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CVE-2025-21692 (GCVE-0-2025-21692)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-10 15:58 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:53
VLAI
Title
net: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing Haowei Yan <g1042620637@gmail.com> found that ets_class_from_arg() can index an Out-Of-Bound class in ets_class_from_arg() when passed clid of 0. The overflow may cause local privilege escalation. [ 18.852298] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 18.853271] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_ets.c:93:20 [ 18.853743] index 18446744073709551615 is out of range for type 'ets_class [16]' [ 18.854254] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1275 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.12.6-dirty #17 [ 18.854821] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014 [ 18.856532] Call Trace: [ 18.857441] <TASK> [ 18.858227] dump_stack_lvl+0xc2/0xf0 [ 18.859607] dump_stack+0x10/0x20 [ 18.860908] __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xa7/0xf0 [ 18.864022] ets_class_change+0x3d6/0x3f0 [ 18.864322] tc_ctl_tclass+0x251/0x910 [ 18.864587] ? lock_acquire+0x5e/0x140 [ 18.865113] ? __mutex_lock+0x9c/0xe70 [ 18.866009] ? __mutex_lock+0xa34/0xe70 [ 18.866401] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x170/0x6f0 [ 18.866806] ? __lock_acquire+0x578/0xc10 [ 18.867184] ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10 [ 18.867503] netlink_rcv_skb+0x59/0x110 [ 18.867776] rtnetlink_rcv+0x15/0x30 [ 18.868159] netlink_unicast+0x1c3/0x2b0 [ 18.868440] netlink_sendmsg+0x239/0x4b0 [ 18.868721] ____sys_sendmsg+0x3e2/0x410 [ 18.869012] ___sys_sendmsg+0x88/0xe0 [ 18.869276] ? rseq_ip_fixup+0x198/0x260 [ 18.869563] ? rseq_update_cpu_node_id+0x10a/0x190 [ 18.869900] ? trace_hardirqs_off+0x5a/0xd0 [ 18.870196] ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xcc/0x220 [ 18.870547] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150 [ 18.870821] ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x69/0x290 [ 18.871157] __sys_sendmsg+0x69/0xd0 [ 18.871416] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1d/0x30 [ 18.871699] x64_sys_call+0x9e2/0x2670 [ 18.871979] do_syscall_64+0x87/0x150 [ 18.873280] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150 [ 18.874742] ? lock_release+0x7b/0x160 [ 18.876157] ? do_user_addr_fault+0x5ce/0x8f0 [ 18.877833] ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xc2/0x210 [ 18.879608] ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0 [ 18.879808] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70 [ 18.880023] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70 [ 18.880223] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70 [ 18.880426] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [ 18.880683] RIP: 0033:0x44a957 [ 18.880851] Code: ff ff e8 fc 00 00 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 8974 24 10 [ 18.881766] RSP: 002b:00007ffcdd00fad8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e [ 18.882149] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffcdd010db8 RCX: 000000000044a957 [ 18.882507] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcdd00fb70 RDI: 0000000000000003 [ 18.885037] RBP: 00007ffcdd010bc0 R08: 000000000703c770 R09: 000000000703c7c0 [ 18.887203] R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001 [ 18.888026] R13: 00007ffcdd010da8 R14: 00000000004ca7d0 R15: 0000000000000001 [ 18.888395] </TASK> [ 18.888610] ---[ end trace ]---
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-01 19:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 , < 03c56665dab1f4ac844bc156652d50d639093fa5 (git)
Affected: dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 , < bcf0d815e728a3a304b50455b32a3170c16e1eaa (git)
Affected: dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 , < 1332c6ed446be787f901ed1064ec6a3c694f028a (git)
Affected: dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 , < f4168299e553f17aa2ba4016e77a9c38da40eb1d (git)
Affected: dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 , < 997f6ec4208b23c87daf9f044689685f091826f7 (git)
Affected: dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 , < f6b0f05fbfa4044f890e8a348288c0d9a20bd1d0 (git)
Affected: dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 , < d62b04fca4340a0d468d7853bd66e511935a18cb (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.6
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.6 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.234 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.178 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.128 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.75 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.12 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.1 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P Affected: 0 , < V3.2 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family Affected: 0 , < V3.2 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XCM-/XRM-/XCH-/XRH-300 family Affected: 0 , < V3.2 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing\n\nHaowei Yan \u003cg1042620637@gmail.com\u003e found that ets_class_from_arg() can\nindex an Out-Of-Bound class in ets_class_from_arg() when passed clid of\n0. The overflow may cause local privilege escalation.\n\n [   18.852298] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n [   18.853271] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_ets.c:93:20\n [   18.853743] index 18446744073709551615 is out of range for type \u0027ets_class [16]\u0027\n [   18.854254] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1275 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.12.6-dirty #17\n [   18.854821] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014\n [   18.856532] Call Trace:\n [   18.857441]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n [   18.858227]  dump_stack_lvl+0xc2/0xf0\n [   18.859607]  dump_stack+0x10/0x20\n [   18.860908]  __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xa7/0xf0\n [   18.864022]  ets_class_change+0x3d6/0x3f0\n [   18.864322]  tc_ctl_tclass+0x251/0x910\n [   18.864587]  ? lock_acquire+0x5e/0x140\n [   18.865113]  ? __mutex_lock+0x9c/0xe70\n [   18.866009]  ? __mutex_lock+0xa34/0xe70\n [   18.866401]  rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x170/0x6f0\n [   18.866806]  ? __lock_acquire+0x578/0xc10\n [   18.867184]  ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10\n [   18.867503]  netlink_rcv_skb+0x59/0x110\n [   18.867776]  rtnetlink_rcv+0x15/0x30\n [   18.868159]  netlink_unicast+0x1c3/0x2b0\n [   18.868440]  netlink_sendmsg+0x239/0x4b0\n [   18.868721]  ____sys_sendmsg+0x3e2/0x410\n [   18.869012]  ___sys_sendmsg+0x88/0xe0\n [   18.869276]  ? rseq_ip_fixup+0x198/0x260\n [   18.869563]  ? rseq_update_cpu_node_id+0x10a/0x190\n [   18.869900]  ? trace_hardirqs_off+0x5a/0xd0\n [   18.870196]  ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xcc/0x220\n [   18.870547]  ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\n [   18.870821]  ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x69/0x290\n [   18.871157]  __sys_sendmsg+0x69/0xd0\n [   18.871416]  __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1d/0x30\n [   18.871699]  x64_sys_call+0x9e2/0x2670\n [   18.871979]  do_syscall_64+0x87/0x150\n [   18.873280]  ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\n [   18.874742]  ? lock_release+0x7b/0x160\n [   18.876157]  ? do_user_addr_fault+0x5ce/0x8f0\n [   18.877833]  ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xc2/0x210\n [   18.879608]  ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0\n [   18.879808]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\n [   18.880023]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\n [   18.880223]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\n [   18.880426]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n [   18.880683] RIP: 0033:0x44a957\n [   18.880851] Code: ff ff e8 fc 00 00 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 8974 24 10\n [   18.881766] RSP: 002b:00007ffcdd00fad8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e\n [   18.882149] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffcdd010db8 RCX: 000000000044a957\n [   18.882507] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcdd00fb70 RDI: 0000000000000003\n [   18.885037] RBP: 00007ffcdd010bc0 R08: 000000000703c770 R09: 000000000703c7c0\n [   18.887203] R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001\n [   18.888026] R13: 00007ffcdd010da8 R14: 00000000004ca7d0 R15: 0000000000000001\n [   18.888395]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n [   18.888610] ---[ end trace ]---"
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the rtnetlink/tc interface via the sendmsg() syscall (netlink_sendmsg \u2192 rtnetlink_rcv_msg \u2192 tc_ctl_tclass \u2192 ets_class_change), which requires local system access, not network reachability.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the trigger by sending an RTM_NEWTCLASS message with a minor-0 handle (arg=0) and a chosen quantum; the OOB write occurs deterministically at a fixed offset with no race or uncontrollable precondition.\nPR:L - Configuring the ETS qdisc and tclass requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but this is obtainable by any unprivileged user via an unprivileged user namespace (unshare -Urn) which grants CAP_NET_ADMIN over the new netns containing a usable lo device.\nUI:N - The entire sequence is performed by the attacker\u0027s own process via netlink syscalls; no action from any other user is required.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds access and resulting corruption are confined to the kernel\u0027s own memory/security authority, a standard local privilege-escalation scenario with no crossing of a security scope boundary.\nC:H - The negative-index pointer feeds both read paths (dump/dump_stats leaking memory adjacent to the qdisc) and a corruption primitive; per kernel guidance an OOB access leveraged toward LPE yields arbitrary-read potential, so Confidentiality is High.\nI:H - cl-\u003equantum = quantum performs a controlled out-of-bounds write into q-\u003eactive.prev, corrupting a kernel list pointer into a write-what-where primitive; the fix author explicitly notes this may cause local privilege escalation, giving High integrity impact.\nA:H - The corrupted list_head pointer is dereferenced and written during subsequent packet enqueue/dequeue, causing memory corruption and kernel panic/oops, a High availability impact."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:38.753Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/03c56665dab1f4ac844bc156652d50d639093fa5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcf0d815e728a3a304b50455b32a3170c16e1eaa"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1332c6ed446be787f901ed1064ec6a3c694f028a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4168299e553f17aa2ba4016e77a9c38da40eb1d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/997f6ec4208b23c87daf9f044689685f091826f7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f6b0f05fbfa4044f890e8a348288c0d9a20bd1d0"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d62b04fca4340a0d468d7853bd66e511935a18cb"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21692",
    "datePublished": "2025-02-10T15:58:48.087Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.742Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:38.753Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21692",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "epss": "0.00623",
      "percentile": "0.48233"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-21692\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-02-10T16:15:38.763\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T08:44:02.260\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing\\n\\nHaowei Yan \u003cg1042620637@gmail.com\u003e found that ets_class_from_arg() can\\nindex an Out-Of-Bound class in ets_class_from_arg() when passed clid of\\n0. The overflow may cause local privilege escalation.\\n\\n [   18.852298] ------------[ cut here ]------------\\n [   18.853271] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_ets.c:93:20\\n [   18.853743] index 18446744073709551615 is out of range for type \u0027ets_class [16]\u0027\\n [   18.854254] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1275 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.12.6-dirty #17\\n [   18.854821] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014\\n [   18.856532] Call Trace:\\n [   18.857441]  \u003cTASK\u003e\\n [   18.858227]  dump_stack_lvl+0xc2/0xf0\\n [   18.859607]  dump_stack+0x10/0x20\\n [   18.860908]  __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xa7/0xf0\\n [   18.864022]  ets_class_change+0x3d6/0x3f0\\n [   18.864322]  tc_ctl_tclass+0x251/0x910\\n [   18.864587]  ? lock_acquire+0x5e/0x140\\n [   18.865113]  ? __mutex_lock+0x9c/0xe70\\n [   18.866009]  ? __mutex_lock+0xa34/0xe70\\n [   18.866401]  rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x170/0x6f0\\n [   18.866806]  ? __lock_acquire+0x578/0xc10\\n [   18.867184]  ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10\\n [   18.867503]  netlink_rcv_skb+0x59/0x110\\n [   18.867776]  rtnetlink_rcv+0x15/0x30\\n [   18.868159]  netlink_unicast+0x1c3/0x2b0\\n [   18.868440]  netlink_sendmsg+0x239/0x4b0\\n [   18.868721]  ____sys_sendmsg+0x3e2/0x410\\n [   18.869012]  ___sys_sendmsg+0x88/0xe0\\n [   18.869276]  ? rseq_ip_fixup+0x198/0x260\\n [   18.869563]  ? rseq_update_cpu_node_id+0x10a/0x190\\n [   18.869900]  ? trace_hardirqs_off+0x5a/0xd0\\n [   18.870196]  ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xcc/0x220\\n [   18.870547]  ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\\n [   18.870821]  ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x69/0x290\\n [   18.871157]  __sys_sendmsg+0x69/0xd0\\n [   18.871416]  __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1d/0x30\\n [   18.871699]  x64_sys_call+0x9e2/0x2670\\n [   18.871979]  do_syscall_64+0x87/0x150\\n [   18.873280]  ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\\n [   18.874742]  ? lock_release+0x7b/0x160\\n [   18.876157]  ? do_user_addr_fault+0x5ce/0x8f0\\n [   18.877833]  ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xc2/0x210\\n [   18.879608]  ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0\\n [   18.879808]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\\n [   18.880023]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\\n [   18.880223]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\\n [   18.880426]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\\n [   18.880683] RIP: 0033:0x44a957\\n [   18.880851] Code: ff ff e8 fc 00 00 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 8974 24 10\\n [   18.881766] RSP: 002b:00007ffcdd00fad8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e\\n [   18.882149] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffcdd010db8 RCX: 000000000044a957\\n [   18.882507] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcdd00fb70 RDI: 0000000000000003\\n [   18.885037] RBP: 00007ffcdd010bc0 R08: 000000000703c770 R09: 000000000703c7c0\\n [   18.887203] R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001\\n [   18.888026] R13: 00007ffcdd010da8 R14: 00000000004ca7d0 R15: 0000000000000001\\n [   18.888395]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\\n [   18.888610] ---[ end trace ]---\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing Haowei Yan  descubri\u00f3 que ets_class_from_arg() puede indexar una clase fuera de los l\u00edmites en ets_class_from_arg() cuando se le pasa un clid de 0. El desbordamiento puede provocar una escalada de privilegios locales. [ 18.852298] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 18.853271] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_ets.c:93:20 [ 18.853743] index 18446744073709551615 is out of range for type \u0027ets_class [16]\u0027 [ 18.854254] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1275 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.12.6-dirty #17 [ 18.854821] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014 [ 18.856532] Call Trace: [ 18.857441]  [ 18.858227] dump_stack_lvl+0xc2/0xf0 [ 18.859607] dump_stack+0x10/0x20 [ 18.860908] __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xa7/0xf0 [ 18.864022] ets_class_change+0x3d6/0x3f0 [ 18.864322] tc_ctl_tclass+0x251/0x910 [ 18.864587] ? lock_acquire+0x5e/0x140 [ 18.865113] ? __mutex_lock+0x9c/0xe70 [ 18.866009] ? __mutex_lock+0xa34/0xe70 [ 18.866401] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x170/0x6f0 [ 18.866806] ? __lock_acquire+0x578/0xc10 [ 18.867184] ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10 [ 18.867503] netlink_rcv_skb+0x59/0x110 [ 18.867776] rtnetlink_rcv+0x15/0x30 [ 18.868159] netlink_unicast+0x1c3/0x2b0 [ 18.868440] netlink_sendmsg+0x239/0x4b0 [ 18.868721] ____sys_sendmsg+0x3e2/0x410 [ 18.869012] ___sys_sendmsg+0x88/0xe0 [ 18.869276] ? rseq_ip_fixup+0x198/0x260 [ 18.869563] ? rseq_update_cpu_node_id+0x10a/0x190 [ 18.869900] ? trace_hardirqs_off+0x5a/0xd0 [ 18.870196] ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xcc/0x220 [ 18.870547] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150 [ 18.870821] ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x69/0x290 [ 18.871157] __sys_sendmsg+0x69/0xd0 [ 18.871416] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1d/0x30 [ 18.871699] x64_sys_call+0x9e2/0x2670 [ 18.871979] do_syscall_64+0x87/0x150 [ 18.873280] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150 [ 18.874742] ? lock_release+0x7b/0x160 [ 18.876157] ? do_user_addr_fault+0x5ce/0x8f0 [ 18.877833] ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xc2/0x210 [ 18.879608] ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0 [ 18.879808] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70 [ 18.880023] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70 [ 18.880223] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70 [ 18.880426] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [ 18.880683] RIP: 0033:0x44a957 [ 18.880851] Code: ff ff e8 fc 00 00 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 \u0026lt;48\u0026gt; 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 8974 24 10 [ 18.881766] RSP: 002b:00007ffcdd00fad8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e [ 18.882149] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffcdd010db8 RCX: 000000000044a957 [ 18.882507] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcdd00fb70 RDI: 0000000000000003 [ 18.885037] RBP: 00007ffcdd010bc0 R08: 000000000703c770 R09: 000000000703c7c0 [ 18.887203] R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001 [ 18.888026] R13: 00007ffcdd010da8 R14: 00000000004ca7d0 R15: 0000000000000001 [ 18.888395]  [ 18.888610] ---[ end trace ]---\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/sched/sch_ets.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\",\"lessThan\":\"03c56665dab1f4ac844bc156652d50d639093fa5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\",\"lessThan\":\"bcf0d815e728a3a304b50455b32a3170c16e1eaa\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\",\"lessThan\":\"1332c6ed446be787f901ed1064ec6a3c694f028a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\",\"lessThan\":\"f4168299e553f17aa2ba4016e77a9c38da40eb1d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\",\"lessThan\":\"997f6ec4208b23c87daf9f044689685f091826f7\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\",\"lessThan\":\"f6b0f05fbfa4044f890e8a348288c0d9a20bd1d0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\",\"lessThan\":\"d62b04fca4340a0d468d7853bd66e511935a18cb\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/sched/sch_ets.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.6\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.6\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.234\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.178\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.128\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.75\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.12\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"RUGGEDCOM 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      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21692.json",
      "version": "3"
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      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-21692",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-21692.json",
      "version": "74"
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the OOB write occurs deterministically at a fixed offset with no race or uncontrollable precondition.\\nPR:L - Configuring the ETS qdisc and tclass requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but this is obtainable by any unprivileged user via an unprivileged user namespace (unshare -Urn) which grants CAP_NET_ADMIN over the new netns containing a usable lo device.\\nUI:N - The entire sequence is performed by the attacker\u0027s own process via netlink syscalls; no action from any other user is required.\\nS:U - The out-of-bounds access and resulting corruption are confined to the kernel\u0027s own memory/security authority, a standard local privilege-escalation scenario with no crossing of a security scope boundary.\\nC:H - The negative-index pointer feeds both read paths (dump/dump_stats leaking memory adjacent to the qdisc) and a corruption primitive; per kernel guidance an OOB access leveraged toward LPE yields arbitrary-read potential, so Confidentiality is High.\\nI:H - cl-\u003equantum = quantum performs a controlled out-of-bounds write into q-\u003eactive.prev, corrupting a kernel list pointer into a write-what-where primitive; the fix author explicitly notes this may cause local privilege escalation, giving High integrity impact.\\nA:H - The corrupted list_head pointer is dereferenced and written during subsequent packet enqueue/dequeue, causing memory corruption and kernel panic/oops, a High availability impact.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\", \"lessThan\": \"03c56665dab1f4ac844bc156652d50d639093fa5\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\", \"lessThan\": \"bcf0d815e728a3a304b50455b32a3170c16e1eaa\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\", \"lessThan\": \"1332c6ed446be787f901ed1064ec6a3c694f028a\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\", \"lessThan\": \"f4168299e553f17aa2ba4016e77a9c38da40eb1d\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\", \"lessThan\": \"997f6ec4208b23c87daf9f044689685f091826f7\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\", \"lessThan\": \"f6b0f05fbfa4044f890e8a348288c0d9a20bd1d0\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33\", \"lessThan\": \"d62b04fca4340a0d468d7853bd66e511935a18cb\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/sched/sch_ets.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.6\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.6\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.234\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.178\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.128\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.75\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.12\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.13.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.14\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/sched/sch_ets.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/03c56665dab1f4ac844bc156652d50d639093fa5\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcf0d815e728a3a304b50455b32a3170c16e1eaa\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1332c6ed446be787f901ed1064ec6a3c694f028a\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4168299e553f17aa2ba4016e77a9c38da40eb1d\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/997f6ec4208b23c87daf9f044689685f091826f7\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f6b0f05fbfa4044f890e8a348288c0d9a20bd1d0\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d62b04fca4340a0d468d7853bd66e511935a18cb\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing\\n\\nHaowei Yan \u003cg1042620637@gmail.com\u003e found that ets_class_from_arg() can\\nindex an Out-Of-Bound class in ets_class_from_arg() when passed clid of\\n0. The overflow may cause local privilege escalation.\\n\\n [   18.852298] ------------[ cut here ]------------\\n [   18.853271] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_ets.c:93:20\\n [   18.853743] index 18446744073709551615 is out of range for type \u0027ets_class [16]\u0027\\n [   18.854254] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1275 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.12.6-dirty #17\\n [   18.854821] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014\\n [   18.856532] Call Trace:\\n [   18.857441]  \u003cTASK\u003e\\n [   18.858227]  dump_stack_lvl+0xc2/0xf0\\n [   18.859607]  dump_stack+0x10/0x20\\n [   18.860908]  __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xa7/0xf0\\n [   18.864022]  ets_class_change+0x3d6/0x3f0\\n [   18.864322]  tc_ctl_tclass+0x251/0x910\\n [   18.864587]  ? lock_acquire+0x5e/0x140\\n [   18.865113]  ? __mutex_lock+0x9c/0xe70\\n [   18.866009]  ? __mutex_lock+0xa34/0xe70\\n [   18.866401]  rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x170/0x6f0\\n [   18.866806]  ? __lock_acquire+0x578/0xc10\\n [   18.867184]  ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10\\n [   18.867503]  netlink_rcv_skb+0x59/0x110\\n [   18.867776]  rtnetlink_rcv+0x15/0x30\\n [   18.868159]  netlink_unicast+0x1c3/0x2b0\\n [   18.868440]  netlink_sendmsg+0x239/0x4b0\\n [   18.868721]  ____sys_sendmsg+0x3e2/0x410\\n [   18.869012]  ___sys_sendmsg+0x88/0xe0\\n [   18.869276]  ? rseq_ip_fixup+0x198/0x260\\n [   18.869563]  ? rseq_update_cpu_node_id+0x10a/0x190\\n [   18.869900]  ? trace_hardirqs_off+0x5a/0xd0\\n [   18.870196]  ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xcc/0x220\\n [   18.870547]  ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\\n [   18.870821]  ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x69/0x290\\n [   18.871157]  __sys_sendmsg+0x69/0xd0\\n [   18.871416]  __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1d/0x30\\n [   18.871699]  x64_sys_call+0x9e2/0x2670\\n [   18.871979]  do_syscall_64+0x87/0x150\\n [   18.873280]  ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\\n [   18.874742]  ? lock_release+0x7b/0x160\\n [   18.876157]  ? do_user_addr_fault+0x5ce/0x8f0\\n [   18.877833]  ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xc2/0x210\\n [   18.879608]  ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0\\n [   18.879808]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\\n [   18.880023]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\\n [   18.880223]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\\n [   18.880426]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\\n [   18.880683] RIP: 0033:0x44a957\\n [   18.880851] Code: ff ff e8 fc 00 00 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 8974 24 10\\n [   18.881766] RSP: 002b:00007ffcdd00fad8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e\\n [   18.882149] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffcdd010db8 RCX: 000000000044a957\\n [   18.882507] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcdd00fb70 RDI: 0000000000000003\\n [   18.885037] RBP: 00007ffcdd010bc0 R08: 000000000703c770 R09: 000000000703c7c0\\n [   18.887203] R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001\\n [   18.888026] R13: 00007ffcdd010da8 R14: 00000000004ca7d0 R15: 0000000000000001\\n [   18.888395]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\\n [   18.888610] ---[ end trace ]---\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.234\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.178\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.128\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.75\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.12\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.13.1\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.14\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.6\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:53:38.753Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-21692\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:53:38.753Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-12-29T08:45:45.742Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-02-10T15:58:48.087Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.