Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8284 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-WPQM-P68X-Q6F8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:40 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:40
VLAI
Details

** DISPUTED ** CenterIM 4.22.3 and earlier allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a URI, related to "received URLs in the message window." NOTE: this issue has been disputed due to the user-assisted nature, since the URL must be selected and launched by the victim.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-1467"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-03-24T21:44:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "** DISPUTED **  CenterIM 4.22.3 and earlier allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a URI, related to \"received URLs in the message window.\"  NOTE: this issue has been disputed due to the user-assisted nature, since the URL must be selected and launched by the victim.",
  "id": "GHSA-wpqm-p68x-q6f8",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:40:28Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:40:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1467"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41362"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5283"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2008-April/msg00073.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2008-April/msg00076.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29489"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29597"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28362"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0956/references"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-WPRJ-MFCX-FRM7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:40 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:40
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Paristemi 0.8.3 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the SERVER_DIRECTORY parameter to unspecified scripts, a different vector than CVE-2006-6739. NOTE: The provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2006-6689"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2006-12-21T21:28:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Paristemi 0.8.3 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the SERVER_DIRECTORY parameter to unspecified scripts, a different vector than CVE-2006-6739.  NOTE: The provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
  "id": "GHSA-wprj-mfcx-frm7",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T07:40:37Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T07:40:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-6689"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/5086"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-WPV3-J7WC-292J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-21 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:04
VLAI
Details

user_login.cgi on Draytek Vigor2620 devices before 3.9.8.4 (and on all versions of Vigor2925 devices) allows attackers to send a crafted payload to modify the content of the code segment, insert shellcode, and execute arbitrary code.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-31447"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-21T17:15:46Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "user_login.cgi on Draytek Vigor2620 devices before 3.9.8.4 (and on all versions of Vigor2925 devices) allows attackers to send a crafted payload to modify the content of the code segment, insert shellcode, and execute arbitrary code.",
  "id": "GHSA-wpv3-j7wc-292j",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:04:56Z",
  "published": "2023-08-21T18:31:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31447"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://draytek.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/rrrrrrri/013c9eef64b265af4163478bfcf29ff4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WPW2-F6X3-8F7J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-05 06:30 – Updated: 2025-05-15 12:30
VLAI
Details

Brandon Rothel from QED Secure Solutions has found that the VAPIX API tcptest.cgi did not have a sufficient input validation allowing for a possible remote code execution. This flaw can only be exploited after authenticating with an operator- or administrator-privileged service account. The impact of exploiting this vulnerability is lower with operator-privileges compared to administrator-privileges service accounts. Axis has released patched AXIS OS versions for the highlighted flaw. Please refer to the Axis security advisory for more information and solution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5677"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-78",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-05T06:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Brandon\nRothel from QED Secure Solutions has found that the VAPIX API tcptest.cgi\ndid not have a sufficient input validation allowing for a possible remote code\nexecution. This flaw can only be exploited after authenticating with an\noperator- or administrator-privileged service account. The impact of exploiting\nthis vulnerability is lower with operator-privileges compared to\nadministrator-privileges service accounts. Axis has released patched AXIS OS\nversions for the highlighted flaw. Please refer to the Axis security advisory\nfor more information and solution.",
  "id": "GHSA-wpw2-f6x3-8f7j",
  "modified": "2025-05-15T12:30:26Z",
  "published": "2024-02-05T06:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5677"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.axis.com/dam/public/0a/47/d1/cve-2023-5677-en-US-483444.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.axis.com/dam/public/a9/dd/f1/cve-2023-5677-en-US-424335.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ4G-H799-937W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:41
VLAI
Details

Code injection vulnerability in installer for Intel(R) CSME before versions 11.8.65, 11.11.65, 11.22.65, 12.0.35 and Intel(R) TXE 3.1.65, 4.0.15 may allow an unprivileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-0091"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-05-17T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Code injection vulnerability in installer for Intel(R) CSME before versions 11.8.65, 11.11.65, 11.22.65, 12.0.35 and Intel(R) TXE 3.1.65, 4.0.15 may allow an unprivileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq4g-h799-937w",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T00:41:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:45:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0091"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K21423526"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00213.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ7C-GV3R-8F5J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-29 01:28 – Updated: 2022-04-29 01:28
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in emailreader_execute_on_each_page.inc.php in Cedric Email Reader 0.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the emailreader_ini parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2003-1411"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2003-12-31T05:00:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in emailreader_execute_on_each_page.inc.php in Cedric Email Reader 0.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the emailreader_ini parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq7c-gv3r-8f5j",
  "modified": "2022-04-29T01:28:03Z",
  "published": "2022-04-29T01:28:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2003-1411"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/11278"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/8024"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/5900"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/311173"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6820"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-WQ88-7MXF-GGCP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:05 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:05
VLAI
Details

Bamboo 2.2 before 5.8.5 and 5.9.x before 5.9.7 allows remote attackers with access to the Bamboo web interface to execute arbitrary Java code via an unspecified resource.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-6576"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-03T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Bamboo 2.2 before 5.8.5 and 5.9.x before 5.9.7 allows remote attackers with access to the Bamboo web interface to execute arbitrary Java code via an unspecified resource.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq88-7mxf-ggcp",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:05:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:05:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-6576"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/x/Hw7RLg"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/BAM-16439"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/134065/Bamboo-Java-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/536747/100/0/threaded"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ8W-M2G8-MV57

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 00:30 – Updated: 2024-11-19 21:31
VLAI
Details

PyMOL 2.5.0 contains a vulnerability in its "Run Script" function, which allows the execution of arbitrary Python code embedded within .PYM files. Attackers can craft a malicious .PYM file containing a Python reverse shell payload and exploit the function to achieve Remote Command Execution (RCE). This vulnerability arises because PyMOL treats .PYM files as Python scripts without properly validating or restricting the commands within the script, enabling attackers to run unauthorized commands in the context of the user running the application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-50636"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-11T23:15:05Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "PyMOL 2.5.0 contains a vulnerability in its \"Run Script\" function, which allows the execution of arbitrary Python code embedded within .PYM files. Attackers can craft a malicious .PYM file containing a Python reverse shell payload and exploit the function to achieve Remote Command Execution (RCE). This vulnerability arises because PyMOL treats .PYM files as Python scripts without properly validating or restricting the commands within the script, enabling attackers to run unauthorized commands in the context of the user running the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq8w-m2g8-mv57",
  "modified": "2024-11-19T21:31:31Z",
  "published": "2024-11-12T00:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50636"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/schrodinger/pymol-open-source/issues/405"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yamerooo123/CVE/blob/main/CVE-2024-50636/Description.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://youtu.be/SWnN_a1tUNc"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQC8-9V27-R965

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-03 18:31
VLAI
Details

MetInfo CMS versions 7.9, 8.0, and 8.1 contain an unauthenticated PHP code injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending crafted requests with malicious PHP code. Attackers can exploit insufficient input neutralization in the execution path to achieve remote code execution and gain full control over the affected server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-29014"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-01T13:16:35Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "MetInfo CMS versions 7.9, 8.0, and 8.1 contain an unauthenticated PHP code injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending crafted requests with malicious PHP code. Attackers can exploit insufficient input neutralization in the execution path to achieve remote code execution and gain full control over the affected server.",
  "id": "GHSA-wqc8-9v27-r965",
  "modified": "2026-04-03T18:31:06Z",
  "published": "2026-04-01T15:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29014"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://karmainsecurity.com/KIS-2026-06"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://websec.net/blog/cve-2026-29014-metinfo-cms-unauthenticated-php-code-injection-69cdc290c14a8a99e1f91b7a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.metinfo.cn"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/metinfo-cms-unauthenticated-php-code-injection-rce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2026/Apr/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQCF-Q92W-MCGR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:57
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in BageCMS 3.1.3. The attacker can execute arbitrary PHP code on the web server and can read any file on the web server via an index.php?r=admini/template/updateTpl&filename= URI.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-18258"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-10-11T21:01:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in BageCMS 3.1.3. The attacker can execute arbitrary PHP code on the web server and can read any file on the web server via an index.php?r=admini/template/updateTpl\u0026filename= URI.",
  "id": "GHSA-wqcf-q92w-mcgr",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:57:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T00:57:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18258"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rakjong/vuln/blob/master/Bagecms_vuln_1.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10284"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.