Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8272 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-G4WW-J67Q-3J45

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-15 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-16 15:31
VLAI
Details

Slah CMS v1.5.0 and below was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the session() function at config.php. This vulnerability is exploitable via a crafted input.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-30993"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T18:16:59Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Slah CMS v1.5.0 and below was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the session() function at config.php. This vulnerability is exploitable via a crafted input.",
  "id": "GHSA-g4ww-j67q-3j45",
  "modified": "2026-04-16T15:31:32Z",
  "published": "2026-04-15T18:31:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30993"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cve.joaopaulodeoliveira.dev/cve.php/published/CVE-2026-30993"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cve.joaopaulodeoliveira.dev/cve.php/reserved/slah-informatica-eval-injection-rce"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G4XW-JXRG-5F6M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-12 03:31 – Updated: 2026-02-24 14:20
VLAI
Summary
next-mdx-remote affected by arbitrary code execution in React server-side rendering of untrusted MDX content
Details

The serialize function used to compile MDX in next-mdx-remote is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution due to insufficient sanitization of MDX content.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next-mdx-remote"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0969"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-24T14:20:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-12T03:15:46Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The serialize function used to compile MDX in next-mdx-remote is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution due to insufficient sanitization of MDX content.",
  "id": "GHSA-g4xw-jxrg-5f6m",
  "modified": "2026-02-24T14:20:56Z",
  "published": "2026-02-12T03:31:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0969"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/next-mdx-remote/commit/4d527fdcaed911b87f427d0b4d3c711e817fa4b3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2026-01-arbitrary-code-execution-in-react-server-side-rendering-of-untrusted-mdx-content/77155"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/next-mdx-remote"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/next-mdx-remote/releases/tag/v6.0.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "next-mdx-remote affected by arbitrary code execution in React server-side rendering of untrusted MDX content"
}

GHSA-G539-5HV9-9M5X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:27 – Updated: 2025-04-09 04:10
VLAI
Details

WebKit in Apple Safari before 4.0, iPhone OS 1.0 through 2.2.1, and iPhone OS for iPod touch 1.1 through 2.2.1 does not initialize a pointer during handling of a Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) attr function call with a large numerical argument, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted HTML document.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-1698"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-06-10T18:00:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "WebKit in Apple Safari before 4.0, iPhone OS 1.0 through 2.2.1, and iPhone OS for iPod touch 1.1 through 2.2.1 does not initialize a pointer during handling of a Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) attr function call with a large numerical argument, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted HTML document.",
  "id": "GHSA-g539-5hv9-9m5x",
  "modified": "2025-04-09T04:10:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:27:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-1698"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A9484"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-July/msg01177.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-July/msg01196.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-July/msg01199.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-July/msg01200.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://blog.zoller.lu/2009/05/advisory-apple-safari-remote-code.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2009/Jun/msg00005.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2009/jun/msg00002.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2011-01/msg00006.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/55006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35379"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35588"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36062"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36790"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/37746"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/43068"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1022345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3613"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3639"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2009/dsa-1950"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:330"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2009-1128.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/504173/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/504295/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35260"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35318"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-822-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-836-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-857-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1522"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1621"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2011/0212"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-09-032"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-G54P-XMG7-P8P9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:29 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:29
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in inc/linkbar.php in Small Axe Weblog 0.3.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the cfile parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-0376"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-01-22T20:00:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in inc/linkbar.php in Small Axe Weblog 0.3.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the cfile parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-g54p-xmg7-p8p9",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:29:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:29:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0376"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/39765"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4937"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/28568"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27345"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-G56W-CWG4-HXX9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-22 21:30 – Updated: 2022-11-26 20:18
VLAI
Summary
Code injection in quarkus dev ui config editor
Details

A vulnerability was found in quarkus. This security flaw happens in Dev UI Config Editor which is vulnerable to drive-by localhost attacks leading to remote code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-vertx-http-deployment"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.14.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.14.2.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-vertx-http-deployment"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.13.5.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-4116"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-23T17:42:15Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-22T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in quarkus. This security flaw happens in Dev UI Config Editor which is vulnerable to drive-by localhost attacks leading to remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-g56w-cwg4-hxx9",
  "modified": "2022-11-26T20:18:38Z",
  "published": "2022-11-22T21:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4116"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-4116"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2144748"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/discussions/29527"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/discussions/29527#discussioncomment-4387809"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Code injection in quarkus dev ui config editor"
}

GHSA-G599-HV4Q-QR6W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-31 00:01 – Updated: 2022-08-11 00:00
VLAI
Details

EllieGrid Android Application version 3.4.1 is vulnerable to Code Injection. The application appears to evaluate user input as code (remote).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-30083"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-30T00:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "EllieGrid Android Application version 3.4.1 is vulnerable to Code Injection. The application appears to evaluate user input as code (remote).",
  "id": "GHSA-g599-hv4q-qr6w",
  "modified": "2022-08-11T00:00:43Z",
  "published": "2022-07-31T00:01:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30083"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portswigger.net/support/using-burp-to-test-for-code-injection-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G5GJ-RFRW-QG5P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:40 – Updated: 2025-04-03 15:30
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in ooComments 1.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the PathToComment parameter for (1) classes/class_admin.php and (2) classes/class_comments.php. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-1511"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-03-25T23:44:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in ooComments 1.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the PathToComment parameter for (1) classes/class_admin.php and (2) classes/class_comments.php.  NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
  "id": "GHSA-g5gj-rfrw-qg5p",
  "modified": "2025-04-03T15:30:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:40:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1511"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28401"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28401/exploit"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G5H2-PP6C-M6QP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-04 00:28 – Updated: 2022-05-04 00:28
VLAI
Details

Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 and 7 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing a deleted object, aka "OnReadyStateChange Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-0170"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-04-10T21:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 and 7 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing a deleted object, aka \"OnReadyStateChange Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-g5h2-pp6c-m6qp",
  "modified": "2022-05-04T00:28:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-04T00:28:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0170"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2012/ms12-023"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74381"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A15573"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/81128"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1026901"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA12-101A.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-G5HM-5H94-R32F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-02 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-02 21:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in Longwatch devices allows unauthenticated HTTP GET requests to execute arbitrary code via an exposed endpoint, due to the absence of code signing and execution controls. Exploitation results in SYSTEM-level privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-13658"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-02T20:15:50Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in Longwatch devices allows unauthenticated HTTP GET requests to execute arbitrary code via an exposed endpoint, due to the absence of code signing and execution controls. Exploitation results in SYSTEM-level privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-g5hm-5h94-r32f",
  "modified": "2025-12-02T21:31:30Z",
  "published": "2025-12-02T21:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13658"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-336-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G5HV-R743-V8PM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 09:30 – Updated: 2025-01-21 17:58
VLAI
Summary
Apache Airflow has DAG Author Code Execution possibility in airflow-scheduler
Details

Apache Airflow 2.4.0, and versions before 2.9.3, has a vulnerability that allows authenticated DAG authors to craft a doc_md parameter in a way that could execute arbitrary code in the scheduler context, which should be forbidden according to the Airflow Security model. Users should upgrade to version 2.9.3 or later which has removed the vulnerability.

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "apache-airflow"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.9.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-39877"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-277",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-17T17:59:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-17T08:15:02Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Apache Airflow 2.4.0, and versions before 2.9.3, has a vulnerability that allows authenticated DAG authors to craft a doc_md parameter in a way that could execute arbitrary code in the scheduler context, which should be forbidden according to the Airflow Security model. Users should upgrade to version 2.9.3 or later which has removed the vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-g5hv-r743-v8pm",
  "modified": "2025-01-21T17:58:56Z",
  "published": "2024-07-17T09:30:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39877"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/40522"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/commit/8159f6e24704f5e0e3b3217cf79ecf5083dce531"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/apache-airflow/PYSEC-2024-190.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/1xhj9dkp37d6pzn24ll2mf94wbqnb2y1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/16/7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Airflow has DAG Author Code Execution possibility in airflow-scheduler"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.