CVE-2025-38528 (GCVE-0-2025-38528)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-16 11:12 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers
static const char fmt[] = "%p%";
bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));
The above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at
runtime:
Please remove unsupported %\x00 in format string
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0
This happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,
detected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by
not skipping over punctuation. %\x00 is then processed in the next
iteration and rejected.
Severity
7.1 (High)
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915 , < 97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39
(git)
Affected: 48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915 , < 61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4 (git) Affected: 48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915 , < e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289 (git) Affected: 48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915 , < 6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9 (git) Affected: 48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915 , < 1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8 (git) Affected: 48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915 , < f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.13
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.13 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.147 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.100 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.40 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.8 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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This patch fixes it by\\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\\\x00 is then processed in the next\\niteration and rejected.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf: Rechazo de la cadena de formato %p% en ayudantes similares a bprintf. static const char fmt[] = \\\"%p%\\\"; bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt)); El programa BPF anterior no se rechaza y genera una advertencia del kernel en tiempo de ejecuci\u00f3n: Por favor, elimine el %\\\\x00 no compatible en la cadena de formato. ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 en lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0. Esto ocurre porque bpf_bprintf_prepare omite el segundo %, detectado como signo de puntuaci\u00f3n, al procesar %p. 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"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Low",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T10:08:54+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38528",
"id": "CVE-2025-38528",
"initial_release_date": "2025-08-16T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "232",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Denial of Service in BPF due to format string vulnerability",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38528.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-29T01:18:24Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38528",
"id": "CVE-2025-38528",
"initial_release_date": "2025-08-16T23:22:41Z",
"product_status:first_fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "593",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "270",
"product_status:recommended": "472",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38528",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38528.json",
"version": "54"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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