CVE-2025-29927 (GCVE-0-2025-29927)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-21 14:34 – Updated: 2025-04-08 15:17Title
Authorization Bypass in Next.js Middleware
Summary
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 1.11.4 and prior to versions 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3, it is possible to bypass authorization checks within a Next.js application, if the authorization check occurs in middleware. If patching to a safe version is infeasible, it is recommend that you prevent external user requests which contain the x-middleware-subrequest header from reaching your Next.js application. This vulnerability is fixed in 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-08 15:16 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
Shadowserver
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 85c8c946-05ed-4751-a445-9d7d88c4b432
Exploited: Yes
Characteristics
Severity:
91.0
Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-04-24
Asserted: 2025-04-24
Last Seen: 2026-07-02
Scope
Asset Exposure: ['internet-facing']
Notes: Affected: Next.js / Next.js | Class: web-app-framework | Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.1) | IoT: no | In CISA KEV: no | Honeypot connections on 2026-07-02: 10
Evidence
Type: Honeypot
Signal: In The Wild Attempts
Confidence: 70%
Source: shadowserver
Details
| 1D | 1 |
|---|---|
| Iot | no |
| Feed | Shadowserver Foundation honeypot/exploited-vulnerabilities |
| Type | http-scan |
| Class | web-app-framework |
| 7D Avg | 0 |
| Vendor | Next.js |
| 30D Avg | 0 |
| 90D Avg | 0 |
| Product | Next.js |
| Cisa Kev | no |
| Connections | 10 |
| Observation Date | 2026-07-02 |
| Vulnerability Class | CVSS |
| Vulnerability Score | 9.1 |
| Vulnerability Severity | Critical |
References
Created: 2026-06-30 09:24 UTC
| Updated: 2026-07-04 01:00 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 1256794d-f284-4b33-b416-4cae0ffbdcf5
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-12-15
Asserted: 2025-12-15
Scope
Notes: KEVIntel entry: Authorization Bypass in Next.js Middleware | Affected: vercel / next.js | CVSS: 9.1 (CRITICAL) | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: True
Evidence
Type: Public Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 70%
Source: kevintel
Details
| Feed | KEVIntel (kevintel.com) |
|---|---|
| Title | Authorization Bypass in Next.js Middleware |
| Vendor | vercel |
| Product | next.js |
| Added Date | 2025-12-15T14:29:13.422Z |
| Cvss Score | 9.1 |
| Epss Score | None |
| Cvss Severity | CRITICAL |
| Epss Percentile | None |
| Used In Malware | unknown |
| Ahead Of Cisa Kev | None |
| Not Yet In Cisa Kev | True |
References
Created: 2026-06-23 14:03 UTC
| Updated: 2026-07-10 06:14 UTC
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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