CVE-2025-52948 (GCVE-0-2025-52948)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-11 14:40 – Updated: 2025-07-23 14:57
VLAI?
Title
Junos OS: Specific unknown traffic pattern causes FPC and system to crash when packet capturing is enabled
Summary
An Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) processing of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker, in rare cases, sending specific, unknown traffic patterns to cause the FPC and system to crash and restart. BPF provides a raw interface to data link layers in a protocol independent fashion. Internally within the Junos kernel, due to a rare timing issue (race condition), when a BPF instance is cloned, the newly created interface causes an internal structure leakage, leading to a system crash. The precise content and timing of the traffic patterns is indeterminate, but has been seen in a lab environment multiple times. This issue is more likely to occur when packet capturing is enabled.  See required configuration below. This issue affects Junos OS:  * all versions before 21.2R3-S9,  * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S10,  * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S6,  * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7,  * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3,  * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S3,  * from 24.2 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2.
Severity ?
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/AU:Y/R:A/RE:M
CWE
  • CWE-755 - Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Juniper Networks Junos OS Affected: 0 , < 21.2R3-S9 (semver)
Affected: 21.4 , < 21.4R3-S10 (semver)
Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2R3-S6 (semver)
Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4R3-S7 (semver)
Affected: 23.2 , < 23.2R2-S3 (semver)
Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4R2-S3 (semver)
Affected: 24.2 , < 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public ?
2025-07-09 16:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-52948\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"sirt@juniper.net\",\"published\":\"2025-07-11T15:15:25.180\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-01-23T19:36:31.030\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"An Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) processing of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker, in rare cases, sending specific, unknown traffic patterns to cause the FPC and system to crash and restart.\\n\\nBPF provides a raw interface to data link layers in a protocol independent fashion. Internally within the Junos kernel, due to a rare timing issue (race condition), when a BPF instance is cloned, the newly created interface causes an internal structure leakage, leading to a system crash. The precise content and timing of the traffic patterns is indeterminate, but has been seen in a lab environment multiple times.\\n\\nThis issue is more likely to occur when packet capturing is enabled.\u00a0 See required configuration below.\\n\\nThis issue affects Junos OS:\u00a0\\n\\n\\n\\n  *  all versions before 21.2R3-S9,\u00a0\\n  *  from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S10,\u00a0\\n  *  from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S6,\u00a0\\n  *  from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7,\u00a0\\n  *  from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3,\u00a0\\n  *  from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S3,\u00a0\\n  *  from 24.2 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Una vulnerabilidad de Manejo Inadecuado de Condiciones Excepcionales en el procesamiento del Filtro de Paquetes Berkeley (BPF) del sistema operativo Junos de Juniper Networks permite que un atacante, en casos excepcionales, env\u00ede patrones de tr\u00e1fico espec\u00edficos y desconocidos para provocar el bloqueo y reinicio del FPC y del sistema. El BPF proporciona una interfaz sin procesar a las capas de enlace de datos de forma independiente del protocolo. Internamente, dentro del kernel de Junos, debido a un problema de sincronizaci\u00f3n poco frecuente (condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n), al clonar una instancia de BPF, la interfaz reci\u00e9n creada provoca una fuga de estructura interna, lo que provoca un bloqueo del sistema. El contenido y la sincronizaci\u00f3n precisos de los patrones de tr\u00e1fico son indeterminados, pero se han observado en un entorno de laboratorio en m\u00faltiples ocasiones. Este problema es m\u00e1s probable cuando la captura de paquetes est\u00e1 habilitada. Consulte la configuraci\u00f3n requerida a continuaci\u00f3n. Este problema afecta a Junos OS: * todas las versiones anteriores a 21.2R3-S9, * desde 21.4 hasta 21.4R3-S10, * desde 22.2 hasta 22.2R3-S6, * desde 22.4 hasta 22.4R3-S7, * desde 23.2 hasta 23.2R2-S3, * desde 23.4 hasta 23.4R2-S3, * desde 24.2 hasta 24.2R1-S1, 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      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-52948\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-07-11T15:06:42.389399Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-11T15:06:44.315Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Junos OS: Specific unknown traffic pattern causes FPC and system to crash when packet capturing is enabled\", \"source\": {\"defect\": [\"1819102\"], \"advisory\": \"JSA100052\", \"discovery\": \"INTERNAL\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 5.9, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": 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\"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\": \"MODERATE\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Juniper Networks\", \"product\": \"Junos OS\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"21.2R3-S9\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"21.4\", \"lessThan\": \"21.4R3-S10\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"22.2\", \"lessThan\": \"22.2R3-S6\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"22.4\", \"lessThan\": \"22.4R3-S7\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"23.2\", \"lessThan\": \"23.2R2-S3\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"23.4\", \"lessThan\": \"23.4R2-S3\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"24.2\", \"lessThan\": \"24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"exploits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Juniper SIRT is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this vulnerability.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"Juniper SIRT is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this vulnerability.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"timeline\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2025-07-09T16:00:00.000Z\", \"value\": \"Initial Publication\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2025-07-18T16:00:00.000Z\", \"value\": \"Corrected vulnerable \u0027monitor\u0027 command from \u0027monitor interface\u0027 to \u0027monitor traffic\u0027\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2025-07-23T16:00:00.000Z\", \"value\": \"Added workaround of avoiding the execution of the \u0027monitor traffic\u0027 command\"}], \"solutions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue: 21.2R3-S9, 21.4R3-S10, 22.2R3-S6, 22.4R3-S7, 23.2R2-S3, 23.4R2-S3, 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2, 24.4R1, and all subsequent releases.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue: 21.2R3-S9, 21.4R3-S10, 22.2R3-S6, 22.4R3-S7, 23.2R2-S3, 23.4R2-S3, 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2, 24.4R1, and all subsequent releases.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"datePublic\": \"2025-07-09T16:00:00.000Z\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA100052\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/network-mgmt/topics/topic-map/analyze-network-traffic-by-using-packet-capture.html\", \"tags\": [\"technical-description\"]}], \"workarounds\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Avoid execution of the \u0027monitor traffic interface\u0027 command on production systems.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"Avoid execution of the \u0027monitor traffic interface\u0027 command on production systems.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"An Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) processing of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker, in rare cases, sending specific, unknown traffic patterns to cause the FPC and system to crash and restart.\\n\\nBPF provides a raw interface to data link layers in a protocol independent fashion. Internally within the Junos kernel, due to a rare timing issue (race condition), when a BPF instance is cloned, the newly created interface causes an internal structure leakage, leading to a system crash. The precise content and timing of the traffic patterns is indeterminate, but has been seen in a lab environment multiple times.\\n\\nThis issue is more likely to occur when packet capturing is enabled.\\u00a0 See required configuration below.\\n\\nThis issue affects Junos OS:\\u00a0\\n\\n\\n\\n  *  all versions before 21.2R3-S9,\\u00a0\\n  *  from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S10,\\u00a0\\n  *  from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S6,\\u00a0\\n  *  from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7,\\u00a0\\n  *  from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3,\\u00a0\\n  *  from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S3,\\u00a0\\n  *  from 24.2 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"An Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) processing of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker, in rare cases, sending specific, unknown traffic patterns to cause the FPC and system to crash and restart.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBPF provides a raw interface to data link layers in a protocol independent fashion. Internally within the Junos kernel, due to a rare timing issue (race condition), when a BPF instance is cloned, the newly created interface causes an internal structure leakage, leading to a system crash. The precise content and timing of the traffic patterns is indeterminate, but has been seen in a lab environment multiple times.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis issue is more likely to occur when packet capturing is enabled.\u0026nbsp; See required configuration below.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects Junos OS:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eall versions before 21.2R3-S9,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efrom 21.4 before 21.4R3-S10,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efrom 22.2 before 22.2R3-S6,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efrom 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efrom 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efrom 23.4 before 23.4R2-S3,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efrom 24.2 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-755\", \"description\": \"CWE-755 Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions\"}]}], \"configurations\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"BPF is used by applications such as \u0027tcpdump\u0027, enabled in Junos via packet-capture sampling:\\n\\n\\n\\n[forwarding-options\\u00a0packet-capture file ...]\\n\\n[firewall filter \u003cname\u003e term \u003cname\u003e then sample]\\n\\n[interfaces \u003cinterface\u003e unit \u003cn\u003e family inet filter input \u003cname\u003e]\\n\\n\\n[interfaces \u003cinterface\u003e unit \u003cn\u003e family inet filter output \u003cname\u003e]\\n\\nor via the \u0027monitor traffic\u0027 command. For example:\\n\\nuser@junos\u003e monitor traffic interface \u003cname\u003e\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"BPF is used by applications such as \u0027tcpdump\u0027, enabled in Junos via packet-capture sampling:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\\n\\n\u003ctt\u003e[forwarding-options\u0026nbsp;packet-capture file ...]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[firewall filter \u0026lt;name\u0026gt; term \u0026lt;name\u0026gt; then sample]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e[interfaces \u0026lt;interface\u0026gt; unit \u0026lt;n\u0026gt; family inet filter input \u0026lt;name\u0026gt;]\u003cbr\u003e\\n\\n[interfaces \u0026lt;interface\u0026gt; unit \u0026lt;n\u0026gt; family inet filter output \u0026lt;name\u0026gt;]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/tt\u003eor via the \u0027monitor traffic\u0027 command. For example:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ctt\u003euser@junos\u0026gt; monitor traffic interface \u0026lt;name\u0026gt;\u003c/tt\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"8cbe9d5a-a066-4c94-8978-4b15efeae968\", \"shortName\": \"juniper\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-23T14:57:37.021Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-52948\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-23T14:57:37.021Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-06-23T13:16:01.408Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"8cbe9d5a-a066-4c94-8978-4b15efeae968\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-07-11T14:40:31.197Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"juniper\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.