Vulnerability-Lookup

BREW-KRANE-CVE-2025-27788 (GHSA-9M3Q-RHMV-5Q44)

Vulnerability from osv_homebrew – Published: 2026-08-13 17:01 – Updated: 2026-08-13 17:01 – Source website

Summary

Out-of-bounds Read in Ruby JSON Parser

Details

Impact

A specially crafted document could cause an out of bound read, most likely resulting in a crash.

Versions 2.10.0 and 2.10.1 are impacted. Older versions are not.

Patches

Version 2.10.2 fixes the problem.

Workarounds

None.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

References

URL

Type

	https://github.com/ruby/json/security/advisories/…	WEB
	https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27788	ADVISORY
	https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/c56db31f800d5…	WEB
	https://github.com/ruby/json	PACKAGE
	https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.10.2	WEB
	https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/…	WEB

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "fix": "bump",
        "range_state": "fixed",
        "resource": "json",
        "resource_purl": "pkg:gem/json@2.18.0",
        "upstream_fixed_in": "2.10.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Homebrew",
        "name": "krane",
        "purl": "pkg:brew/krane"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.9.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "confidence": "high",
    "source": "matched",
    "strategy": "registry",
    "upstream_evidence": [
      {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "key": "pkg:gem/json@2.18.0",
        "name": "json",
        "resource": "json",
        "strategy": "registry",
        "subject_version": "2.18.0"
      }
    ]
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nA specially crafted document could cause an out of bound read, most likely resulting in a crash.\n\nVersions 2.10.0 and 2.10.1 are impacted. Older versions are not.\n\n### Patches\n\nVersion 2.10.2 fixes the problem.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone.",
  "id": "BREW-krane-CVE-2025-27788",
  "modified": "2026-08-13T17:01:45Z",
  "published": "2026-08-13T17:01:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/security/advisories/GHSA-9m3q-rhmv-5q44"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27788"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/c56db31f800d5d508389793e69682f99749dbadf"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.10.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/json/CVE-2025-27788.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.7.3",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Out-of-bounds Read in Ruby JSON Parser ",
  "upstream": [
    "GHSA-9m3q-rhmv-5q44",
    "CVE-2025-27788"
  ]
}

CVE-2025-27788 (GCVE-0-2025-27788)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-12 13:51 – Updated: 2025-03-12 14:04

Title

Ruby JSON Parser has Out-of-bounds Read

Summary

JSON is a JSON implementation for Ruby. Starting in version 2.10.0 and prior to version 2.10.2, a specially crafted document could cause an out of bound read, most likely resulting in a crash. Versions prior to 2.10.0 are not vulnerable. Version 2.10.2 fixes the problem. No known workarounds are available.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-03-12 14:04 UTC

CWE

CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/ruby/json/security/advisories/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/c56db31f800d5…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.10.2	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ruby	json	Affected: >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-27788",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-03-12T14:04:18.145982Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-03-12T14:04:35.186Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "json",
          "vendor": "ruby",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.10.0, \u003c 2.10.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "JSON is a JSON implementation for Ruby. Starting in version 2.10.0 and prior to version 2.10.2, a specially crafted document could cause an out of bound read, most likely resulting in a crash. Versions prior to 2.10.0 are not vulnerable. Version 2.10.2 fixes the problem. No known workarounds are available."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-125",
              "description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-03-12T13:51:53.348Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ruby/json/security/advisories/GHSA-9m3q-rhmv-5q44",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/security/advisories/GHSA-9m3q-rhmv-5q44"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/c56db31f800d5d508389793e69682f99749dbadf",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/c56db31f800d5d508389793e69682f99749dbadf"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.10.2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.10.2"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-9m3q-rhmv-5q44",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Ruby JSON Parser has Out-of-bounds Read"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-27788",
    "datePublished": "2025-03-12T13:51:53.348Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-03-06T18:06:54.461Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-03-12T14:04:35.186Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

GHSA-9M3Q-RHMV-5Q44

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-12 15:35 – Updated: 2025-03-13 21:41

Summary

Out-of-bounds Read in Ruby JSON Parser

Details

Impact

A specially crafted document could cause an out of bound read, most likely resulting in a crash.

Versions 2.10.0 and 2.10.1 are impacted. Older versions are not.

Patches

Version 2.10.2 fixes the problem.

Workarounds

None.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.10.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "json"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.10.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27788"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-12T15:35:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-12T14:15:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nA specially crafted document could cause an out of bound read, most likely resulting in a crash.\n\nVersions 2.10.0 and 2.10.1 are impacted. Older versions are not.\n\n### Patches\n\nVersion 2.10.2 fixes the problem.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone.",
  "id": "GHSA-9m3q-rhmv-5q44",
  "modified": "2025-03-13T21:41:39Z",
  "published": "2025-03-12T15:35:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/security/advisories/GHSA-9m3q-rhmv-5q44"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27788"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/c56db31f800d5d508389793e69682f99749dbadf"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.10.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/json/CVE-2025-27788.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Out-of-bounds Read in Ruby JSON Parser "
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

BREW-KRANE-CVE-2025-27788 (GHSA-9M3Q-RHMV-5Q44)

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

CVE-2025-27788 (GCVE-0-2025-27788)

GHSA-9M3Q-RHMV-5Q44

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour