CVE-2023-54140 (GCVE-0-2023-54140)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-24 13:06 – Updated: 2026-08-05 09:17
VLAI
Title
nilfs2: fix WARNING in mark_buffer_dirty due to discarded buffer reuse
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: fix WARNING in mark_buffer_dirty due to discarded buffer reuse A syzbot stress test using a corrupted disk image reported that mark_buffer_dirty() called from __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty() or nilfs_palloc_commit_alloc_entry() may output a kernel warning, and can panic if the kernel is booted with panic_on_warn. This is because nilfs2 keeps buffer pointers in local structures for some metadata and reuses them, but such buffers may be forcibly discarded by nilfs_clear_dirty_page() in some critical situations. This issue is reported to appear after commit 28a65b49eb53 ("nilfs2: do not write dirty data after degenerating to read-only"), but the issue has potentially existed before. Fix this issue by checking the uptodate flag when attempting to reuse an internally held buffer, and reloading the metadata instead of reusing the buffer if the flag was lost.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c , < 473795610594f261e98920f0945550314df36f07 (git)
Affected: 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c , < d95e403588738c7ec38f52b9f490b15e7745d393 (git)
Affected: 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c , < 99a73016a5e12a09586a96f998e91f9ea145cd00 (git)
Affected: 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c , < f1d637b63d8a27ac3386f186a694907f2717fc13 (git)
Affected: 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c , < b911bef132a06de01a745c6a24172d6db7216333 (git)
Affected: 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c , < 4da07e958bfda2d69d83db105780e8916e3ac02e (git)
Affected: 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c , < 46c11be2dca295742a5508ea910a77f7733fb7f4 (git)
Affected: 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c , < b308b3eabc429649b5501d36290cea403fbd746c (git)
Affected: 8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c , < cdaac8e7e5a059f9b5e816cda257f08d0abffacd (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 3.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.14.326 , ≤ 4.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 4.19.295 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.257 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.195 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.131 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.52 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.4.15 , ≤ 6.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.5.2 , ≤ 6.5.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
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              "value": "AV:L - The flaw is reached through ordinary local filesystem syscalls (mkdir, write, unlink) against a mounted nilfs2 volume, plus attacker-supplied on-disk image content; there is no network-facing path into fs/nilfs2.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both preconditions \u2014 a crafted corrupted nilfs2 image drives the deterministic __nilfs_error()/read-only degeneration that force-clears the buffers, and the attacker\u0027s own subsequent syscall reuses the stale cached buffer; syzbot has a reliable reproducer.\nPR:L - Once the volume is mounted, an unprivileged local user triggers the reuse through unprivileged VFS operations with no capability check on the path; the image reaches the kernel via removable media that desktop/kiosk auto-mounters mount without user privilege, matching the PR:L assigned to the same-family nilfs2 buffer-state CVEs.\nUI:N - On an auto-mounting host or an already-mounted shared nilfs2 volume, the attacker\u0027s own syscalls are sufficient and no victim action is needed to reach the vulnerable reuse.\nS:U - The corrupted buffer state and resulting panic are confined to the kernel\u0027s own security authority with no crossing into a hypervisor, IOMMU, or other authority.\nC:H - Reusing a discarded, non-uptodate buffer makes nilfs2 commit stale ifile/DAT allocator bitmaps, so the same inode number or DAT virtual blocknr can be handed out twice and distinct files alias the same on-disk blocks, exposing other users\u0027 file contents.\nI:H - mark_buffer_dirty() on a stale, unmapped buffer causes garbage inode blocks and allocator bitmaps to be written into the log, corrupting on-disk metadata and enabling cross-file block aliasing \u2014 arbitrary modification of data the attacker does not own.\nA:H - The reuse hits WARN_ON_ONCE(!buffer_uptodate(bh)) in mark_buffer_dirty(), which is an outright kernel panic on panic_on_warn systems, and the resulting buffer-state inconsistency drives further filesystem failures."
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after degenerating to read-only\\\"), but the issue has\\npotentially existed before.\\n\\nFix this issue by checking the uptodate flag when attempting to reuse an\\ninternally held buffer, and reloading the metadata instead of reusing the\\nbuffer if the flag was 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    "redhat_vex": {
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      "current_release_date": "2026-08-13T18:54:33+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-54140",
      "id": "CVE-2023-54140",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: Linux kernel: nilfs2 denial of service via discarded buffer reuse",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-54140.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-25T02:06:39Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-54140",
      "id": "CVE-2023-54140",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-25T00:54:42Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "354",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "205",
      "product_status:recommended": "426",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2023-54140",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2023-54140.json",
      "version": "30"
    }
  }
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.