GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2025-23166 (GCVE-0-2025-23166)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-19 01:25 – Updated: 2025-05-28 00:07
VLAI
Summary
The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-19 14:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
nodejs node Affected: 4.0 , < 4.* (semver)
Affected: 5.0 , < 5.* (semver)
Affected: 6.0 , < 6.* (semver)
Affected: 7.0 , < 7.* (semver)
Affected: 8.0 , < 8.* (semver)
Affected: 9.0 , < 9.* (semver)
Affected: 10.0 , < 10.* (semver)
Affected: 11.0 , < 11.* (semver)
Affected: 12.0 , < 12.* (semver)
Affected: 13.0 , < 13.* (semver)
Affected: 14.0 , < 14.* (semver)
Affected: 15.0 , < 15.* (semver)
Affected: 16.0 , < 16.* (semver)
Affected: 17.0 , < 17.* (semver)
Affected: 18.0 , < 18.* (semver)
Affected: 19.0 , < 19.* (semver)
Affected: 20.0 , ≤ 20.19.1 (semver)
Affected: 22.0 , ≤ 22.15.0 (semver)
Affected: 23.0 , ≤ 23.11.0 (semver)
Affected: 24.0 , ≤ 24.0.1 (semver)
Affected: 21.0 , < 21.* (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-23166",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-05-19T14:11:17.877460Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-248",
                "description": "CWE-248 Uncaught Exception",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-05-19T14:13:24.973Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "node",
          "vendor": "nodejs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "8.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "9.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "10.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "11.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "12.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "13.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "13.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "14.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "14.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "15.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "15.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "16.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "16.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "17.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "17.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "18.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "19.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "19.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "20.19.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "20.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "22.15.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "22.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "23.11.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "23.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "24.0.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "24.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "21.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "21.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-05-28T00:07:12.640Z",
        "orgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
        "shortName": "hackerone"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/may-2025-security-releases"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
    "assignerShortName": "hackerone",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-23166",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-19T01:25:08.462Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-01-12T01:00:00.648Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-05-28T00:07:12.640Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23166",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "epss": "0.00812",
      "percentile": "0.55214"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-23166\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"support@hackerone.com\",\"published\":\"2025-05-19T02:15:17.470\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T08:52:18.473\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Deferred\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"El m\u00e9todo SignTraits::DeriveBits() de C++ puede llamar incorrectamente a ThrowException() bas\u00e1ndose en las entradas proporcionadas por el usuario al ejecutarse en segundo plano, lo que provoca el bloqueo del proceso de Node.js. Estas operaciones criptogr\u00e1ficas se aplican com\u00fanmente a entradas no confiables. Por lo tanto, este mecanismo podr\u00eda permitir que un adversario bloquee remotamente un entorno de ejecuci\u00f3n de Node.js.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"support@hackerone.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"nodejs\",\"product\":\"node\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"6.0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"7.0\",\"lessThan\":\"7.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"8.0\",\"lessThan\":\"8.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9.0\",\"lessThan\":\"9.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"10.0\",\"lessThan\":\"10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"11.0\",\"lessThan\":\"11.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"12.0\",\"lessThan\":\"12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"13.0\",\"lessThan\":\"13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"14.0\",\"lessThan\":\"14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"15.0\",\"lessThan\":\"15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"16.0\",\"lessThan\":\"16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"17.0\",\"lessThan\":\"17.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"18.0\",\"lessThan\":\"18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"19.0\",\"lessThan\":\"19.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"20.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"20.19.1\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"22.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"22.15.0\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"23.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"23.11.0\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"24.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"24.0.1\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"21.0\",\"lessThan\":\"21.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV30\":[{\"source\":\"support@hackerone.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2025-05-19T14:11:17.877460Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-23166\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"yes\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-248\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/may-2025-security-releases\",\"source\":\"support@hackerone.com\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-06T13:19:04+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23166",
      "id": "CVE-2025-23166",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-19T01:25:08.462000+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "217",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "nodejs: Remote Crash via SignTraits::DeriveBits() in Node.js",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-23166.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-29T01:23:52Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23166",
      "id": "CVE-2025-23166",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-16T02:53:22Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "122",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "172",
      "product_status:recommended": "111",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-23166",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-23166.json",
      "version": "25"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-23166\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-05-19T14:11:17.877460Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-248\", \"description\": \"CWE-248 Uncaught Exception\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-05-19T14:12:48.368Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_0\": {\"version\": \"3.0\", \"baseScore\": 7.5, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"nodejs\", \"product\": \"node\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"6.0\", \"lessThan\": \"6.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"7.0\", \"lessThan\": \"7.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.0\", \"lessThan\": \"8.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9.0\", \"lessThan\": \"9.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"10.0\", \"lessThan\": \"10.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"11.0\", \"lessThan\": \"11.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"12.0\", \"lessThan\": \"12.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"13.0\", \"lessThan\": \"13.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"14.0\", \"lessThan\": \"14.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"15.0\", \"lessThan\": \"15.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"16.0\", \"lessThan\": \"16.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"17.0\", \"lessThan\": \"17.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"18.0\", \"lessThan\": \"18.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"19.0\", \"lessThan\": \"19.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"20.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"20.19.1\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"22.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"22.15.0\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"23.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"23.11.0\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"24.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"24.0.1\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"21.0\", \"lessThan\": \"21.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/may-2025-security-releases\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background thread, crashing the Node.js process. Such cryptographic operations are commonly applied to untrusted inputs. Thus, this mechanism potentially allows an adversary to remotely crash a Node.js runtime.\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1\", \"shortName\": \"hackerone\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-05-28T00:07:12.640Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-23166\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-05-28T00:07:12.640Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-01-12T01:00:00.648Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-05-19T01:25:08.462Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"hackerone\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.