Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8373 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-PMX8-2F7X-FC82

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:35 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in content/fnc-readmail3.php in SocketMail 2.2.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the __SOCKETMAIL_ROOT parameter.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-5627"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-10-23T16:46:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in content/fnc-readmail3.php in SocketMail 2.2.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the __SOCKETMAIL_ROOT parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-pmx8-2f7x-fc82",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T18:35:20Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T18:35:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5627"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/37344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4554"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26162"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PMXM-7VM3-C6VR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:49 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:49
VLAI
Details

The writeLog function in fn_common.php in gps-server.net GPS Tracking Software (self hosted) through 3.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code via a crafted request that is mishandled during admin log viewing, as demonstrated by in a login request.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-17098"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-01-02T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The writeLog function in fn_common.php in gps-server.net GPS Tracking Software (self hosted) through 3.0 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code via a crafted request that is mishandled during admin log viewing, as demonstrated by \u003c?php system($_GET[cmd]); ?\u003e in a login request.",
  "id": "GHSA-pmxm-7vm3-c6vr",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:49:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:49:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-17098"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/pak0s/ea7a80c2614d9cd43cfb8230c65c9fec"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://s1.gps-server.net/changelog.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43431"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PP79-XV3Q-4HMV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:00 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:00
VLAI
Details

Mozilla Firefox 4.x through 7.0 and Thunderbird 5.0 through 7.0 perform access control without checking for use of the NoWaiverWrapper wrapper, which allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-3655"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-11-09T11:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Mozilla Firefox 4.x through 7.0 and Thunderbird 5.0 through 7.0 perform access control without checking for use of the NoWaiverWrapper wrapper, which allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site.",
  "id": "GHSA-pp79-xv3q-4hmv",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:00:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:00:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-3655"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=672182"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A14202"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2011-11/msg00020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/49055"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2011/mfsa2011-52.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PPC8-8HW8-WP4W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:33 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

SQL injection vulnerability in admin/index.php in Interspire ActiveKB 1.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the questId parameter in a hideQuestion ToDo action. NOTE: the catId vector is already covered by CVE-2007-5131.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-5425"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-10-12T23:17:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SQL injection vulnerability in admin/index.php in Interspire ActiveKB 1.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the questId parameter in a hideQuestion ToDo action.  NOTE: the catId vector is already covered by CVE-2007-5131.",
  "id": "GHSA-ppc8-8hw8-wp4w",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T18:33:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T18:33:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5425"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/38202"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/45486"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityvulns.ru/Rdocument901.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/482006/100/0/threaded"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PPG7-5CR7-7V24

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:57
VLAI
Details

PEAR HTML_QuickForm version 3.2.14 contains an eval injection (CWE-95) vulnerability in HTML_QuickForm's getSubmitValue method, HTML_QuickForm's validate method, HTML_QuickForm_hierselect's _setOptions method, HTML_QuickForm_element's _findValue method, HTML_QuickForm_element's _prepareValue method. that can result in Possible information disclosure, possible impact on data integrity and execution of arbitrary code. This attack appear to be exploitable via A specially crafted query string could be utilised, e.g. http://www.example.com/admin/add_practice_type_id[1]=fubar%27])%20OR%20die(%27OOK!%27);%20//&mode=live. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 3.2.15.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1999022"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-23T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "PEAR HTML_QuickForm version 3.2.14 contains an eval injection (CWE-95) vulnerability in HTML_QuickForm\u0027s getSubmitValue method, HTML_QuickForm\u0027s validate method, HTML_QuickForm_hierselect\u0027s _setOptions method, HTML_QuickForm_element\u0027s _findValue method, HTML_QuickForm_element\u0027s _prepareValue method. that can result in Possible information disclosure, possible impact on data integrity and execution of arbitrary code. This attack appear to be exploitable via A specially crafted query string could be utilised, e.g. http://www.example.com/admin/add_practice_type_id[1]=fubar%27])%20OR%20die(%27OOK!%27);%20//\u0026mode=live. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 3.2.15.",
  "id": "GHSA-ppg7-5cr7-7v24",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:57:28Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:57:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1999022"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://civicrm.org/advisory/civi-sa-2018-07-remote-code-execution-in-quickform"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://blog.pear.php.net/2018/07/19/security-vulnerability-announcement-html_quickform"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PPHF-GFRM-V32R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-17 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-25 02:56
VLAI
Summary
Code injection in ruby git
Details

ruby-git versions prior to v1.13.0 allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute an arbitrary ruby code by having a user to load a repository containing a specially crafted filename to the product. This vulnerability is different from CVE-2022-46648.

Severity
8.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "git"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.13.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-47318"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-25T02:56:35Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-17T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "ruby-git versions prior to v1.13.0 allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute an arbitrary ruby code by having a user to load a repository containing a specially crafted filename to the product. This vulnerability is different from CVE-2022-46648.",
  "id": "GHSA-pphf-gfrm-v32r",
  "modified": "2023-01-25T02:56:35Z",
  "published": "2023-01-17T12:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47318"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git/pull/602"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN16765254/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00043.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4KPFLSZPUM7APWVBRM5DCAY5OUVQBF4K"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Code injection in ruby git"
}

GHSA-PPJH-6557-7V9W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:03 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:03
VLAI
Details

Adobe Font Driver in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) web site or (2) file, aka "Adobe Font Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0090, CVE-2015-0091, CVE-2015-0092, and CVE-2015-0093.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-0088"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-03-11T10:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Font Driver in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) web site or (2) file, aka \"Adobe Font Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability,\" a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-0090, CVE-2015-0091, CVE-2015-0092, and CVE-2015-0093.",
  "id": "GHSA-ppjh-6557-7v9w",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:03:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:03:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-0088"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2015/ms15-021"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/72898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1031889"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PPM9-6VJ8-GFGP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-29 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33
VLAI
Details

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in David F. Carr RSVPMaker.This issue affects RSVPMaker: from n/a through 10.6.6.

Severity
10.0 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25054"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-29T09:15:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in David F. Carr RSVPMaker.This issue affects RSVPMaker: from n/a through 10.6.6.",
  "id": "GHSA-ppm9-6vj8-gfgp",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:37Z",
  "published": "2023-12-29T09:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/rsvpmaker/wordpress-rsvpmaker-plugin-10-6-6-remote-code-execution-rce-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PPPG-CPFQ-H7WR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-11 15:30 – Updated: 2025-02-06 19:11
VLAI
Summary
JSONPath Plus Remote Code Execution (RCE) Vulnerability
Details

Versions of the package jsonpath-plus before 10.0.7 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) due to improper input sanitization. An attacker can execute aribitrary code on the system by exploiting the unsafe default usage of vm in Node.

Note:

There were several attempts to fix it in versions 10.0.0-10.1.0 but it could still be exploited using different payloads

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jsonpath-plus"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.webjars.npm:jsonpath-plus"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "6.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-21534"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-14T16:27:22Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-11T13:15:15Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Versions of the package jsonpath-plus before 10.0.7 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) due to improper input sanitization. An attacker can execute aribitrary code on the system by exploiting the unsafe default usage of vm in Node.\n\n**Note:**\n\nThere were several attempts to fix it in versions [10.0.0-10.1.0](https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath/compare/v9.0.0...v10.1.0) but it could still be exploited using [different payloads](https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath/issues/226)",
  "id": "GHSA-pppg-cpfq-h7wr",
  "modified": "2025-02-06T19:11:00Z",
  "published": "2024-10-11T15:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21534"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath/issues/226"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath/issues/226#issuecomment-2424230316"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath/pull/233"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath/commit/6b2f1b4c234292c75912b790bf7e2d7339d4ccd3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath/commit/73ad72e5ee788d8287dea6e8283a3f16f63c9eb8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath/commit/b70aa713553caf838a63bac923195a5bc541fd72"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/JSONPath-Plus/JSONPath/compare/v9.0.0...v10.1.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSNPM-8185019"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-JSONPATHPLUS-7945884"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "JSONPath Plus Remote Code Execution (RCE) Vulnerability"
}

GHSA-PPV7-M4J5-H562

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:41 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:41
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in GeeCarts allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the id parameter to (1) show.php, (2) search.php, and (3) view.php. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-1622"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-04-02T17:44:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in GeeCarts allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the id parameter to (1) show.php, (2) search.php, and (3) view.php.  NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
  "id": "GHSA-ppv7-m4j5-h562",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:41:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:41:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1622"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41507"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28470"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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