CVE-2023-40021 (GCVE-0-2023-40021)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-16 20:25 – Updated: 2024-10-03 13:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Timing Attack Reveals CSRF Tokens in oppia
Summary
Oppia is an online learning platform. When comparing a received CSRF token against the expected token, Oppia uses the string equality operator (`==`), which is not safe against timing attacks. By repeatedly submitting invalid tokens, an attacker can brute-force the expected CSRF token character by character. Once they have recovered the token, they can then submit a forged request on behalf of a logged-in user and execute privileged actions on that user's behalf. In particular the function to validate received CSRF tokens is at `oppia.core.controllers.base.CsrfTokenManager.is_csrf_token_valid`. An attacker who can lure a logged-in Oppia user to a malicious website can perform any change on Oppia that the user is authorized to do, including changing profile information; creating, deleting, and changing explorations; etc. Note that the attacker cannot change a user's login credentials. An attack would need to complete within 1 second because every second, the time used in computing the token changes. This issue has been addressed in commit `b89bf80837` which has been included in release `3.3.2-hotfix-2`. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-03 13:33 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/oppia/oppia/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/oppia/oppia/pull/18769 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/oppia/oppia/commit/b89bf808378… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/oppia/oppia/blob/3a05c3558a292… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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When comparing a received CSRF token against the expected token, Oppia uses the string equality operator (`==`), which is not safe against timing attacks. By repeatedly submitting invalid tokens, an attacker can brute-force the expected CSRF token character by character. Once they have recovered the token, they can then submit a forged request on behalf of a logged-in user and execute privileged actions on that user\u0027s behalf. In particular the function to validate received CSRF tokens is at `oppia.core.controllers.base.CsrfTokenManager.is_csrf_token_valid`. An attacker who can lure a logged-in Oppia user to a malicious website can perform any change on Oppia that the user is authorized to do, including changing profile information; creating, deleting, and changing explorations; etc. Note that the attacker cannot change a user\u0027s login credentials. An attack would need to complete within 1 second because every second, the time used in computing the token changes. This issue has been addressed in commit `b89bf80837` which has been included in release `3.3.2-hotfix-2`. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.\"}], \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-49jp-pjc3-2532\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}}, \"adp\": [{\"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-08-02T18:24:54.658Z\"}, \"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"name\": \"https://github.com/oppia/oppia/security/advisories/GHSA-49jp-pjc3-2532\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\", \"x_transferred\"], \"url\": \"https://github.com/oppia/oppia/security/advisories/GHSA-49jp-pjc3-2532\"}, {\"name\": \"https://github.com/oppia/oppia/pull/18769\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\", \"x_transferred\"], \"url\": \"https://github.com/oppia/oppia/pull/18769\"}, {\"name\": \"https://github.com/oppia/oppia/commit/b89bf808378c1236874b5797a7bda32c77b4af23\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\", \"x_transferred\"], \"url\": \"https://github.com/oppia/oppia/commit/b89bf808378c1236874b5797a7bda32c77b4af23\"}, {\"name\": \"https://github.com/oppia/oppia/blob/3a05c3558a292f3db9e658e60e708c266c003fd0/core/controllers/base.py#L964-L990\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\", \"x_transferred\"], \"url\": \"https://github.com/oppia/oppia/blob/3a05c3558a292f3db9e658e60e708c266c003fd0/core/controllers/base.py#L964-L990\"}]}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2023-40021\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"poc\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2024-10-03T13:33:01.578679Z\"}}}], \"affected\": [{\"cpes\": [\"cpe:2.3:a:oppia:oppia:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"vendor\": \"oppia\", \"product\": \"oppia\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1.1.0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.3.2\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-10-03T13:33:56.674Z\"}}]}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2023-40021\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateReserved\": \"2023-08-08T13:46:25.243Z\", \"datePublished\": \"2023-08-16T20:25:22.726Z\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-10-03T13:37:09.373Z\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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