CVE-2025-41259 (GCVE-0-2025-41259)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-03 11:01 – Updated: 2026-06-03 12:37
VLAI
Title
SWUpdate Untrusted Script Execution via Signed Update TOCTOU
Summary
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
sbabic SWUpdate Affected: 0 , < 2026.05 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Reinhard Kugler (SBA Research)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-41259",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-03T12:36:39.603308Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-03T12:37:01.661Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_Signed_Update_TOCTOU"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "SWUpdate",
          "repo": "https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate",
          "vendor": "sbabic",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2026.05",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Reinhard Kugler (SBA Research)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update."
            }
          ],
          "value": "SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 7.3,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-367",
              "description": "CWE-367 Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-03T11:01:59.871Z",
        "orgId": "1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a",
        "shortName": "sba-research"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_Signed_Update_TOCTOU"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate/commit/f4bd64260e233e207354d68d572b1cbc3e63689d"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "SBA-ADV-20251206-01",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "SWUpdate Untrusted Script Execution via Signed Update TOCTOU",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a",
    "assignerShortName": "sba-research",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-41259",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-03T11:01:59.871Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T09:37:50.631Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-03T12:37:01.661Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-41259\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a\",\"published\":\"2026-06-03T13:16:18.967\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-03T14:16:30.973\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":7.3,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"PRESENT\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-367\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate\",\"source\":\"1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate/commit/f4bd64260e233e207354d68d572b1cbc3e63689d\",\"source\":\"1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_Signed_Update_TOCTOU\",\"source\":\"1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_Signed_Update_TOCTOU\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\"}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-41259\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"poc\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-03T12:36:39.603308Z\"}}}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_Signed_Update_TOCTOU\", \"tags\": [\"exploit\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-03T12:36:58.420Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"SWUpdate Untrusted Script Execution via Signed Update TOCTOU\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"SBA-ADV-20251206-01\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"finder\", \"value\": \"Reinhard Kugler (SBA Research)\"}], \"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV4_0\": {\"Safety\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"version\": \"4.0\", \"Recovery\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"baseScore\": 7.3, \"Automatable\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"valueDensity\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N\", \"exploitMaturity\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"providerUrgency\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackRequirements\": \"PRESENT\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\": \"NOT_DEFINED\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate\", \"vendor\": \"sbabic\", \"product\": \"SWUpdate\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"2026.05\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_Signed_Update_TOCTOU\", \"tags\": [\"third-party-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate/commit/f4bd64260e233e207354d68d572b1cbc3e63689d\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate\", \"tags\": [\"product\"]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"Vulnogram 1.0.2\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-367\", \"description\": \"CWE-367 Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a\", \"shortName\": \"sba-research\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-03T11:01:59.871Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-41259\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-03T12:37:01.661Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T09:37:50.631Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"1e3a9e0f-5156-4bf8-b8a3-cc311bfc0f4a\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-06-03T11:01:59.871Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"sba-research\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.