Vulnerability-Lookup

BDU:2025-11815 (CVE-2025-37911)

Vulnerability from fstec – Published: 2025-09-28 – Updated: 2026-03-25 – View on bdu.fstec.ru Fixed

Title

Уязвимость компонента bnxt_coredump.c ядра операционной системы Linux, позволяющая нарушителю вызвать отказ в обслуживании

Summary

Уязвимость компонента bnxt_coredump.c ядра операционной системы Linux связана с выходом операции за границы буфера в памяти. Эксплуатация уязвимости может позволить нарушителю вызвать отказ в обслуживании

Severity

5.7 (Medium) CVSS 2.0


                      
                        AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:C/A:C

6.0 (Medium) CVSS 3.1


                      
                        CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H

Class

Code vulnerability

Status

Confirmed by the vendor

Exploitation

Data structure manipulation

Consequences

Denial of service

Incidents

Being clarified

Remediation

Software update

CWE

CWE-119 - Выход операции за границы буфера в памяти

Aliases

CVE-2025-37911

References

16 references

URL
https://git.kernel.org/linus/6b87bd94f34370bbf1dfa59352bed8efab5bf419
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/43292b83424158fa6ec458799f3cb9c54d18c484
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/44807af79efd0d78fa36383dd865ddfe7992c0a6
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/44d81a9ebf0cad92512e0ffdf7412bfe20db66ec
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d69864915a3a052538e4ba76cd6fd77cfc64ebe
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69b10dd23ab826d0c7f2d9ab311842251978d0c1
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b87bd94f34370bbf1dfa59352bed8efab5bf419
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/6b87bd94f34370bbf1dfa59352bed8efab5bf419
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37911
https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-37911
https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se18-bulletin-2025-0811SE18
https://поддержка.нппкт.рф/bin/view/ОСнова/Обновления/2.14/
https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se38-bulletin-2026-0126SE38
https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-37911
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2025-37911
http://repo.red-soft.ru/redos/8.0/x86_64/updates/

Impacted products

8 products from 8 vendors

Vendors

Canonical Ltd., Сообщество свободного программного обеспечения, Red Hat, Inc., ООО «РусБИТех-Астра», АО «НППКТ», ООО «Ред Софт», АО «СберТех»

Products

Ubuntu, Debian GNU/Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Astra Linux Special Edition (запись в едином реестре российских программ №369), Linux, ОСОН ОСнова Оnyx (запись в едином реестре российских программ №5913), РЕД ОС (запись в едином реестре российских программ №3751), Platform V SberLinux OS Server (запись в едином реестре российских программ №18785)

Versions

18.04 LTS (Ubuntu), 20.04 LTS (Ubuntu), 11 (Debian GNU/Linux), 12 (Debian GNU/Linux), 22.04 LTS (Ubuntu), 9 (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), 24.04 LTS (Ubuntu), 1.8 (Astra Linux Special Edition), от 6.13 до 6.14.6 (Linux), от 6.2 до 6.6.90 (Linux), от 6.7 до 6.12.28 (Linux), от 5.16 до 6.1.138 (Linux), от 4.19.95 до 4.20 (Linux), от 5.4.8 до 5.15.182 (Linux), до 2.14 (ОСОН ОСнова Оnyx), 8.0 (РЕД ОС), 3.8 (Astra Linux Special Edition), 9.2.0-fstec (Platform V SberLinux OS Server)

Product types

Operating system

Platforms

Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, Сообщество свободного программного обеспечения Debian GNU/Linux 11, Сообщество свободного программного обеспечения Debian GNU/Linux 12, Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9, Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, ООО «РусБИТех-Астра» Astra Linux Special Edition 1.8 (запись в едином реестре российских программ №369), Сообщество свободного программного обеспечения Linux от 6.13 до 6.14.6, Сообщество свободного программного обеспечения Linux от 6.2 до 6.6.90, Сообщество свободного программного обеспечения Linux от 6.7 до 6.12.28, Сообщество свободного программного обеспечения Linux от 5.16 до 6.1.138, Сообщество свободного программного обеспечения Linux от 4.19.95 до 4.20, Сообщество свободного программного обеспечения Linux от 5.4.8 до 5.15.182, АО «НППКТ» ОСОН ОСнова Оnyx до 2.14 (запись в едином реестре российских программ №5913), ООО «Ред Софт» РЕД ОС 8.0 (запись в едином реестре российских программ №3751), ООО «РусБИТех-Астра» Astra Linux Special Edition 3.8 (запись в едином реестре российских программ №369), АО «СберТех» Platform V SberLinux OS Server 9.2.0-fstec (запись в едином реестре российских программ №18785)

Mitigations

В условиях отсутствия обновлений безопасности от производителя рекомендуется придерживаться "Рекомендаций по безопасной настройке операционных систем LINUX", изложенных в методическом документе ФСТЭК России, утверждённом 25 декабря 2022 года. Использование рекомендаций: Для Linux: https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/6b87bd94f34370bbf1dfa59352bed8efab5bf419 Для ОС Astra Linux: - обновить пакет linux-6.1 до 6.1.141-1.astra1+ci6 или более высокой версии, используя рекомендации производителя: https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se18-bulletin-2025-0811SE18 - обновить пакет linux-6.12 до 6.12.34-1.astra1+ci2 или более высокой версии, используя рекомендации производителя: https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se18-bulletin-2025-0811SE18 Обновление программного обеспечения linux до версии 6.6.108-0.osnova2u1 Для ОС Astra Linux: обновить пакет linux-6.1 до 6.1.152-1.astra1+ci9 или более высокой версии, используя рекомендации производителя: https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se38-bulletin-2026-0126SE38 Для ОС Astra Linux: обновить пакет linux-6.1 до 6.1.152-1.astra1+ci9 или более высокой версии, используя рекомендации производителя: https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se38-bulletin-2026-0126SE38 Для Ред ОС: http://repo.red-soft.ru/redos/8.0/x86_64/updates/ Для Debian GNU/Linux: https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-37911 Для программных продуктов Red Hat Inc.: https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2025-37911 Для Ubuntu: https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-37911

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "CVSS 2.0": "AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:C/A:C",
  "CVSS 3.0": "AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
  "CVSS 4.0": null,
  "remediation_\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440": null,
  "remediation_\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435": null,
  "\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u041f\u041e": "Canonical Ltd., \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, Red Hat, Inc., \u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0411\u0418\u0422\u0435\u0445-\u0410\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u00bb, \u0410\u041e \u00ab\u041d\u041f\u041f\u041a\u0422\u00bb, \u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0420\u0435\u0434 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0442\u00bb, \u0410\u041e \u00ab\u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0422\u0435\u0445\u00bb",
  "\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u041f\u041e": "18.04 LTS (Ubuntu), 20.04 LTS (Ubuntu), 11 (Debian GNU/Linux), 12 (Debian GNU/Linux), 22.04 LTS (Ubuntu), 9 (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), 24.04 LTS (Ubuntu), 1.8 (Astra Linux Special Edition), \u043e\u0442 6.13 \u0434\u043e 6.14.6 (Linux), \u043e\u0442 6.2 \u0434\u043e 6.6.90 (Linux), \u043e\u0442 6.7 \u0434\u043e 6.12.28 (Linux), \u043e\u0442 5.16 \u0434\u043e 6.1.138 (Linux), \u043e\u0442 4.19.95 \u0434\u043e 4.20 (Linux), \u043e\u0442 5.4.8 \u0434\u043e 5.15.182 (Linux), \u0434\u043e 2.14 (\u041e\u0421\u041e\u041d \u041e\u0421\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041enyx), 8.0 (\u0420\u0415\u0414 \u041e\u0421), 3.8 (Astra Linux Special Edition), 9.2.0-fstec (Platform V SberLinux OS Server)",
  "\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e": "\u0412 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \"\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c LINUX\", \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0424\u0421\u0422\u042d\u041a \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c 25 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 2022 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\n\n\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439:\n\u0414\u043b\u044f Linux:\nhttps://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/6b87bd94f34370bbf1dfa59352bed8efab5bf419\n\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u041e\u0421 Astra Linux:\n- \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 linux-6.1 \u0434\u043e 6.1.141-1.astra1+ci6 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se18-bulletin-2025-0811SE18\n- \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 linux-6.12 \u0434\u043e 6.12.34-1.astra1+ci2 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se18-bulletin-2025-0811SE18\n\n\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f linux \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 6.6.108-0.osnova2u1\n\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u041e\u0421 Astra Linux:\n\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 linux-6.1 \u0434\u043e 6.1.152-1.astra1+ci9 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se38-bulletin-2026-0126SE38\n\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u041e\u0421 Astra Linux:\n\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 linux-6.1 \u0434\u043e 6.1.152-1.astra1+ci9 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: https://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se38-bulletin-2026-0126SE38\n\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0434 \u041e\u0421: \nhttp://repo.red-soft.ru/redos/8.0/x86_64/updates/\n\n\u0414\u043b\u044f Debian GNU/Linux:\nhttps://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-37911\n\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 Red Hat Inc.:\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2025-37911\n\n\u0414\u043b\u044f Ubuntu:\nhttps://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-37911",
  "\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f": "30.04.2025",
  "\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f": "25.03.2026",
  "\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438": "28.09.2025",
  "\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440": "BDU:2025-11815",
  "\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "CVE-2025-37911",
  "\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430",
  "\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430",
  "\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041f\u041e": "Ubuntu, Debian GNU/Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Astra Linux Special Edition (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u2116369), Linux, \u041e\u0421\u041e\u041d \u041e\u0421\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041enyx (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u21165913), \u0420\u0415\u0414 \u041e\u0421 (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u21163751), Platform V SberLinux OS Server (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u211618785)",
  "\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041e\u0421 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b": "Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu 18.04 LTS , Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu 20.04 LTS , \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Debian GNU/Linux 11 , \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Debian GNU/Linux 12 , Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu 22.04 LTS , Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 , Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu 24.04 LTS , \u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0411\u0418\u0422\u0435\u0445-\u0410\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u00bb Astra Linux Special Edition 1.8  (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u2116369), \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux \u043e\u0442 6.13 \u0434\u043e 6.14.6 , \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux \u043e\u0442 6.2 \u0434\u043e 6.6.90 , \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux \u043e\u0442 6.7 \u0434\u043e 6.12.28 , \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux \u043e\u0442 5.16 \u0434\u043e 6.1.138 , \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux \u043e\u0442 4.19.95 \u0434\u043e 4.20 , \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux \u043e\u0442 5.4.8 \u0434\u043e 5.15.182 , \u0410\u041e \u00ab\u041d\u041f\u041f\u041a\u0422\u00bb \u041e\u0421\u041e\u041d \u041e\u0421\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041enyx \u0434\u043e 2.14  (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u21165913), \u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0420\u0435\u0434 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0442\u00bb \u0420\u0415\u0414 \u041e\u0421 8.0  (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u21163751), \u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0411\u0418\u0422\u0435\u0445-\u0410\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u00bb Astra Linux Special Edition 3.8  (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u2116369), \u0410\u041e \u00ab\u0421\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0422\u0435\u0445\u00bb Platform V SberLinux OS Server 9.2.0-fstec  (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u211618785)",
  "\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 bnxt_coredump.c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438",
  "\u041d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0430": "\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f",
  "\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 CWE": "\u0412\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (CWE-119)",
  "\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 bnxt_coredump.c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438",
  "\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438",
  "\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f": null,
  "\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0418\u0411": "\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f",
  "\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430",
  "\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f": "\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f",
  "\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438": "\u041c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445",
  "\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438": "https://git.kernel.org/linus/6b87bd94f34370bbf1dfa59352bed8efab5bf419\nhttps://git.kernel.org/stable/c/43292b83424158fa6ec458799f3cb9c54d18c484\nhttps://git.kernel.org/stable/c/44807af79efd0d78fa36383dd865ddfe7992c0a6\nhttps://git.kernel.org/stable/c/44d81a9ebf0cad92512e0ffdf7412bfe20db66ec\nhttps://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d69864915a3a052538e4ba76cd6fd77cfc64ebe\nhttps://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69b10dd23ab826d0c7f2d9ab311842251978d0c1\nhttps://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b87bd94f34370bbf1dfa59352bed8efab5bf419\nhttps://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/6b87bd94f34370bbf1dfa59352bed8efab5bf419\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37911\nhttps://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-37911\nhttps://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se18-bulletin-2025-0811SE18\nhttps://\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430.\u043d\u043f\u043f\u043a\u0442.\u0440\u0444/bin/view/\u041e\u0421\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430/\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f/2.14/\nhttps://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se38-bulletin-2026-0126SE38\nhttps://wiki.astralinux.ru/astra-linux-se38-bulletin-2026-0126SE38\nhttps://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-37911\nhttps://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-37911\nhttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2025-37911\nhttp://repo.red-soft.ru/redos/8.0/x86_64/updates/",
  "\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c",
  "\u0422\u0438\u043f \u041f\u041e": "\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430",
  "\u0422\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 CWE": "CWE-119",
  "\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438": "\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 CVSS 2.0 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 5.7)\n\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 CVSS 3.1 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 6.0)"
}

CVE-2025-37911 (GCVE-0-2025-37911)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-20 15:21 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:58

Title

bnxt_en: Fix out-of-bound memcpy() during ethtool -w

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bnxt_en: Fix out-of-bound memcpy() during ethtool -w When retrieving the FW coredump using ethtool, it can sometimes cause memory corruption: BUG: KFENCE: memory corruption in __bnxt_get_coredump+0x3ef/0x670 [bnxt_en] Corrupted memory at 0x000000008f0f30e8 [ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ] (in kfence-#45): __bnxt_get_coredump+0x3ef/0x670 [bnxt_en] ethtool_get_dump_data+0xdc/0x1a0 __dev_ethtool+0xa1e/0x1af0 dev_ethtool+0xa8/0x170 dev_ioctl+0x1b5/0x580 sock_do_ioctl+0xab/0xf0 sock_ioctl+0x1ce/0x2e0 __x64_sys_ioctl+0x87/0xc0 do_syscall_64+0x5c/0xf0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0x80 ... This happens when copying the coredump segment list in bnxt_hwrm_dbg_dma_data() with the HWRM_DBG_COREDUMP_LIST FW command. The info->dest_buf buffer is allocated based on the number of coredump segments returned by the FW. The segment list is then DMA'ed by the FW and the length of the DMA is returned by FW. The driver then copies this DMA'ed segment list to info->dest_buf. In some cases, this DMA length may exceed the info->dest_buf length and cause the above BUG condition. Fix it by capping the copy length to not exceed the length of info->dest_buf. The extra DMA data contains no useful information. This code path is shared for the HWRM_DBG_COREDUMP_LIST and the HWRM_DBG_COREDUMP_RETRIEVE FW commands. The buffering is different for these 2 FW commands. To simplify the logic, we need to move the line to adjust the buffer length for HWRM_DBG_COREDUMP_RETRIEVE up, so that the new check to cap the copy length will work for both commands.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69b10dd23ab826d0c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/43292b83424158fa6…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d69864915a3a0525…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/44807af79efd0d78f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/44d81a9ebf0cad925…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b87bd94f34370bbf…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: c74751f4c39232c31214ec6a3bc1c7e62f5c728b , < 69b10dd23ab826d0c7f2d9ab311842251978d0c1 (git) Affected: c74751f4c39232c31214ec6a3bc1c7e62f5c728b , < 43292b83424158fa6ec458799f3cb9c54d18c484 (git) Affected: c74751f4c39232c31214ec6a3bc1c7e62f5c728b , < 4d69864915a3a052538e4ba76cd6fd77cfc64ebe (git) Affected: c74751f4c39232c31214ec6a3bc1c7e62f5c728b , < 44807af79efd0d78fa36383dd865ddfe7992c0a6 (git) Affected: c74751f4c39232c31214ec6a3bc1c7e62f5c728b , < 44d81a9ebf0cad92512e0ffdf7412bfe20db66ec (git) Affected: c74751f4c39232c31214ec6a3bc1c7e62f5c728b , < 6b87bd94f34370bbf1dfa59352bed8efab5bf419 (git) Affected: 4bf973a1f84aefb64750bdb3afe72d54de3199d7 (git) Affected: a76837dd731b68cc3b5690470bc9efa2a8e3801a (git) Affected: 4.19.95 , < 4.20 (semver) Affected: 5.4.8 , < 5.5 (semver)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.5 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.5 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.182 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.138 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.90 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.28 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.6 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbnxt_en: Fix out-of-bound memcpy() during ethtool -w\n\nWhen retrieving the FW coredump using ethtool, it can sometimes cause\nmemory corruption:\n\nBUG: KFENCE: memory corruption in __bnxt_get_coredump+0x3ef/0x670 [bnxt_en]\nCorrupted memory at 0x000000008f0f30e8 [ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ] (in kfence-#45):\n__bnxt_get_coredump+0x3ef/0x670 [bnxt_en]\nethtool_get_dump_data+0xdc/0x1a0\n__dev_ethtool+0xa1e/0x1af0\ndev_ethtool+0xa8/0x170\ndev_ioctl+0x1b5/0x580\nsock_do_ioctl+0xab/0xf0\nsock_ioctl+0x1ce/0x2e0\n__x64_sys_ioctl+0x87/0xc0\ndo_syscall_64+0x5c/0xf0\nentry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0x80\n\n...\n\nThis happens when copying the coredump segment list in\nbnxt_hwrm_dbg_dma_data() with the HWRM_DBG_COREDUMP_LIST FW command.\nThe info-\u003edest_buf buffer is allocated based on the number of coredump\nsegments returned by the FW.  The segment list is then DMA\u0027ed by\nthe FW and the length of the DMA is returned by FW.  The driver then\ncopies this DMA\u0027ed segment list to info-\u003edest_buf.\n\nIn some cases, this DMA length may exceed the info-\u003edest_buf length\nand cause the above BUG condition.  Fix it by capping the copy\nlength to not exceed the length of info-\u003edest_buf.  The extra\nDMA data contains no useful information.\n\nThis code path is shared for the HWRM_DBG_COREDUMP_LIST and the\nHWRM_DBG_COREDUMP_RETRIEVE FW commands.  The buffering is different\nfor these 2 FW commands.  To simplify the logic, we need to move\nthe line to adjust the buffer length for HWRM_DBG_COREDUMP_RETRIEVE\nup, so that the new check to cap the copy length will work for both\ncommands."
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            "version": "3.1"
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached through the ETHTOOL_GET_DUMP_DATA ioctl on a socket (sock_ioctl \u2192 dev_ioctl \u2192 dev_ethtool \u2192 ethtool_get_dump_data \u2192 bnxt_get_dump_data), which requires local system access; there is no remote or adjacent-network path into bnxt_hwrm_dbg_dma_data().\nAC:L - On an affected bnxt_en adapter the attacker simply issues `ethtool -w` repeatedly and the firmware-reported DMA length deterministically exceeds the kmalloc(segs * 16) coredump-list buffer, so the out-of-bounds memcpy() is triggered reliably with no race to win and no memory layout the attacker must guess.\nPR:L - __dev_ethtool() gates ETHTOOL_GET_DUMP_DATA behind ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN), which is namespace-relative rather than real root \u2014 an unprivileged user who is namespace-root over a net namespace holding a bnxt netdev (e.g. an SR-IOV VF handed to a container, a very common deployment for these Broadcom NICs in cloud/Kubernetes hosts) satisfies it, so basic local user privileges suffice.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers the coredump retrieval entirely on their own via the ioctl; no administrator or other victim needs to perform any action.\nS:U - The heap corruption occurs in kernel slab memory within the same security authority as the kernel itself; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The unchecked memcpy() overflows a small kmalloc\u0027d slab object with up to ~2KB of firmware data (and can also read past the 2048-byte DMA slice when the FW-reported len is larger), and such slab corruption of adjacent objects is a general primitive that can be steered into kernel information disclosure.\nI:H - This is a heap out-of-bounds write \u2014 memcpy(info-\u003edest_buf + off, dma_buf, len) with len unbounded by info-\u003edest_buf_size (the guard against BNXT_COREDUMP_BUF_LEN(0) underflows to a huge value and never fires for HWRM_DBG_COREDUMP_LIST) \u2014 corrupting adjacent slab objects, which is the classic basis for control-flow hijack and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The reported KFENCE splat shows real memory corruption in __bnxt_get_coredump(); overflowing neighbouring slab objects readily produces oopses and kernel panics, and the attacker can repeat the ioctl at will."
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Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Related by attack behaviour

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