CVE-2025-38718 (GCVE-0-2025-38718)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-04 15:33 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
sctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv
A cloned head skb still shares these frag skbs in fraglist with the
original head skb. It's not safe to access these frag skbs.
syzbot reported two use-of-uninitialized-memory bugs caused by this:
BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211
sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211
sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x1a7/0xc50 net/sctp/associola.c:998
sctp_inq_push+0x2ef/0x380 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88
sctp_backlog_rcv+0x397/0xdb0 net/sctp/input.c:331
sk_backlog_rcv+0x13b/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1122
__release_sock+0x1da/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3106
release_sock+0x6b/0x250 net/core/sock.c:3660
sctp_wait_for_connect+0x487/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9360
sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x1ec1/0x1f00 net/sctp/socket.c:1885
sctp_sendmsg+0x32b9/0x4a80 net/sctp/socket.c:2031
inet_sendmsg+0x25a/0x280 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:718 [inline]
and
BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987
sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987
sctp_inq_push+0x2a3/0x350 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88
sctp_backlog_rcv+0x3c7/0xda0 net/sctp/input.c:331
sk_backlog_rcv+0x142/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1148
__release_sock+0x1d3/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3213
release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767
sctp_wait_for_connect+0x458/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9367
sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x223a/0x2260 net/sctp/socket.c:1886
sctp_sendmsg+0x3910/0x49f0 net/sctp/socket.c:2032
inet_sendmsg+0x269/0x2a0 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline]
This patch fixes it by linearizing cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv().
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:40 UTC
Assigner
References
10 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb , < d0194e391bb493aa6cec56d177b14df6b29188d5
(git)
Affected: 90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb , < 03d0cc6889e02420125510b5444b570f4bbf53d5 (git) Affected: 90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb , < cd0e92bb2b7542fb96397ffac639b4f5b099d0cb (git) Affected: 90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb , < 4506bcaabe004d07be8ff09116a3024fbd6aa965 (git) Affected: 90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb , < ea094f38d387d1b0ded5dee4a3e5720aa4ce0139 (git) Affected: 90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb , < 7d757f17bc2ef2727994ffa6d5d6e4bc4789a770 (git) Affected: 90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb , < fc66772607101bd2030a4332b3bd0ea3b3605250 (git) Affected: 90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb , < 1bd5214ea681584c5886fea3ba03e49f93a43c0e (git) Affected: 90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb , < fd60d8a086191fe33c2d719732d2482052fa6805 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.8
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.8 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.162 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.103 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.43 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.11 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.2 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:41:48.713Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-38718",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:40:36.204042Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T18:44:03.458Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/sctp/input.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "d0194e391bb493aa6cec56d177b14df6b29188d5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "03d0cc6889e02420125510b5444b570f4bbf53d5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cd0e92bb2b7542fb96397ffac639b4f5b099d0cb",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "4506bcaabe004d07be8ff09116a3024fbd6aa965",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "ea094f38d387d1b0ded5dee4a3e5720aa4ce0139",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "7d757f17bc2ef2727994ffa6d5d6e4bc4789a770",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "fc66772607101bd2030a4332b3bd0ea3b3605250",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "1bd5214ea681584c5886fea3ba03e49f93a43c0e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "fd60d8a086191fe33c2d719732d2482052fa6805",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/sctp/input.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.8"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.8",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.297",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.241",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.190",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.162",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.103",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.43",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15.11",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.297",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.241",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.162",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.103",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.43",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15.11",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.16.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv\n\nA cloned head skb still shares these frag skbs in fraglist with the\noriginal head skb. It\u0027s not safe to access these frag skbs.\n\nsyzbot reported two use-of-uninitialized-memory bugs caused by this:\n\n BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211\n sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211\n sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x1a7/0xc50 net/sctp/associola.c:998\n sctp_inq_push+0x2ef/0x380 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88\n sctp_backlog_rcv+0x397/0xdb0 net/sctp/input.c:331\n sk_backlog_rcv+0x13b/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1122\n __release_sock+0x1da/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3106\n release_sock+0x6b/0x250 net/core/sock.c:3660\n sctp_wait_for_connect+0x487/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9360\n sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x1ec1/0x1f00 net/sctp/socket.c:1885\n sctp_sendmsg+0x32b9/0x4a80 net/sctp/socket.c:2031\n inet_sendmsg+0x25a/0x280 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:718 [inline]\n\nand\n\n BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987\n sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987\n sctp_inq_push+0x2a3/0x350 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88\n sctp_backlog_rcv+0x3c7/0xda0 net/sctp/input.c:331\n sk_backlog_rcv+0x142/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1148\n __release_sock+0x1d3/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3213\n release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767\n sctp_wait_for_connect+0x458/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9367\n sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x223a/0x2260 net/sctp/socket.c:1886\n sctp_sendmsg+0x3910/0x49f0 net/sctp/socket.c:2032\n inet_sendmsg+0x269/0x2a0 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline]\n\nThis patch fixes it by linearizing cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv()."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable branch requires `skb_is_gso_sctp()`, and `SKB_GSO_SCTP` is set only by the local transmit path (`sk-\u003esk_gso_type` in net/sctp/socket.c:5042, applied in `sctp_packet_pack()`); net/sctp/offload.c registers no GRO handler and virtio/tun cannot carry an SCTP GSO type, so packets arriving from a real network are never `is_gso` and the attacker must originate the packet locally via `sendmsg()` on an SCTP socket looped back over `lo`/`veth`.\nAC:L - The attacker supplies every precondition: an SCTP socket sending more than PMTU to 127.0.0.1 to force the GSO cover-letter skb, and an AF_PACKET or raw socket to guarantee the clone via `dev_queue_xmit_nit()`, all repeatable in a loop; syzbot reproduced it independently twice.\nPR:L - No `capable()` check exists anywhere on the `sendmsg` \u2192 `sctp_packet_pack` \u2192 `sctp_rcv` \u2192 `sctp_inq_pop` path, the SCTP module autoloads on an unprivileged `socket(AF_INET, SOCK_SEQPACKET, IPPROTO_SCTP)`, and the CAP_NET_RAW needed for the cloning tap is obtainable by any local user with `unshare -Urn`.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the send, the clone setup, and the receive entirely from its own processes; no victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds accesses and skb metadata corruption occur in kernel heap memory within the same kernel security authority, with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - `sctp_inq_pop()` reads chunk headers past the frag skb\u0027s valid data (KMSAN uninit-value at inqueue.c:211), and the resulting attacker-influenced `chunk_end`/`datalen` drives `skb_trim()` in `sctp_ulpevent_make_rcvmsg()` on the clone queued for `recvmsg()`, while the co-owner of the shared frags (AF_PACKET/raw socket) reads them at pointers SCTP already advanced \u2014 both paths copy adjacent kernel heap out to userspace.\nI:H - SCTP mutates `data`, `len`, and `cb` of frag skbs concurrently owned by another subsystem, and `skb_pull(chunk-\u003eskb, sizeof(*ch))` on an already-consumed frag underflows `skb-\u003elen` to ~4 GB unchecked, leaving a corrupted length on a live skb while the full SCTP state machine executes on out-of-bounds bytes.\nA:H - The condition is a KASAN/KMSAN-reportable memory-safety violation whose ~4 GB `skb-\u003elen` underflow and out-of-range `skb_trim()` produce oops/panic in downstream copy and accounting paths, and any unprivileged local user can retrigger it in a loop."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:04:15.979Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0194e391bb493aa6cec56d177b14df6b29188d5"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/03d0cc6889e02420125510b5444b570f4bbf53d5"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd0e92bb2b7542fb96397ffac639b4f5b099d0cb"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4506bcaabe004d07be8ff09116a3024fbd6aa965"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea094f38d387d1b0ded5dee4a3e5720aa4ce0139"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d757f17bc2ef2727994ffa6d5d6e4bc4789a770"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fc66772607101bd2030a4332b3bd0ea3b3605250"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bd5214ea681584c5886fea3ba03e49f93a43c0e"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd60d8a086191fe33c2d719732d2482052fa6805"
}
],
"title": "sctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-38718",
"datePublished": "2025-09-04T15:33:12.448Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.033Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:04:15.979Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-38718",
"date": "2026-09-19",
"epss": "0.00162",
"percentile": "0.05859"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-02-24T14:37:24.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38718",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-38718",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "3",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "sctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-38718.json",
"version": "3"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/sctp/input.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "d0194e391bb493aa6cec56d177b14df6b29188d5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "03d0cc6889e02420125510b5444b570f4bbf53d5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cd0e92bb2b7542fb96397ffac639b4f5b099d0cb",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "4506bcaabe004d07be8ff09116a3024fbd6aa965",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "ea094f38d387d1b0ded5dee4a3e5720aa4ce0139",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "7d757f17bc2ef2727994ffa6d5d6e4bc4789a770",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "fc66772607101bd2030a4332b3bd0ea3b3605250",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "1bd5214ea681584c5886fea3ba03e49f93a43c0e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "fd60d8a086191fe33c2d719732d2482052fa6805",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/sctp/input.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.8"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.8",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.297",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.241",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.190",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.162",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.103",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.43",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15.11",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "D3E65573-3126-4085-8D6E-6D924A36E2BA",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.297",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "D0D21C35-EB8A-488A-BBF9-403E4817E5DD",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.241",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "AD9E597F-3DDE-4D7E-976C-463D0611F13F",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.11",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "A82156DA-8CE7-4F72-B394-6452BD927498",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.103",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.16",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "472C5F87-2BF3-4FAB-9B21-DA7513977363",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.43",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "BC242347-F722-43AE-B910-BE0B22386977",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15.11",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "BD7C087D-2415-4521-B624-30003352F899",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.16.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.16",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "327D22EF-390B-454C-BD31-2ED23C998A1C",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv\n\nA cloned head skb still shares these frag skbs in fraglist with the\noriginal head skb. It\u0027s not safe to access these frag skbs.\n\nsyzbot reported two use-of-uninitialized-memory bugs caused by this:\n\n BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211\n sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211\n sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x1a7/0xc50 net/sctp/associola.c:998\n sctp_inq_push+0x2ef/0x380 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88\n sctp_backlog_rcv+0x397/0xdb0 net/sctp/input.c:331\n sk_backlog_rcv+0x13b/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1122\n __release_sock+0x1da/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3106\n release_sock+0x6b/0x250 net/core/sock.c:3660\n sctp_wait_for_connect+0x487/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9360\n sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x1ec1/0x1f00 net/sctp/socket.c:1885\n sctp_sendmsg+0x32b9/0x4a80 net/sctp/socket.c:2031\n inet_sendmsg+0x25a/0x280 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:718 [inline]\n\nand\n\n BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987\n sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987\n sctp_inq_push+0x2a3/0x350 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88\n sctp_backlog_rcv+0x3c7/0xda0 net/sctp/input.c:331\n sk_backlog_rcv+0x142/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1148\n __release_sock+0x1d3/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3213\n release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767\n sctp_wait_for_connect+0x458/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9367\n sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x223a/0x2260 net/sctp/socket.c:1886\n sctp_sendmsg+0x3910/0x49f0 net/sctp/socket.c:2032\n inet_sendmsg+0x269/0x2a0 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline]\n\nThis patch fixes it by linearizing cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv()."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-38718",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:36.867",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-38718",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:40:36.204042Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-09-04T16:15:41.413",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/03d0cc6889e02420125510b5444b570f4bbf53d5"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bd5214ea681584c5886fea3ba03e49f93a43c0e"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4506bcaabe004d07be8ff09116a3024fbd6aa965"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d757f17bc2ef2727994ffa6d5d6e4bc4789a770"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd0e92bb2b7542fb96397ffac639b4f5b099d0cb"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0194e391bb493aa6cec56d177b14df6b29188d5"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea094f38d387d1b0ded5dee4a3e5720aa4ce0139"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fc66772607101bd2030a4332b3bd0ea3b3605250"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd60d8a086191fe33c2d719732d2482052fa6805"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-908"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:03:05+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38718",
"id": "CVE-2025-38718",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-04T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "1804",
"product_status:known_affected": "36",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: sctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38718.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-11T01:59:33Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38718",
"id": "CVE-2025-38718",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-04T23:23:24Z",
"product_status:first_fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "684",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "36",
"product_status:recommended": "563",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38718",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38718.json",
"version": "54"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:41:48.713Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-38718",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:40:36.204042Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T17:37:28.353Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/sctp/input.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "d0194e391bb493aa6cec56d177b14df6b29188d5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "03d0cc6889e02420125510b5444b570f4bbf53d5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cd0e92bb2b7542fb96397ffac639b4f5b099d0cb",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "4506bcaabe004d07be8ff09116a3024fbd6aa965",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "ea094f38d387d1b0ded5dee4a3e5720aa4ce0139",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "7d757f17bc2ef2727994ffa6d5d6e4bc4789a770",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "fc66772607101bd2030a4332b3bd0ea3b3605250",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "1bd5214ea681584c5886fea3ba03e49f93a43c0e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "fd60d8a086191fe33c2d719732d2482052fa6805",
"status": "affected",
"version": "90017accff61ae89283ad9a51f9ac46ca01633fb",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/sctp/input.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.8"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.8",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.297",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.241",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.190",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.162",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.103",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.43",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15.11",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.297",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.241",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.162",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.103",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.43",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15.11",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.16.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.8",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv\n\nA cloned head skb still shares these frag skbs in fraglist with the\noriginal head skb. It\u0027s not safe to access these frag skbs.\n\nsyzbot reported two use-of-uninitialized-memory bugs caused by this:\n\n BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211\n sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211\n sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x1a7/0xc50 net/sctp/associola.c:998\n sctp_inq_push+0x2ef/0x380 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88\n sctp_backlog_rcv+0x397/0xdb0 net/sctp/input.c:331\n sk_backlog_rcv+0x13b/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1122\n __release_sock+0x1da/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3106\n release_sock+0x6b/0x250 net/core/sock.c:3660\n sctp_wait_for_connect+0x487/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9360\n sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x1ec1/0x1f00 net/sctp/socket.c:1885\n sctp_sendmsg+0x32b9/0x4a80 net/sctp/socket.c:2031\n inet_sendmsg+0x25a/0x280 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:718 [inline]\n\nand\n\n BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987\n sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987\n sctp_inq_push+0x2a3/0x350 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88\n sctp_backlog_rcv+0x3c7/0xda0 net/sctp/input.c:331\n sk_backlog_rcv+0x142/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1148\n __release_sock+0x1d3/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3213\n release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767\n sctp_wait_for_connect+0x458/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9367\n sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x223a/0x2260 net/sctp/socket.c:1886\n sctp_sendmsg+0x3910/0x49f0 net/sctp/socket.c:2032\n inet_sendmsg+0x269/0x2a0 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline]\n\nThis patch fixes it by linearizing cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv()."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T05:56:38.464Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0194e391bb493aa6cec56d177b14df6b29188d5"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/03d0cc6889e02420125510b5444b570f4bbf53d5"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd0e92bb2b7542fb96397ffac639b4f5b099d0cb"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4506bcaabe004d07be8ff09116a3024fbd6aa965"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea094f38d387d1b0ded5dee4a3e5720aa4ce0139"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d757f17bc2ef2727994ffa6d5d6e4bc4789a770"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fc66772607101bd2030a4332b3bd0ea3b3605250"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bd5214ea681584c5886fea3ba03e49f93a43c0e"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd60d8a086191fe33c2d719732d2482052fa6805"
}
],
"title": "sctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-38718",
"datePublished": "2025-09-04T15:33:12.448Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.033Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T05:56:38.464Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…