CVE-2025-37920 (GCVE-0-2025-37920)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-20 15:21 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:58
VLAI
Title
xsk: Fix race condition in AF_XDP generic RX path
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xsk: Fix race condition in AF_XDP generic RX path Move rx_lock from xsk_socket to xsk_buff_pool. Fix synchronization for shared umem mode in generic RX path where multiple sockets share single xsk_buff_pool. RX queue is exclusive to xsk_socket, while FILL queue can be shared between multiple sockets. This could result in race condition where two CPU cores access RX path of two different sockets sharing the same umem. Protect both queues by acquiring spinlock in shared xsk_buff_pool. Lock contention may be minimized in the future by some per-thread FQ buffering. It's safe and necessary to move spin_lock_bh(rx_lock) after xsk_rcv_check(): * xs->pool and spinlock_init is synchronized by xsk_bind() -> xsk_is_bound() memory barriers. * xsk_rcv_check() may return true at the moment of xsk_release() or xsk_unbind_dev(), however this will not cause any data races or race conditions. xsk_unbind_dev() removes xdp socket from all maps and waits for completion of all outstanding rx operations. Packets in RX path will either complete safely or drop.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50 , < 975b372313dc018b9bd6cc0d85d188787054b19e (git)
Affected: bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50 , < b6978c565ce33658543c637060852434b4248d30 (git)
Affected: bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50 , < 65d3c570614b892257dc58a1b202908242ecf8fd (git)
Affected: bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50 , < 75a240a3e8abf17b9e00b0ef0492b1bbaa932251 (git)
Affected: bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50 , < a1356ac7749cafc4e27aa62c0c4604b5dca4983e (git)
Affected: fd7c22ba7a0ad898b9ecf77dd53f5ccc48492e35 (git)
Affected: 8a090e3b73eaffe18e08ccc3fb5abecf6b0a9781 (git)
Affected: 5.1.20 , < 5.2 (semver)
Affected: 5.2.3 , < 5.3 (semver)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.3
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.164 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.123 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.28 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.6 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "include/net/xdp_sock.h",
            "include/net/xsk_buff_pool.h",
            "net/xdp/xsk.c",
            "net/xdp/xsk_buff_pool.c"
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            "include/net/xdp_sock.h",
            "include/net/xsk_buff_pool.h",
            "net/xdp/xsk.c",
            "net/xdp/xsk_buff_pool.c"
          ],
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              "version": "6.6.123",
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            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
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          "nodes": [
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxsk: Fix race condition in AF_XDP generic RX path\n\nMove rx_lock from xsk_socket to xsk_buff_pool.\nFix synchronization for shared umem mode in\ngeneric RX path where multiple sockets share\nsingle xsk_buff_pool.\n\nRX queue is exclusive to xsk_socket, while FILL\nqueue can be shared between multiple sockets.\nThis could result in race condition where two\nCPU cores access RX path of two different sockets\nsharing the same umem.\n\nProtect both queues by acquiring spinlock in shared\nxsk_buff_pool.\n\nLock contention may be minimized in the future by some\nper-thread FQ buffering.\n\nIt\u0027s safe and necessary to move spin_lock_bh(rx_lock)\nafter xsk_rcv_check():\n* xs-\u003epool and spinlock_init is synchronized by\n  xsk_bind() -\u003e xsk_is_bound() memory barriers.\n* xsk_rcv_check() may return true at the moment\n  of xsk_release() or xsk_unbind_dev(),\n  however this will not cause any data races or\n  race conditions. xsk_unbind_dev() removes xdp\n  socket from all maps and waits for completion\n  of all outstanding rx operations. Packets in\n  RX path will either complete safely or drop."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires the attacker to locally establish the vulnerable configuration \u2014 create two AF_XDP sockets, register a umem, bind both with XDP_SHARED_UMEM to the same device/queue_id, and attach a generic-XDP program redirecting into an xskmap. Although the race is sprung by packet reception, a purely remote attacker cannot create that state, so the attack vector is local.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: it creates both sockets sharing the single xsk_buff_pool, and generic XDP runs from the per-CPU backlog in __netif_receive_skb_core(), so sending traffic over veth/lo from threads pinned to different CPUs puts multiple CPUs into xsk_generic_rcv() concurrently on rxq index 0. No condition outside the attacker\u0027s influence is required, and the free_list_cnt u32 underflow makes the corrupted state persist across packets.\nPR:L - xsk_create() only requires ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_RAW), which an unprivileged user obtains via unshare -Urn; XDP attach needs CAP_NET_ADMIN, also user-namespace reachable. BPF program load needs CAP_BPF \u2014 an explicitly non-root delegated capability routinely granted to containers and AF_XDP dataplane workloads \u2014 so this is a low-privileged local user, not real root in the initial namespace.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence itself \u2014 socket setup, XDP attach, and traffic generation \u2014 with no action required from any other user or administrator.\nS:U - The corrupted objects (xsk_buff_pool, its free_list/free_heads arrays, adjacent slab memory) all live within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The fill-ring consumer race hands the same umem address and the same pool-\u003eheads[] xdp_buff_xsk to two sockets, and the empty-free_list case manufactures an xdp_buff_xsk whose data_hard_start is read from memory preceding the pool allocation; the resulting frames are surfaced to userspace through the mmap\u0027d RX rings, leaking kernel memory. The same corruption is leverageable into a broader arbitrary-read primitive.\nI:H - The bug yields wild writes with attacker-controlled packet payload (memcpy through a data_hard_start read out of bounds), clobbers pool-\u003exsk_tx_list.next, corrupts the shared free_list via concurrent list_add(), and overflows free_heads_cnt past the flexible array at the end of the pool allocation \u2014 a heap overflow with attacker-influenced contents, sufficient for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The multi-buffer path dereferences xsk_buff_alloc()\u0027s return without a NULL check after the racy xsk_buff_can_alloc() TOCTOU, producing a NULL-pointer write in softirq context; linked-list corruption, counter underflow, and double-ownership of buffers likewise cause oopses and panics."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:21.871Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/975b372313dc018b9bd6cc0d85d188787054b19e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6978c565ce33658543c637060852434b4248d30"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65d3c570614b892257dc58a1b202908242ecf8fd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75a240a3e8abf17b9e00b0ef0492b1bbaa932251"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1356ac7749cafc4e27aa62c0c4604b5dca4983e"
        }
      ],
      "title": "xsk: Fix race condition in AF_XDP generic RX path",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-37920",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-20T15:21:49.685Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.968Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:21.871Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-37920",
      "date": "2026-08-06",
      "epss": "0.00132",
      "percentile": "0.03141"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-03-31T15:11:55.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-37920",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-37920",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "11",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "xsk: Fix race condition in AF_XDP generic RX path",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-37920.json",
      "version": "8"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-37920\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-05-20T16:15:28.603\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:22:33.597\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nxsk: Fix race condition in AF_XDP generic RX path\\n\\nMove rx_lock from xsk_socket to xsk_buff_pool.\\nFix synchronization for shared umem mode in\\ngeneric RX path where multiple sockets share\\nsingle xsk_buff_pool.\\n\\nRX queue is exclusive to xsk_socket, while FILL\\nqueue can be shared between multiple sockets.\\nThis could result in race condition where two\\nCPU cores access RX path of two different sockets\\nsharing the same umem.\\n\\nProtect both queues by acquiring spinlock in shared\\nxsk_buff_pool.\\n\\nLock contention may be minimized in the future by some\\nper-thread FQ buffering.\\n\\nIt\u0027s safe and necessary to move spin_lock_bh(rx_lock)\\nafter xsk_rcv_check():\\n* xs-\u003epool and spinlock_init is synchronized by\\n  xsk_bind() -\u003e xsk_is_bound() memory barriers.\\n* xsk_rcv_check() may return true at the moment\\n  of xsk_release() or xsk_unbind_dev(),\\n  however this will not cause any data races or\\n  race conditions. xsk_unbind_dev() removes xdp\\n  socket from all maps and waits for completion\\n  of all outstanding rx operations. Packets in\\n  RX path will either complete safely or drop.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: xsk: Corrige la condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n en la ruta RX gen\u00e9rica AF_XDP Mueve rx_lock de xsk_socket a xsk_buff_pool. Corrige la sincronizaci\u00f3n para el modo umem compartido en la ruta RX gen\u00e9rica donde varios sockets comparten un solo xsk_buff_pool. La cola RX es exclusiva de xsk_socket, mientras que la cola FILL se puede compartir entre varios sockets. Esto podr\u00eda resultar en una condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n donde dos n\u00facleos de CPU acceden a la ruta RX de dos sockets diferentes que comparten el mismo umem. Protege ambas colas adquiriendo spinlock en xsk_buff_pool compartido. La contenci\u00f3n de bloqueos se puede minimizar en el futuro mediante alg\u00fan b\u00fafer FQ por subproceso. Es seguro y necesario mover spin_lock_bh(rx_lock) despu\u00e9s de xsk_rcv_check(): * xs-\u0026gt;pool y spinlock_init se sincronizan mediante barreras de memoria xsk_bind() -\u0026gt; xsk_is_bound(). * xsk_rcv_check() puede devolver verdadero al ejecutar xsk_release() o xsk_unbind_dev(); sin embargo, esto no causar\u00e1 ejecuci\u00f3ns de datos ni condiciones de ejecuci\u00f3n. xsk_unbind_dev() elimina el socket xdp de todos los mapas y espera a que se completen todas las operaciones de recepci\u00f3n pendientes. Los paquetes en la ruta de recepci\u00f3n se completar\u00e1n correctamente o se descartar\u00e1n.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/xdp_sock.h\",\"include/net/xsk_buff_pool.h\",\"net/xdp/xsk.c\",\"net/xdp/xsk_buff_pool.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50\",\"lessThan\":\"975b372313dc018b9bd6cc0d85d188787054b19e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50\",\"lessThan\":\"b6978c565ce33658543c637060852434b4248d30\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50\",\"lessThan\":\"65d3c570614b892257dc58a1b202908242ecf8fd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50\",\"lessThan\":\"75a240a3e8abf17b9e00b0ef0492b1bbaa932251\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"bf0bdd1343efbbf65b4d53aef1fce14acbd79d50\",\"lessThan\":\"a1356ac7749cafc4e27aa62c0c4604b5dca4983e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"fd7c22ba7a0ad898b9ecf77dd53f5ccc48492e35\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"8a090e3b73eaffe18e08ccc3fb5abecf6b0a9781\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.1.20\",\"lessThan\":\"5.2\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.2.3\",\"lessThan\":\"5.3\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/xdp_sock.h\",\"include/net/xsk_buff_pool.h\",\"net/xdp/xsk.c\",\"net/xdp/xsk_buff_pool.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.3\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.3\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.164\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.123\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.28\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14.6\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":4.7,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-362\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.1.20\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.2\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"EC3742A3-C6ED-4C21-A58F-884ACEC9E36C\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.2.3\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.28\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"33E3E81F-85A5-424B-8962-674C4672FE7E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.14.6\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"19E5095E-5950-43EA-8E78-FC860855293F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8D465631-2980-487A-8E65-40AE2B9F8ED1\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4C9D071F-B28E-46EC-AC61-22B913390211\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"13FC0DDE-E513-465E-9E81-515702D49B74\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T10:12:09+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-37920",
      "id": "CVE-2025-37920",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-20T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "232",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: xsk: Fix race condition in AF_XDP generic RX path",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-37920.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-25T00:54:36Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-37920",
      "id": "CVE-2025-37920",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-21T00:47:02Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "639",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "52",
      "product_status:recommended": "430",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-37920",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-37920.json",
      "version": "32"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.