CVE-2025-39971 (GCVE-0-2025-39971)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 07:55 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
i40e: fix idx validation in config queues msg
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
i40e: fix idx validation in config queues msg
Ensure idx is within range of active/initialized TCs when iterating over
vf->ch[idx] in i40e_vc_config_queues_msg().
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-16 15:52 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < a6ff2af78343eceb0f77ab1a2fe802183bc21648
(git)
Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < f5f91d164af22e7147130ef8bebbdb28d8ecc6e2 (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < 1fa0aadade34481c567cdf4a897c0d4e4d548bd1 (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < 8b9c7719b0987b1c6c5fc910599f3618a558dbde (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < 2cc26dac0518d2fa9b67ec813ee60e183480f98a (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < bfcc1dff429d4b99ba03e40ddacc68ea4be2b32b (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < 5c1f96123113e0bdc6d8dc2b0830184c93da9f65 (git) Affected: c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5 , < f1ad24c5abe1eaef69158bac1405a74b3c365115 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.17
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.17 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.300 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.245 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.194 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.155 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.109 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.50 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.10 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "AV:L - The malicious input arrives as a `VIRTCHNL_OP_CONFIG_VSI_QUEUES` message on the SR-IOV VF\u2192PF admin-queue mailbox, a PCIe transport, not a network protocol. The attacker needs local control of an assigned VF (guest VM or VF-owning container), so this is local reachability rather than network or adjacent.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls every input \u2014 `num_tc` and per-TC `count` via ENABLE_CHANNELS, then `num_queue_pairs` and the qpair array via CONFIG_VSI_QUEUES \u2014 so shrinking `num_tc` to leave stale `ch[]` entries and then walking `idx` into them is deterministic on the first attempt with no memory grooming or race. The only precondition, spoofchk disabled, is inherent to any ADq-enabled SR-IOV deployment and is a standard runtime configuration.\nPR:L - The attacker only needs to drive the VF\u0027s admin queue \u2014 kernel/root inside the assigned guest, or possession of the VFIO device \u2014 which is a low-privileged position relative to the host PF driver under attack. No privileges of any kind on the host are required.\nUI:N - The malicious VF sends the virtchnl message sequence entirely on its own initiative. No host administrator or other user action is needed at any stage.\nS:C - The attacking VF sits in a guest VM (or VF-assigned container) while the stale-index read and the resulting hardware queue-context programming occur in the host PF driver\u0027s security authority. The corrupted resources \u2014 HMC LAN Tx/Rx contexts and QTX_CTL bindings of VSIs belonging to the PF or to other VFs \u2014 are outside the attacker\u0027s scope, crossing the guest/host and inter-tenant SR-IOV boundary.\nC:H - Using a stale `ch[idx].vsi_id`, the VF resolves and reprograms the Rx queue context of a VSI it does not own, setting `rx_ctx.base` from its own `dma_ring_addr` so another VSI\u0027s received traffic is DMA\u0027d into attacker-designated memory \u2014 interception of host and cross-guest traffic. On pre-5.2 kernels the same defect additionally reads past the end of `vf-\u003ech[]` into adjacent `struct i40e_vf` state.\nI:H - `i40e_config_vsi_rx_queue()` performs no ownership check and `i40e_config_vsi_tx_queue()` validates only the VF-supplied `info-\u003evsi_id`, so the stale ID lets the VF clear and rewrite the LAN HMC Tx/Rx contexts of a foreign VSI\u0027s queues and issue a `QTX_CTL` write rebinding that PF queue to itself. This is attacker-controlled modification of host- and peer-owned hardware state.\nA:H - Clearing and rewriting queue contexts belonging to the PF\u0027s main VSI or another guest\u0027s VSI stalls or wedges those queues, and out-of-range `pf_queue_id` values (`I40E_QUEUE_END_OF_LIST`) drive HMC operations that trigger adapter error paths, PF/VF reset storms and loss of host networking. The VF can repeat the sequence at will, and a downed host PF takes every guest on the adapter with it."
}
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"redhat_vex": {
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"title": "kernel: i40e: fix idx validation in config queues msg",
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"version": "3"
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"product_status:first_fixed": "2",
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"product_status:recommended": "603",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-39971",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-39971.json",
"version": "55"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-39971\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-16T15:52:18.829458Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-16T15:52:24.239Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"i40e: fix idx validation in config queues msg\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 8.8, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"AV:L - The malicious input arrives as a `VIRTCHNL_OP_CONFIG_VSI_QUEUES` message on the SR-IOV VF\\u2192PF admin-queue mailbox, a PCIe transport, not a network protocol. The attacker needs local control of an assigned VF (guest VM or VF-owning container), so this is local reachability rather than network or adjacent.\\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls every input \\u2014 `num_tc` and per-TC `count` via ENABLE_CHANNELS, then `num_queue_pairs` and the qpair array via CONFIG_VSI_QUEUES \\u2014 so shrinking `num_tc` to leave stale `ch[]` entries and then walking `idx` into them is deterministic on the first attempt with no memory grooming or race. The only precondition, spoofchk disabled, is inherent to any ADq-enabled SR-IOV deployment and is a standard runtime configuration.\\nPR:L - The attacker only needs to drive the VF\u0027s admin queue \\u2014 kernel/root inside the assigned guest, or possession of the VFIO device \\u2014 which is a low-privileged position relative to the host PF driver under attack. No privileges of any kind on the host are required.\\nUI:N - The malicious VF sends the virtchnl message sequence entirely on its own initiative. No host administrator or other user action is needed at any stage.\\nS:C - The attacking VF sits in a guest VM (or VF-assigned container) while the stale-index read and the resulting hardware queue-context programming occur in the host PF driver\u0027s security authority. The corrupted resources \\u2014 HMC LAN Tx/Rx contexts and QTX_CTL bindings of VSIs belonging to the PF or to other VFs \\u2014 are outside the attacker\u0027s scope, crossing the guest/host and inter-tenant SR-IOV boundary.\\nC:H - Using a stale `ch[idx].vsi_id`, the VF resolves and reprograms the Rx queue context of a VSI it does not own, setting `rx_ctx.base` from its own `dma_ring_addr` so another VSI\u0027s received traffic is DMA\u0027d into attacker-designated memory \\u2014 interception of host and cross-guest traffic. On pre-5.2 kernels the same defect additionally reads past the end of `vf-\u003ech[]` into adjacent `struct i40e_vf` state.\\nI:H - `i40e_config_vsi_rx_queue()` performs no ownership check and `i40e_config_vsi_tx_queue()` validates only the VF-supplied `info-\u003evsi_id`, so the stale ID lets the VF clear and rewrite the LAN HMC Tx/Rx contexts of a foreign VSI\u0027s queues and issue a `QTX_CTL` write rebinding that PF queue to itself. This is attacker-controlled modification of host- and peer-owned hardware state.\\nA:H - Clearing and rewriting queue contexts belonging to the PF\u0027s main VSI or another guest\u0027s VSI stalls or wedges those queues, and out-of-range `pf_queue_id` values (`I40E_QUEUE_END_OF_LIST`) drive HMC operations that trigger adapter error paths, PF/VF reset storms and loss of host networking. The VF can repeat the sequence at will, and a downed host PF takes every guest on the adapter with it.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\", \"lessThan\": \"a6ff2af78343eceb0f77ab1a2fe802183bc21648\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\", \"lessThan\": \"f5f91d164af22e7147130ef8bebbdb28d8ecc6e2\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\", \"lessThan\": \"1fa0aadade34481c567cdf4a897c0d4e4d548bd1\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\", \"lessThan\": \"8b9c7719b0987b1c6c5fc910599f3618a558dbde\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\", \"lessThan\": \"2cc26dac0518d2fa9b67ec813ee60e183480f98a\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\", \"lessThan\": \"bfcc1dff429d4b99ba03e40ddacc68ea4be2b32b\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\", \"lessThan\": \"5c1f96123113e0bdc6d8dc2b0830184c93da9f65\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c27eac48160de72dee33d42b5a33cc7b8a2eb1f5\", \"lessThan\": \"f1ad24c5abe1eaef69158bac1405a74b3c365115\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.17\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.17\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.4.300\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.4.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.245\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.194\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.155\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.109\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.50\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.16.10\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.16.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.17\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6ff2af78343eceb0f77ab1a2fe802183bc21648\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5f91d164af22e7147130ef8bebbdb28d8ecc6e2\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1fa0aadade34481c567cdf4a897c0d4e4d548bd1\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b9c7719b0987b1c6c5fc910599f3618a558dbde\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2cc26dac0518d2fa9b67ec813ee60e183480f98a\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bfcc1dff429d4b99ba03e40ddacc68ea4be2b32b\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c1f96123113e0bdc6d8dc2b0830184c93da9f65\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1ad24c5abe1eaef69158bac1405a74b3c365115\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\ni40e: fix idx validation in config queues msg\\n\\nEnsure idx is within range of active/initialized TCs when iterating over\\nvf-\u003ech[idx] in i40e_vc_config_queues_msg().\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.4.300\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.245\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.194\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.155\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.109\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.50\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.16.10\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.17\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.17\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T12:06:40.599Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-39971\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T12:06:40.599Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T07:20:57.149Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-10-15T07:55:54.270Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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