Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-48042 (GCVE-0-2025-48042)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-07 16:01 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:14

Title

Before action hooks may execute in certain scenarios despite a request being forbidden

Summary

Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in ash-project ash allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex, lib/ash/actions/destroy/bulk.ex, lib/ash/actions/update/bulk.ex and program routines 'Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk':run/5, 'Elixir.Ash.Actions.Destroy.Bulk':run/6, 'Elixir.Ash.Actions.Update.Bulk:run'/6. This issue affects ash: from 0.1.0 before 3.5.39.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-09-08 18:54 UTC

CWE

CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization

Assigner

EEF mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advis…	vendor-advisoryrelated
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48042.html	related
https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48042	related
https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/5d1b6a5…	patch

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
ash-project	ash	Affected: 0.1.0 , < 3.5.39 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash::::::::
ash-project	ash	Affected: 4c41344126b0aba09ec3085517000f8aefec299e , < 5d1b6a5d00771fd468a509778637527b5218be9a (git) cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash::::::::

Credits

Zach Daniel Jonatan Männchen / EEF

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in ash-project ash allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.\u003cp\u003e This vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ctt\u003elib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003elib/ash/actions/destroy/bulk.ex\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003elib/ash/actions/update/bulk.ex\u003c/tt\u003e and program routines \u003ctt\u003e\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk\u0027:run/5\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003e\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Destroy.Bulk\u0027:run/6\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003e\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Update.Bulk\u0027:run/6\u003c/tt\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects ash: from 0.1.0 before 3.5.39.\u003c/p\u003e"
                }
              ],
              "value": "Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in ash-project ash allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex, lib/ash/actions/destroy/bulk.ex, lib/ash/actions/update/bulk.ex and program routines \u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk\u0027:run/5, \u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Destroy.Bulk\u0027:run/6, \u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Update.Bulk:run\u0027/6.\n\nThis issue affects ash: from 0.1.0 before 3.5.39."
            }
          ],
          "impacts": [
            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-180",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CAPEC-180 Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 7.1,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-863",
                  "description": "CWE-863 Incorrect Authorization",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-07-24T14:14:03.285Z",
            "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "shortName": "EEF"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory",
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-jj4j-x5ww-cwh9"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48042.html"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48042"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/5d1b6a5d00771fd468a509778637527b5218be9a"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
          },
          "title": "Before action hooks may execute in certain scenarios despite a request being forbidden",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "assignerShortName": "EEF",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-48042",
        "datePublished": "2025-09-07T16:01:01.470Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-05-15T08:40:25.455Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-24T14:14:03.285Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-48042

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-09-07 16:15 - Updated: 2026-07-24 15:17

Severity

7.1 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48042.html
	6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/5d1b6a5d00771fd468a509778637527b5218be9a
	6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-jj4j-x5ww-cwh9
	6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48042

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "ash",
          "packageURL": "pkg:hex/ash",
          "product": "ash",
          "programFiles": [
            "lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex",
            "lib/ash/actions/destroy/bulk.ex",
            "lib/ash/actions/update/bulk.ex"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk\u0027:run/5"
            },
            {
              "name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Destroy.Bulk\u0027:run/6"
            },
            {
              "name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Update.Bulk\u0027:run/6"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash",
          "vendor": "ash-project",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "3.5.39",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0.1.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "ash-project/ash",
          "packageURL": "pkg:github/ash-project/ash",
          "product": "ash",
          "programFiles": [
            "lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex",
            "lib/ash/actions/destroy/bulk.ex",
            "lib/ash/actions/update/bulk.ex"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk\u0027:run/5"
            },
            {
              "name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Destroy.Bulk\u0027:run/6"
            },
            {
              "name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Update.Bulk\u0027:run/6"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash",
          "vendor": "ash-project",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "5d1b6a5d00771fd468a509778637527b5218be9a",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4c41344126b0aba09ec3085517000f8aefec299e",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in ash-project ash allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex, lib/ash/actions/destroy/bulk.ex, lib/ash/actions/update/bulk.ex and program routines \u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk\u0027:run/5, \u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Destroy.Bulk\u0027:run/6, \u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Update.Bulk:run\u0027/6.\n\nThis issue affects ash: from 0.1.0 before 3.5.39."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-48042",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-24T15:17:06.920",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 7.1,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-48042",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-09-08T18:54:54.599381Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-09-07T16:15:51.240",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48042.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/5d1b6a5d00771fd468a509778637527b5218be9a"
    },
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-jj4j-x5ww-cwh9"
    },
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48042"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-863"
        }
      ],
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJ4J-X5WW-CWH9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-15 16:28 – Updated: 2026-04-06 23:15

Summary

Before action, Ash's hooks may execute in certain scenarios despite a request being forbidden

Details

Summary

Certain bulk action calls with a before_transaction hook and no after_transaction hook, will call the before_transaction hook before authorization is checked and a Forbidden error is returned, when called as a bulk action.

The impact is that a malicious user could cause a before_transaction to run even though they are not authorized to perform the whole action. The before_action could run a sensitive/expensive operation.

Impact

A malicious user could cause a before_action to run even though they are not authorized to perform the whole action.

You are affected if you have an create, update or destroy action that:

has a before_transaction hook on it, and no after_transaction hook on it.
is being used via an Ash.bulk_* callback (which AshJsonApi and AshGraphql do for update/destroy actions)

Whether or not or how much it matters depends on the nature of those before_transaction callbacks. If those before_transaction callbacks are side-effectful, or just doing something like looking up some external data. If your API endpoints are behind authentication and what kind.

Severity

The severity for this was hard to gauge. before_transaction hooks are not that commonly used. Additionally, any attacker must know which of these things are available to them, be authenticated to make such a request (i.e you very rarely have policies preventing the running of anonymous queries), so privileges and inside knowledge are required. Additionally, the action will always return a forbidden error, so no information is revealed. We will evaluate and adjust the severity in the next few days as needed.

It is currently marked as High, given that we really don't know what logic folks are putting in their before_transaction hooks and it could theoretically be very bad.

Workarounds

You should update ASAP, but if for whatever reason you cannot update, you can add logic to those before_transaction hooks to prevent them from doing their logic before they should.

Severity

5.6 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

7.1 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.5.38"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Hex",
        "name": "ash"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.5.39"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48042"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-15T16:28:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-07T16:15:51Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nCertain bulk action calls with a `before_transaction` hook and no `after_transaction` hook, will call the `before_transaction` hook before authorization is checked and a Forbidden error is returned, when called as a bulk action.\n\nThe impact is that a malicious user could cause a `before_transaction` to run even though they are not authorized to perform the whole action. The `before_action` could run a sensitive/expensive operation.\n\n### Impact\nA malicious user could cause a `before_action` to run even though they are not authorized to perform the whole action.\n\nYou are affected if you have an create, update or destroy action that:\n\n- has a before_transaction hook on it, and no after_transaction hook on it.\n- is being used via an `Ash.bulk_*` callback (which AshJsonApi and AshGraphql do for update/destroy actions)\n\nWhether or not or how much it matters depends on the nature of those before_transaction callbacks. If those before_transaction callbacks are side-effectful, or just doing something like looking up some external data. If your API endpoints are behind authentication and what kind. \n\n### Severity\n\nThe severity for this was hard to gauge. `before_transaction` hooks are not that commonly used. Additionally, any attacker must know which of these things are available to them, be authenticated to make such a request (i.e you very rarely have policies preventing the running of anonymous queries), so privileges and inside knowledge are required. Additionally, the action will always return a `forbidden` error, so no information is revealed. We will evaluate and adjust the severity in the next few days as needed.\n\nIt is currently marked as High, given that we really don\u0027t know what logic folks are putting in their before_transaction hooks and it could theoretically be very bad.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nYou should update ASAP, but if for whatever reason you cannot update, you can add logic to those before_transaction hooks to prevent them from doing their logic before they should.",
  "id": "GHSA-jj4j-x5ww-cwh9",
  "modified": "2026-04-06T23:15:03Z",
  "published": "2025-09-15T16:28:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-jj4j-x5ww-cwh9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/5d1b6a5d00771fd468a509778637527b5218be9a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48042.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48042"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Before action, Ash\u0027s hooks may execute in certain scenarios despite a request being forbidden"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-48042 (GCVE-0-2025-48042)

FKIE_CVE-2025-48042

GHSA-JJ4J-X5WW-CWH9

Summary

Impact

Severity

Workarounds

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour