CVE-2026-41651 (GCVE-0-2026-41651)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 13:11 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PackageKit vulnerable to TOCTOU Race on Transaction Flags leads to arbitrary package installation as root
Summary
PackageKit is a a D-Bus abstraction layer that allows the user to manage packages in a secure way using a cross-distro, cross-architecture API. PackageKit between and including versions 1.0.2 and 1.3.4 is vulnerable to a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition on transaction flags that allows unprivileged users to install packages as root and thus leads to a local privilege escalation. This is patched in version 1.3.5.
A local unprivileged user can install arbitrary RPM packages as root, including executing RPM scriptlets, without authentication. The vulnerability is a TOCTOU race condition on `transaction->cached_transaction_flags` combined with a silent state-machine guard that discards illegal backward transitions while leaving corrupted flags in place. Three bugs exist in `src/pk-transaction.c`:
1. Unconditional flag overwrite (line 4036): `InstallFiles()` writes caller-supplied flags to `transaction->cached_transaction_flags` without checking whether the transaction has already been authorized/started. A second call blindly overwrites the flags even while the transaction is RUNNING.
2. Silent state-transition rejection (lines 873–882): `pk_transaction_set_state()` silently discards backward state transitions (e.g. `RUNNING` → `WAITING_FOR_AUTH`) but the flag overwrite at step 1 already happened. The transaction continues running with corrupted flags.
3. Late flag read at execution time (lines 2273–2277): The scheduler's idle callback reads cached_transaction_flags at dispatch time, not at authorization time. If flags were overwritten between authorization and execution, the backend sees the attacker's flags.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-05 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
22 references
Impacted products
19 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PackageKit | PackageKit |
Affected:
>= 1.0.2, <= 1.3.4
|
guessed | |
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.8-8.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.8-8.el10_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.10-2.el7_9.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-8.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_4.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_4.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.6-2.el9_7 , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: 0:1.2.6-2.el9_8 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.4-2.el9_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.4-2.el9_2.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.6-1.el9_4.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.6-1.el9_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
|
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},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/22/6\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-04-22T17:21:17.120Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2026-41651\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-05-05T19:37:17.130392Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-04-22T18:36:20.126Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"PackageKit vulnerable to TOCTOU Race on Transaction Flags leads to arbitrary package installation as root\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-f55j-vvr9-69xv\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"CHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 8.8, \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"PackageKit\", \"product\": \"PackageKit\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003e= 1.0.2, \u003c= 1.3.4\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/security/advisories/GHSA-f55j-vvr9-69xv\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/security/advisories/GHSA-f55j-vvr9-69xv\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L2273-L2277\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L2273-L2277\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L4036\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L4036\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L873-L882\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L873-L882\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.security.telekom.com/2026/04/pack2theroot-linux-local-privilege-escalation.html\", \"name\": \"https://github.security.telekom.com/2026/04/pack2theroot-linux-local-privilege-escalation.html\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"PackageKit is a a D-Bus abstraction layer that allows the user to manage packages in a secure way using a cross-distro, cross-architecture API. PackageKit between and including versions 1.0.2 and 1.3.4 is vulnerable to a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition on transaction flags that allows unprivileged users to install packages as root and thus leads to a local privilege escalation. This is patched in version 1.3.5.\\n\\nA local unprivileged user can install arbitrary RPM packages as root, including executing RPM scriptlets, without authentication. The vulnerability is a TOCTOU race condition on `transaction-\u003ecached_transaction_flags` combined with a silent state-machine guard that discards illegal backward transitions while leaving corrupted flags in place. Three bugs exist in `src/pk-transaction.c`:\\n1. Unconditional flag overwrite (line 4036): `InstallFiles()` writes caller-supplied flags to `transaction-\u003ecached_transaction_flags` without checking whether the transaction has already been authorized/started. A second call blindly overwrites the flags even while the transaction is RUNNING.\\n2. Silent state-transition rejection (lines 873\\u2013882): `pk_transaction_set_state()` silently discards backward state transitions (e.g. `RUNNING` \\u2192 `WAITING_FOR_AUTH`) but the flag overwrite at step 1 already happened. The transaction continues running with corrupted flags.\\n3. Late flag read at execution time (lines 2273\\u20132277): The scheduler\u0027s idle callback reads cached_transaction_flags at dispatch time, not at authorization time. If flags were overwritten between authorization and execution, the backend sees the attacker\u0027s flags.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-367\", \"description\": \"CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-04-22T13:11:40.174Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-41651\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-06T03:56:11.620Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-04-21T23:58:43.802Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-04-22T13:11:40.174Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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