CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8265 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GPJJ-6JR7-J6MX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-03 03:30The The Motors - Car Dealer, Rental & Listing WordPress theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 5.6.65. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.
*It is unclear exactly which version the issue was patched in from the changelog. Therefore, we used the latest version at the time of verification.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-03T03:15:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The The Motors - Car Dealer, Rental \u0026 Listing WordPress theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 5.6.65. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.\n\n*It is unclear exactly which version the issue was patched in from the changelog. Therefore, we used the latest version at the time of verification.",
"id": "GHSA-gpjj-6jr7-j6mx",
"modified": "2025-05-03T03:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-05-03T03:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://stylemixthemes.com/motors"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://themeforest.net/item/motors-automotive-cars-vehicle-boat-dealership-classifieds-wordpress-theme/13987211"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4635f5c1-c326-4f53-bc54-a402cf5dae00?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GPMC-5Q92-M4GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-29 01:28 – Updated: 2022-04-29 01:28PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in index.php for GONiCUS System Administrator (GOsa) 1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the plugin parameter to (1) 3fax/1blocklists/index.php; (2) 6departamentadmin/index.php, (3) 5terminals/index.php, (4) 4mailinglists/index.php, (5) 3departaments/index.php, and (6) 2groupd/index.php in 2administration/; or (7) the base parameter to include/help.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2003-1412"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2003-12-31T05:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in index.php for GONiCUS System Administrator (GOsa) 1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the plugin parameter to (1) 3fax/1blocklists/index.php; (2) 6departamentadmin/index.php, (3) 5terminals/index.php, (4) 4mailinglists/index.php, (5) 3departaments/index.php, and (6) 2groupd/index.php in 2administration/; or (7) the base parameter to include/help.php.",
"id": "GHSA-gpmc-5q92-m4gq",
"modified": "2022-04-29T01:28:02Z",
"published": "2022-04-29T01:28:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2003-1412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/11408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.grok.org.uk/pipermail/full-disclosure/2003-February/003932.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/8120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/313282/30/25760/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1006162"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GPPC-P6MF-9CJV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 18:31NVIDIA Merlin Transformers4Rec for all platforms contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause code injection. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-33233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-20T18:16:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NVIDIA Merlin Transformers4Rec for all platforms contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause code injection. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.",
"id": "GHSA-gppc-p6mf-9cjv",
"modified": "2026-01-20T18:31:57Z",
"published": "2026-01-20T18:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-33233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-33233"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GPPG-GQW8-WH9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-27 21:32 – Updated: 2024-06-28 21:57BerriAI/litellm version v1.35.8 contains a vulnerability where an attacker can achieve remote code execution. The vulnerability exists in the add_deployment function, which decodes and decrypts environment variables from base64 and assigns them to os.environ. An attacker can exploit this by sending a malicious payload to the /config/update endpoint, which is then processed and executed by the server when the get_secret function is triggered. This requires the server to use Google KMS and a database to store a model.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "litellm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.40.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5751"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-28T21:06:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-27T19:15:16Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "BerriAI/litellm version v1.35.8 contains a vulnerability where an attacker can achieve remote code execution. The vulnerability exists in the `add_deployment` function, which decodes and decrypts environment variables from base64 and assigns them to `os.environ`. An attacker can exploit this by sending a malicious payload to the `/config/update` endpoint, which is then processed and executed by the server when the `get_secret` function is triggered. This requires the server to use Google KMS and a database to store a model.",
"id": "GHSA-gppg-gqw8-wh9g",
"modified": "2024-06-28T21:57:33Z",
"published": "2024-06-27T21:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5751"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm/pull/4228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm/commit/fcea4c22ad96b24436f196ae709f71932e84b0b8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/berriai/litellm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/ae623c2f-b64b-4245-9ed4-f13a0a5824ce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "litellm vulnerable to remote code execution based on using eval unsafely"
}
GHSA-GPQ8-963W-8QC9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 12:31 – Updated: 2025-02-13 19:00The RocketMQ NameServer component still has a remote command execution vulnerability as the CVE-2023-33246 issue was not completely fixed in version 5.1.1.
When NameServer address are leaked on the extranet and lack permission verification, an attacker can exploit this vulnerability by using the update configuration function on the NameServer component to execute commands as the system users that RocketMQ is running as.
It is recommended for users to upgrade their NameServer version to 5.1.2 or above for RocketMQ 5.x or 4.9.7 or above for RocketMQ 4.x to prevent these attacks.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.rocketmq:rocketmq-namesrv"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.9.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.rocketmq:rocketmq-namesrv"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37582"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-12T17:30:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T10:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The RocketMQ NameServer component still has a remote command execution vulnerability as the CVE-2023-33246 issue was not completely fixed in version 5.1.1. \n\nWhen NameServer address are leaked on the extranet and lack permission verification, an attacker can exploit this vulnerability by using the update configuration function on the NameServer component to execute commands as the system users that RocketMQ is running as. \n\nIt is recommended for users to upgrade their NameServer version to 5.1.2 or above for RocketMQ 5.x or 4.9.7 or above for RocketMQ 4.x to prevent these attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-gpq8-963w-8qc9",
"modified": "2025-02-13T19:00:52Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T12:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37582"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/rocketmq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/m614czxtpvlztd7mfgcs2xcsg36rdbnc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/12/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "RocketMQ NameServer component Code Injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-GPQG-9388-QCWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-28 00:03A code injection vulnerability in Trend Micro Deep Security and Cloud One - Workload Security Agent for Linux version 20 and below could allow an attacker to escalate privileges and run arbitrary code in the context of root. Please note: an attacker must first obtain access to the target agent in an un-activated and unconfigured state in order to exploit this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23120"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-20T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A code injection vulnerability in Trend Micro Deep Security and Cloud One - Workload Security Agent for Linux version 20 and below could allow an attacker to escalate privileges and run arbitrary code in the context of root. Please note: an attacker must first obtain access to the target agent in an un-activated and unconfigured state in order to exploit this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-gpqg-9388-qcwr",
"modified": "2022-01-28T00:03:57Z",
"published": "2022-01-21T00:00:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000290104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.modzero.com/advisories/MZ-21-02-Trendmicro.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GPQH-RC5F-935M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:17 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:17avatarlist.php in the Your Account module, reached through modules.php, in Raven Web Services RavenNuke 2.30 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via PHP sequences in an element of the replacements array, which is processed by the preg_replace function with the eval switch, as specified in an element of the patterns array.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-0677"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-02-22T22:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "avatarlist.php in the Your Account module, reached through modules.php, in Raven Web Services RavenNuke 2.30 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via PHP sequences in an element of the replacements array, which is processed by the preg_replace function with the eval switch, as specified in an element of the patterns array.",
"id": "GHSA-gpqh-rc5f-935m",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:17:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:17:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-0677"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48789"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/8068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ravenphpscripts.com/postt17156.html\u0026sid=12d1201371612260a42fa846ebce7bad"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/52007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/500988/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.waraxe.us/advisory-72.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GPR5-V844-W6XC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:44 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:44PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in include/header.php in Werner Hilversum FAQ Manager 1.2, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the config_path parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-5288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-12-01T15:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in include/header.php in Werner Hilversum FAQ Manager 1.2, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the config_path parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-gpr5-v844-w6xc",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:44:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:44:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46840"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/7229"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/50184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/32868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/32472"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GPRH-7767-CW39
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-22 20:18Bolt CMS <= 4.2 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution. Unsafe theme rendering allows an authenticated attacker to edit theme to inject server-side template injection that leads to remote code execution.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "bolt/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40219"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-04-22T20:18:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-11T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Bolt CMS \u003c= 4.2 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution. Unsafe theme rendering allows an authenticated attacker to edit theme to inject server-side template injection that leads to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-gprh-7767-cw39",
"modified": "2022-04-22T20:18:24Z",
"published": "2022-04-12T00:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40219"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/bolt/core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bolt/core/blob/3b21a73ebf519b76756d3ad2841312d10ef11461/src/Controller/Frontend/TemplateController.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/iiSiLvEr/CVEs/tree/main/CVE-2021-40219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://boltcms.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Code Injection in Bolt CMS"
}
GHSA-GPXG-3CWF-59MG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2023-07-06 19:24Softnext Technologies Corp.’s SPAM SQR has a vulnerability of Code Injection within its specific function. An authenticated remote attacker with administrator privilege can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary system command to perform arbitrary system operation or disrupt service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24835"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-27T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Softnext Technologies Corp.\u2019s SPAM SQR has a vulnerability of Code Injection within its specific function. An authenticated remote attacker with administrator privilege can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary system command to perform arbitrary system operation or disrupt service.",
"id": "GHSA-gpxg-3cwf-59mg",
"modified": "2023-07-06T19:24:12Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-6955-c7612-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.