Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44523 (GCVE-0-2026-44523)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 18:42 – Updated: 2026-05-15 14:55

Title

Note Mark: JWT Secret Weakness allows Full Account Takeover via token forgery

Summary

Note Mark is an open-source note-taking application. Prior to 0.19.4, no minimum length or entropy is enforced on the JWT_SECRET configuration value. The application accepts any base64-decodable secret regardless of size, including secrets as short as 1 byte. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.19.4.

Severity

10 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-15 14:54 UTC

CWE

CWE-326 - Inadequate Encryption Strength
CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/enchant97/note-mark/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
enchant97	note-mark	Affected: < 0.19.4	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-44523

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-14 19:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:50

Severity

10.0 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/enchant97/note-mark/security/advisories/GHSA-q6mh-rqwh-g786
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/enchant97/note-mark/security/advisories/GHSA-q6mh-rqwh-g786

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "note-mark",
          "vendor": "enchant97",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.19.4"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Note Mark is an open-source note-taking application. Prior to 0.19.4, no minimum length or entropy is enforced on the JWT_SECRET configuration value. The application accepts any base64-decodable secret regardless of size, including secrets as short as 1 byte. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.19.4."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-44523",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:50:45.490",
  "metrics": {
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          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
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        "impactScore": 5.8,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
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            }
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          "timestamp": "2026-05-15T14:54:44.490880Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
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  "references": [
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    },
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    {
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          "value": "CWE-326"
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          "value": "CWE-345"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q6MH-RQWH-G786

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 21:08 – Updated: 2026-05-15 23:45

Summary

Note Mark has a JWT Secret Weakness that allows Full Account Takeover via Token Forgery

Details

Summary

No minimum length or entropy is enforced on the JWT_SECRET configuration value. The application accepts any base64-decodable secret regardless of size, including secrets as short as 1 byte.

HS256 secrets below 32 bytes are brute-forceable offline, allowing attackers to recover the signing key and forge valid JWTs for arbitrary users.

Impact

An attacker who captures a single valid JWT (e.g, from cookies, logs, or network traffic) can:

> Crack the signing secret offline using brute-force or wordlist attacks > Forge valid JWTs for any user ID (including administrators) > Authenticate without knowing any credentials

This results in full account takeover across the entire application with no server-side detection or rate limiting possible.

Details

In backend/config/utils.go, the Base64Decoded.UnmarshalText function decodes the JWT secret but does not validate its length or entropy.

In backend/core/auth.go, JWT tokens are signed using HS256 without enforcing minimum key size requirements.

According to RFC 7518 Section 3.2, HS256 keys must be at least 256 bits (32 bytes). Libraries such as PyJWT explicitly warn against shorter keys, but note-mark performs no such validation.

PoC

1- Deploy note-mark with a weak secret:

JWT_SECRET = base64("testsecret123456789012345")

2- Register an account and capture the Auth-Session-Token cookie

3- Crack the secret offline (example using Python):

python import jwt, base64 jwt.decode(TOKEN, base64.b64decode(SECRET), algorithms=["HS256"])

4- Forge a new token for any user UUID with extended expiry

5- Send the forged token in requests → server returns 200 Ok and authenticates as that user

Reproduction Steps

1- Deploy the application with a JWT secret shorter than 32 bytes (after base64 decoding) 2- Authenticate and capture a valid JWT 3- Perform offline brute-force or dictionary attack against the token signature 4- Recover the secret 5- Generate a forged JWT for another user 6- Use the forged token to access protected endpoints

Fix Recommendation

Enforce a minimum of 32 bytes (256 bits) for JWT secrets after base64 decoding
Reject weak secrets during configuration parsing (e.g., in Base64Decoded.UnmarshalText or config validation)
Optionally log warnings or fail startup if the secret is insecure

Resources

RFC 7518 Section 3.2 (JSON Web Algorithms - HMAC key size requirements)
CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Severity

10.0 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/enchant97/note-mark/backend"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.0-20260501152247-18b587758667"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44523"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-326",
      "CWE-345"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T21:08:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T19:16:37Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "#### Summary\n\nNo minimum length or entropy is enforced on the `JWT_SECRET` configuration value. The application accepts any base64-decodable secret regardless of size, including secrets as short as 1 byte.\n\nHS256 secrets below 32 bytes are brute-forceable offline, allowing attackers to recover the signing key and forge valid JWTs for arbitrary users.\n\n---\n\n#### Impact\n\nAn attacker who captures a single valid JWT (e.g, from cookies, logs, or network traffic) can:\n\n\\\u003e Crack the signing secret offline using brute-force or wordlist attacks\n\\\u003e Forge valid JWTs for any user ID (including administrators)\n\\\u003e Authenticate without knowing any credentials\n\nThis results in **full account takeover across the entire application** with no server-side detection or rate limiting possible.\n\n---\n\n#### Details\n\nIn `backend/config/utils.go`, the `Base64Decoded.UnmarshalText` function decodes the JWT secret but does not validate its length or entropy.\n\nIn `backend/core/auth.go`, JWT tokens are signed using HS256 without enforcing minimum key size requirements.\n\nAccording to **RFC 7518 Section 3.2**, HS256 keys must be at least 256 bits (32 bytes). Libraries such as PyJWT explicitly warn against shorter keys, but note-mark performs no such validation.\n\n---\n\n### PoC\n\n1- Deploy note-mark with a weak secret:\n\n   ```\n   JWT_SECRET = base64(\"testsecret123456789012345\")\n   ```\n\n2- Register an account and capture the `Auth-Session-Token` cookie\n\n3- Crack the secret offline (example using Python):\n\n   ```python\n   import jwt, base64\n   jwt.decode(TOKEN, base64.b64decode(SECRET), algorithms=[\"HS256\"])\n   ```\n\n4- Forge a new token for any user UUID with extended expiry\n\n5- Send the forged token in requests \u2192 server returns **200 Ok** and authenticates as that user\n\n---\n\n### Reproduction Steps\n\n1- Deploy the application with a JWT secret shorter than 32 bytes (after base64 decoding)\n2- Authenticate and capture a valid JWT\n3- Perform offline brute-force or dictionary attack against the token signature\n4- Recover the secret\n5- Generate a forged JWT for another user\n6- Use the forged token to access protected endpoints\n\n---\n\n### Fix Recommendation\n\n* Enforce a **minimum of 32 bytes (256 bits)** for JWT secrets after base64 decoding\n* Reject weak secrets during configuration parsing (e.g., in `Base64Decoded.UnmarshalText` or config validation)\n* Optionally log warnings or fail startup if the secret is insecure\n\n---\n\n### Resources\n\n* RFC 7518 Section 3.2 (JSON Web Algorithms - HMAC key size requirements)\n* CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength\n* CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity\n\n---",
  "id": "GHSA-q6mh-rqwh-g786",
  "modified": "2026-05-15T23:45:05Z",
  "published": "2026-05-07T21:08:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/enchant97/note-mark/security/advisories/GHSA-q6mh-rqwh-g786"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44523"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/enchant97/note-mark/commit/18b58775866776ed400c403dd0ccad68c1fa4802"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/enchant97/note-mark"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/enchant97/note-mark/releases/tag/v0.19.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Note Mark has a JWT Secret Weakness that allows Full Account Takeover via Token Forgery"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-44523 (GCVE-0-2026-44523)

FKIE_CVE-2026-44523

GHSA-Q6MH-RQWH-G786

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