Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-12520 (GCVE-0-2026-12520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 19:41 – Updated: 2026-08-19 13:08

Title

Stack buffer overflow and off-by-one writes in Zephyr HL7800 modem AT response handlers

Summary

The Sierra Wireless HL7800 cellular modem driver (drivers/modem/vendor_standalone/hl7800.c, located at drivers/modem/hl7800.c in v4.4.0 and earlier) parses AT responses with roughly twenty handlers that call net_buf_linearize(value, sizeof(value), *buf, 0, len) into a 128-byte stack buffer and then write value[out_len] = 0. Because net_buf_linearize() (lib/net_buf/buf.c) can return a count equal to its destination-length argument, a field that exactly fills the buffer makes the terminating NUL land one byte past the end, a single-byte out-of-bounds write into adjacent stack memory. The +KCELLMEAS cell-measurement handler on_cmd_atcmdinfo_rssi() is worse: it passed the wire length len as the destination size (net_buf_linearize(value, len, *buf, 0, len)), so a response line longer than 128 bytes overflows the value stack buffer with attacker-influenceable content. The line length comes from net_buf_findcrlf(), which accumulates bytes across the whole net_buf fragment chain and is not bounded to 128, so an over-long line reaches the defect. The data originates from the cellular modem over UART, driven by the network: operator-scan results, +CGCONTRDP IP/DNS info, socket indications, and +KCELLMEAS neighbour-cell reports. An attacker able to shape what the modem emits — a rogue base station, a compromised modem baseband, or a remote peer feeding oversized response framing — can drive a line past 128 bytes. The handlers run in the driver's RX thread in kernel context, so the corruption is kernel-side. The +KCELLMEAS path is a full stack buffer overflow whose worst case is code execution in kernel context and whose floor is a reliable crash; the remaining sites are single-byte NUL out-of-bounds writes. Exploitation requires the modem to emit an over-long AT response line, giving high attack complexity over an adjacent (cellular radio) vector. The fix passes sizeof(dst) - 1 (and correct explicit bounds for the IMSI and +KCELLMEAS sites) so the terminator always stays in bounds.

Severity

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-19 13:08 UTC

CWE

CWE-787 - memory-safety

Assigner

zephyr mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/comm…	patch
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/secu…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
zephyrproject	zephyr	Affected: 2.4.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver)	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-12520

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-08-18 20:17 - Updated: 2026-08-19 13:17

Severity

6.4 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org	https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/ea91f9375677aa4268e4044e096902dbe789f101
	vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org	https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-9xc4-j5x8-v6jx

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/modem/vendor_standalone/hl7800.c"
          ],
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          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.4.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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    }
  ],
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    }
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}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-12520 (GCVE-0-2026-12520)

FKIE_CVE-2026-12520

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature