CVE-2025-38352 (GCVE-0-2025-38352)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-22 08:04 – Updated: 2026-09-08 15:32
VLAI CISA Previdian
Title
posix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: posix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del() If an exiting non-autoreaping task has already passed exit_notify() and calls handle_posix_cpu_timers() from IRQ, it can be reaped by its parent or debugger right after unlock_task_sighand(). If a concurrent posix_cpu_timer_del() runs at that moment, it won't be able to detect timer->it.cpu.firing != 0: cpu_timer_task_rcu() and/or lock_task_sighand() will fail. Add the tsk->exit_state check into run_posix_cpu_timers() to fix this. This fix is not needed if CONFIG_POSIX_CPU_TIMERS_TASK_WORK=y, because exit_task_work() is called before exit_notify(). But the check still makes sense, task_work_add(&tsk->posix_cputimers_work.work) will fail anyway in this case.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: active Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-05 03:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 54/100 over 6618 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 , < 78a4b8e3795b31dae58762bc091bb0f4f74a2200 (git)
Affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 , < c076635b3a42771ace7d276de8dc3bc76ee2ba1b (git)
Affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 , < 2f3daa04a9328220de46f0d5c919a6c0073a9f0b (git)
Affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 , < 764a7a5dfda23f69919441f2eac2a83e7db6e5bb (git)
Affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 , < 2c72fe18cc5f9f1750f5bc148cf1c94c29e106ff (git)
Affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 , < c29d5318708e67ac13c1b6fc1007d179fb65b4d7 (git)
Affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 , < 460188bc042a3f40f72d34b9f7fc6ee66b0b757b (git)
Affected: 0bdd2ed4138ec04e09b4f8165981efc99e439f55 , < f90fff1e152dedf52b932240ebbd670d83330eca (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.36
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.36 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.295 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.239 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.186 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.142 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.94 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.34 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.3 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 8919cea1-7f34-4580-93a8-d0435055dd0e

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-38352

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2025-09-04 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-09-04
Asserted: 2025-09-04
Scope
Notes: KEV entry: Linux Kernel Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Condition Vulnerability | Affected: Linux / Kernel | Description: Linux kernel contains a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability that has a high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. | Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. | Due date: 2025-09-25 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): This vulnerability affects a common open-source component, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. Please check with specific vendors for information on patching status. For more information, please see: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=2c72fe18cc5f9f1750f5bc148cf1c94c29e106ff ; https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-09-01 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38352
Evidence

Type: Vendor Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 80%

Source: cisa-kev

Details
Cwes CWE-367
Feed CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog
Product Kernel
Due Date 2025-09-25
Date Added 2025-09-04
Vendorproject Linux
Vulnerabilityname Linux Kernel Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Condition Vulnerability
Knownransomwarecampaignuse Unknown
References
Created: 2026-02-02 12:25 UTC | Updated: 2026-02-06 07:17 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 4dfbc5d1-59f9-4ec9-b99b-61760e086d6c

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-38352

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-06-01 10:40 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2026-06-01
Asserted: 2026-06-01
Scope
Notes: KEVIntel entry: posix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del() | Affected: Linux / Linux | CVSS: 7.4 (HIGH) | EPSS: 0.01345 | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: False
Evidence

Type: Public Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 70%

Source: kevintel

Details
Feed KEVIntel (kevintel.com)
Title posix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del()
Vendor Linux
Product Linux
Added Date 2026-06-01T10:40:05.482Z
Cvss Score 7.4
Epss Score 0.01345
Cvss Severity HIGH
Epss Percentile 0.67735
Used In Malware unknown
Ahead Of Cisa Kev 
{
  "count": 1,
  "unit": "day"
}
Not Yet In Cisa Kev False
References
Created: 2026-06-23 14:03 UTC | Updated: 2026-07-10 06:14 UTC
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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      "shortDescription": "Linux kernel contains a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability that has a high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.",
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      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-38352.json",
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            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: posix-cpu-timers: corregir la ejecuci\u00f3n entre handle_posix_cpu_timers() y posix_cpu_timer_del(). Si una tarea no autorecuperadora que est\u00e1 saliendo ya ha pasado exit_notify() y llama a handle_posix_cpu_timers() desde IRQ, puede ser recuperada por su padre o depurador justo despu\u00e9s de unlock_task_sighand(). Si en ese momento se ejecuta un posix_cpu_timer_del() concurrente, no podr\u00e1 detectar timer-\u0026gt;it.cpu.firing != 0: cpu_timer_task_rcu() y/o lock_task_sighand() fallar\u00e1n. Agregue la verificaci\u00f3n tsk-\u0026gt;exit_state en run_posix_cpu_timers() para corregir esto. Esta correcci\u00f3n no es necesaria si CONFIG_POSIX_CPU_TIMERS_TASK_WORK=y, porque exit_task_work() se llama antes de exit_notify(). Pero la verificaci\u00f3n sigue teniendo sentido, task_work_add(\u0026amp;tsk-\u0026gt;posix_cputimers_work.work) fallar\u00e1 de todos modos en este caso."
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          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.295",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.239",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.186",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.142",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.94",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.36",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nposix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del()\n\nIf an exiting non-autoreaping task has already passed exit_notify() and\ncalls handle_posix_cpu_timers() from IRQ, it can be reaped by its parent\nor debugger right after unlock_task_sighand().\n\nIf a concurrent posix_cpu_timer_del() runs at that moment, it won\u0027t be\nable to detect timer-\u003eit.cpu.firing != 0: cpu_timer_task_rcu() and/or\nlock_task_sighand() will fail.\n\nAdd the tsk-\u003eexit_state check into run_posix_cpu_timers() to fix this.\n\nThis fix is not needed if CONFIG_POSIX_CPU_TIMERS_TASK_WORK=y, because\nexit_task_work() is called before exit_notify(). But the check still\nmakes sense, task_work_add(\u0026tsk-\u003eposix_cputimers_work.work) will fail\nanyway in this case."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached purely through local syscalls \u2014 `timer_create`/`timer_settime`/`timer_delete` (or `clock_nanosleep`) plus `ptrace`/`waitpid` to control task reaping \u2014 with the trigger arriving via the local timer tick. There is no network-facing path into posix-cpu-timers.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: it arms the CPU timer expiry, chooses the precise moment of `release_task()` by calling `waitpid()` from its own parent/tracer, and issues the concurrent `timer_delete()` from a sibling thread \u2014 retryable in a tight loop and widenable by queueing up to 20 timers on the firing list. Real-world exploitation of this exact bug confirms it is reliably winnable.\nPR:L - No capability or permission check exists anywhere on the path \u2014 `validate_clock_permissions()`/`pid_for_clock()` gate only on thread-group/pid existence, and `grep` for `capable`/`CAP_` in both posix-timers files returns nothing. Any unprivileged local user, including a seccomp-confined Android app UID, can reach it.\nUI:N - The attacker\u0027s own processes and threads perform every step \u2014 creating the timer, exiting the traced thread, reaping it, and deleting the timer. No victim action of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap objects and escalates within the kernel\u0027s own security authority, which is standard kernel privilege escalation. No hypervisor, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed `struct sigqueue` is linked into the signal pending list by `send_sigqueue()` and later copied out to userspace through `dequeue_signal()`/`rt_sigtimedwait()`, disclosing whatever now occupies the reclaimed slab object \u2014 an effectively arbitrary kernel-memory read. The `do_cpu_nanosleep()` variant additionally exposes reclaimed kernel stack.\nI:H - `send_sigqueue()` writes into the freed object (`q-\u003einfo.si_overrun++`) and performs a `list_add_tail()` linked-list insertion on attacker-resprayable memory, followed by a double free on dequeue \u2014 a classic controlled-write primitive leading to full privilege escalation, as demonstrated by in-the-wild exploitation of this flaw.\nA:H - Even without successful exploitation the race causes `BUG_ON(!(q-\u003eflags \u0026 SIGQUEUE_PREALLOC))` in `send_sigqueue()`, `WARN_ON_ONCE()` in the delete path, list corruption, and a double free \u2014 any of which oops or panic the kernel. Spinning the race is trivially repeatable as a denial of service."
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:01:20.234Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78a4b8e3795b31dae58762bc091bb0f4f74a2200"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c076635b3a42771ace7d276de8dc3bc76ee2ba1b"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f3daa04a9328220de46f0d5c919a6c0073a9f0b"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/764a7a5dfda23f69919441f2eac2a83e7db6e5bb"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2c72fe18cc5f9f1750f5bc148cf1c94c29e106ff"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c29d5318708e67ac13c1b6fc1007d179fb65b4d7"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/460188bc042a3f40f72d34b9f7fc6ee66b0b757b"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f90fff1e152dedf52b932240ebbd670d83330eca"
            }
          ],
          "title": "posix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del()",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-38352",
        "datePublished": "2025-07-22T08:04:25.277Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.006Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-08T15:32:28.302Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.