CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8283 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FM6C-RHCF-7439
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-29 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-06 22:57Cockpit versions 2.13.5 and earlier are vulnerable to arbitrary code execution via the filter parameter within multiple endpoints. This vulnerability allows an attacker to run system commands on the underlying infrastructure via the MongoLite $func operator.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "cockpit-hq/cockpit"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.14.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-38992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T22:57:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-29T15:16:05Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Cockpit versions 2.13.5 and earlier are vulnerable to arbitrary code execution via the filter parameter within multiple endpoints. This vulnerability allows an attacker to run system commands on the underlying infrastructure via the MongoLite $func operator.",
"id": "GHSA-fm6c-rhcf-7439",
"modified": "2026-05-06T22:57:15Z",
"published": "2026-04-29T15:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-38992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://felsec.com/posts/cockpit-cms-2.13.5-multi-vulns"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Cockpit-HQ/Cockpit"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cockpit-HQ/Cockpit/releases/tag/2.14.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Cockpit is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution"
}
GHSA-FM6R-QCM7-79PJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-03 15:30 – Updated: 2023-03-10 21:30An issue discovered in Shenzhen Zhibotong Electronics WBT WE1626 Router v 21.06.18 allows attacker to execute arbitrary commands via serial connection to the UART port.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45553"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-03T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue discovered in Shenzhen Zhibotong Electronics WBT WE1626 Router v 21.06.18 allows attacker to execute arbitrary commands via serial connection to the UART port.",
"id": "GHSA-fm6r-qcm7-79pj",
"modified": "2023-03-10T21:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-03-03T15:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.prodefense.io/zbt-we1626-wireless-router-cve-disclosures-b3534484d97d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://shenzhen.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://zbt.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FM77-94QM-4894
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-14 21:30 – Updated: 2026-05-21 19:29Crabbox prior to v0.12.0 contains an environment variable exposure vulnerability that allows attackers with access to a malicious or compromised repository to forward local secrets such as API tokens, cloud credentials, and broker tokens into the remote command environment. Attackers can exploit overly permissive environment variable allowlisting in repo-local Crabbox configuration to serialize sensitive environment variables into remote command execution, exposing credentials to the remote environment.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/openclaw/crabbox"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8634"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-21T19:29:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T20:17:21Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Crabbox prior to v0.12.0 contains an environment variable exposure vulnerability that allows attackers with access to a malicious or compromised repository to forward local secrets such as API tokens, cloud credentials, and broker tokens into the remote command environment. Attackers can exploit overly permissive environment variable allowlisting in repo-local Crabbox configuration to serialize sensitive environment variables into remote command execution, exposing credentials to the remote environment.",
"id": "GHSA-fm77-94qm-4894",
"modified": "2026-05-21T19:29:23Z",
"published": "2026-05-14T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/pull/78"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/commit/eaae40ae4ce009e60633f16f7f19600c74557f6f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/releases/tag/v0.12.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/crabbox-environment-variable-information-disclosure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Crabbox: environment variable exposure vulnerability"
}
GHSA-FM88-XWM2-F8G5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:27 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:27Unspecified vulnerability in Microsoft Office Excel Viewer 2003 up to SP3 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an Excel document with malformed cell comments that trigger memory corruption from an "allocation error," aka "Microsoft Office Cell Parsing Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-0113"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-03-11T23:44:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Microsoft Office Excel Viewer 2003 up to SP3 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an Excel document with malformed cell comments that trigger memory corruption from an \"allocation error,\" aka \"Microsoft Office Cell Parsing Memory Corruption Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-fm88-xwm2-f8g5",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:27:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:27:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2008/ms08-016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A5421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=120585858807305\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29321"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/489415/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA08-071A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0848/references"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-08-008"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FMC6-X6WW-78H8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:16 – Updated: 2025-10-22 03:30Excel in Microsoft Office 2000 SP3, Office XP SP3, Office 2003 SP3, and Office 2004 and 2008 for Mac; Excel in 2007 Microsoft Office System SP1 and SP2; Open XML File Format Converter for Mac; Microsoft Office Excel Viewer 2003 SP3; Microsoft Office Excel Viewer; and Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 File Formats SP1 and SP2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Excel file with a malformed record object, aka "Object Record Corruption Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-0557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-06-10T18:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Excel in Microsoft Office 2000 SP3, Office XP SP3, Office 2003 SP3, and Office 2004 and 2008 for Mac; Excel in 2007 Microsoft Office System SP1 and SP2; Open XML File Format Converter for Mac; Microsoft Office Excel Viewer 2003 SP3; Microsoft Office Excel Viewer; and Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 File Formats SP1 and SP2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Excel file with a malformed record object, aka \"Object Record Corruption Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-fmc6-x6ww-78h8",
"modified": "2025-10-22T03:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:16:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-0557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2009/ms09-021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A5564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2009-0557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/54953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35241"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1022351"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA09-160A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1540"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FMM9-QVPF-FFG7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:07 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:07Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 9 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing a deleted object, aka "OnBeforeDeactivate Event Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-1878"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-06-12T22:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 9 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing a deleted object, aka \"OnBeforeDeactivate Event Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-fmm9-qvpf-ffg7",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:07:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:07:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1878"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2012/ms12-037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A15632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA12-164A.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FMRV-G3HM-J6PP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-22 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-26 18:33SeaCMS 13.0 has a remote code execution vulnerability. The reason for this vulnerability is that although admin_files.php imposes restrictions on edited files, attackers can still bypass these restrictions and write code, allowing authenticated attackers to exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands and gain system privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42599"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-22T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SeaCMS 13.0 has a remote code execution vulnerability. The reason for this vulnerability is that although admin_files.php imposes restrictions on edited files, attackers can still bypass these restrictions and write code, allowing authenticated attackers to exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands and gain system privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-fmrv-g3hm-j6pp",
"modified": "2024-08-26T18:33:33Z",
"published": "2024-08-22T21:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42599"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/fushuling/cve/blob/master/CVE-2024-42599.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/fushuling/cve/blob/master/SeaCMS%20V13%20admin_files.php%20code%20injection.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FMRW-JMCM-J3VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:08 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:08The Cybozu Live application 1.0.4 and earlier for Android allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java methods, and obtain sensitive information or execute arbitrary commands, via a crafted web site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-4008"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-08-31T14:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Cybozu Live application 1.0.4 and earlier for Android allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java methods, and obtain sensitive information or execute arbitrary commands, via a crafted web site.",
"id": "GHSA-fmrw-jmcm-j3vf",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:08:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:08:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-4008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN23009798/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2012-000081"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://magazine.cybozulive.com/2012/08/291200.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FMWX-V2QF-4FP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-15 00:00custom-content-type-manager Wordpress plugin can be used by an administrator to achieve arbitrary PHP remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-3173"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-06T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "custom-content-type-manager Wordpress plugin can be used by an administrator to achieve arbitrary PHP remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-fmwx-v2qf-4fp6",
"modified": "2022-07-15T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-07-07T00:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.nettitude.com/uk/custom-content-type-manager-remote-code-execution"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/craftsmancoding/custom-content-type-manager/blob/master/readme.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/6b3d0736-7f08-4403-95eb-4385cb206f9e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FP3M-G5RC-4C28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 09:30 – Updated: 2025-06-30 12:51Stage.js through 0.8.10 allows DOM Clobbering (with resultant XSS for untrusted input that contains HTML but does not directly contain JavaScript), because document.currentScript lookup can be shadowed by attacker-injected HTML elements.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "stage-js"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.8.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-53386"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-03T20:17:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-03T07:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Stage.js through 0.8.10 allows DOM Clobbering (with resultant XSS for untrusted input that contains HTML but does not directly contain JavaScript), because document.currentScript lookup can be shadowed by attacker-injected HTML elements.",
"id": "GHSA-fp3m-g5rc-4c28",
"modified": "2025-06-30T12:51:24Z",
"published": "2025-03-03T09:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53386"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/jackfromeast/31d56f1ad17673aabb6ab541e65a5534"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/piqnt/stage.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/piqnt/stage.js/blob/919f6e94b14242f6e6994141a9e1188439d306d5/lib/core.js#L158-L159"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Stage.js DOM Clobbering vulnerabilty"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.