumulating over time, consuming memory and file descriptors. Under sustained or repeated failure conditions, this can result in denial of service, requiring manual server restarts to recover. All users of Multer handling file uploads are potentially impacted. Users should upgrade to 2.0.0 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-401",
              "description": "CWE-401: Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-05-19T19:18:38.018Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/security/advisories/GHSA-44fp-w29j-9vj5",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/security/advisories/GHSA-44fp-w29j-9vj5"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/pull/1120",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/pull/1120"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/commit/2c8505f207d923dd8de13a9f93a4563e59933665",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/expressjs/multer/commit/2c8505f207d923dd8de13a9f93a4563e59933665"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-44fp-w29j-9vj5",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Multer vulnerable to Denial of Service via memory leaks from unclosed streams"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-47935",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-19T19:18:38.018Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-05-14T10:32:43.529Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-05-27T20:28:27.244Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

GHSA-44FP-W29J-9VJ5

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

References

CVE-2025-47935 (GCVE-0-2025-47935)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour