Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8313 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-C86G-PWGJ-7QQ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-08 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

The WordPress File Upload plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution, Arbitrary File Read, and Arbitrary File Deletion in all versions up to, and including, 4.24.15 via the 'wfu_file_downloader.php' file. This is due to lack of proper sanitization of the 'source' parameter and allowing a user-defined directory path. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute code on the server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-11613"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-08T07:15:26Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The WordPress File Upload plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution, Arbitrary File Read, and Arbitrary File Deletion in all versions up to, and including, 4.24.15 via the \u0027wfu_file_downloader.php\u0027 file. This is due to lack of proper sanitization of the \u0027source\u0027 parameter and allowing a user-defined directory path. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute code on the server.",
  "id": "GHSA-c86g-pwgj-7qq3",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:47Z",
  "published": "2025-01-08T09:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11613"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://abrahack.com/posts/wp-file-upload-rce-part2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.svn.wordpress.org/wp-file-upload/trunk/wfu_file_downloader.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3217005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/31052fe6-a0ae-4502-b2d2-dbc3b3bf672f?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C86H-F64G-3994

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-07 09:30 – Updated: 2024-09-07 09:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in lmxcms up to 1.4 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function formatData of the file /admin.php?m=Acquisi&a=testcj&lid=1 of the component SQL Command Execution Module. The manipulation of the argument data leads to code injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8523"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-07T09:15:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in lmxcms up to 1.4 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function formatData of the file /admin.php?m=Acquisi\u0026a=testcj\u0026lid=1 of the component SQL Command Execution Module. The manipulation of the argument data leads to code injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-c86h-f64g-3994",
  "modified": "2024-09-07T09:30:32Z",
  "published": "2024-09-07T09:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8523"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gaorenyusi/gaorenyusi/blob/main/lmx.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.276728"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.276728"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.399916"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C87W-642H-M97H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 12:31 – Updated: 2026-03-04 20:17
VLAI
Summary
Apache Ranger has a Code Injection vulnerability
Details

Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in NashornScriptEngineCreator is reported in Apache Ranger versions <= 2.7.0.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.8.0, which fixes this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.ranger:ranger-plugins-common"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.8.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59059"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-04T20:17:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-03T11:16:14Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in NashornScriptEngineCreator is reported in Apache Ranger versions \u003c= 2.7.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.8.0, which fixes this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-c87w-642h-m97h",
  "modified": "2026-03-04T20:17:02Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T12:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59059"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/ranger"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/z47q86rho80390lf2qcmoc2josvs0gtv"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/03/02/5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Ranger has a Code Injection vulnerability"
}

GHSA-C888-6X8J-W743

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-04 12:30 – Updated: 2025-09-04 12:30
VLAI
Details

The Easy Timer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.1 via the plugin's shortcodes. This is due to insufficient restriction of shortcode attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Editor-level access and above, to execute code on the server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-9519"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T10:42:35Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Easy Timer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.1 via the plugin\u0027s shortcodes. This is due to insufficient restriction of shortcode attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Editor-level access and above, to execute code on the server.",
  "id": "GHSA-c888-6x8j-w743",
  "modified": "2025-09-04T12:30:42Z",
  "published": "2025-09-04T12:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9519"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/easy-timer/trunk/shortcodes.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3355111"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9f2d8a68-4cb9-44bc-b4ae-43a8e8468634?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C88G-PPXF-5FV6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:56 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:56
VLAI
Details

Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in ImperialBB 2.3.5 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to upload and execute arbitrary PHP code by placing a .php filename in the Upload_Avatar parameter and sending the image/gif content type.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-3093"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-07-09T19:33:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in ImperialBB 2.3.5 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to upload and execute arbitrary PHP code by placing a .php filename in the Upload_Avatar parameter and sending the image/gif content type.",
  "id": "GHSA-c88g-ppxf-5fv6",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:56:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:56:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-3093"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43608"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6008"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://phplizardo.breizh-web.net/blog/2008/07/05/advisory-1-imperialbb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30939"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/30100"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-C8F8-RJV5-G482

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-29 02:59 – Updated: 2022-04-29 02:59
VLAI
Details

CRLF injection vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0.2800.1106 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary FTP commands via an ftp:// URL that contains a URL-encoded newline ("%0a") before the FTP command, which causes the commands to be inserted into the resulting FTP session, as demonstrated using a PORT command.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2004-1166"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2004-12-31T05:00:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "CRLF injection vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0.2800.1106 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary FTP commands via an ftp:// URL that contains a URL-encoded newline (\"%0a\") before the FTP command, which causes the commands to be inserted into the resulting FTP session, as demonstrated using a PORT command.",
  "id": "GHSA-c8f8-rjv5-g482",
  "modified": "2022-04-29T02:59:04Z",
  "published": "2022-04-29T02:59:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2004-1166"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2006/ms06-042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/18384"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A462"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=110253463305359\u0026w=2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/13404"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29346"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1012444"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/12299"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.rapid7.com/advisories/R7-0032.jsp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/489500/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/11826"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28208"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/3212"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0870"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-C8JH-W9VH-3VJ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:33 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in CARE2X 2G 2.2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the root_path parameter to (1) en_copyrite.php, (2) vi_copyrite.php, and (3) ar_copyrite.php in language/ directories; (4) class_access.php, (5) class_department.php, (6) class_config.php, (7) class_image.php, (8) class_ward.php, and (9) class_product.php in include/care_api_classes/; (10) gui/smarty_template/smarty_care.class.php; and possibly other components, different vectors than CVE-2007-1458.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-5418"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-10-12T21:17:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in CARE2X 2G 2.2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the root_path parameter to (1) en_copyrite.php, (2) vi_copyrite.php, and (3) ar_copyrite.php in language/ directories; (4) class_access.php, (5) class_department.php, (6) class_config.php, (7) class_image.php, (8) class_ward.php, and (9) class_product.php in include/care_api_classes/; (10) gui/smarty_template/smarty_care.class.php; and possibly other components, different vectors than CVE-2007-1458.",
  "id": "GHSA-c8jh-w9vh-3vj2",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T18:33:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T18:33:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5418"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43639"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43640"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43642"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43643"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43644"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43645"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43646"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43647"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/43648"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityvulns.com/Rdocument960.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/482006/100/0/threaded"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-C8M8-VX8J-3WR3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-02 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-10 21:30
VLAI
Details

A code injection vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed setting arbitrary environment variables from a single environment variable value in GitHub Actions when using a Windows based runner. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need existing permission to control the value of environment variables for use with GitHub Actions. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.8.0 and was fixed in versions 3.4.15, 3.5.12, 3.6.8, 3.7.5. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-22381"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-02T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A code injection vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed setting arbitrary environment variables from a single environment variable value in GitHub Actions when using a Windows based runner. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need existing permission to control the value of environment variables for use with GitHub Actions. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.8.0 and was fixed in versions 3.4.15, 3.5.12, 3.6.8, 3.7.5. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.",
  "id": "GHSA-c8m8-vx8j-3wr3",
  "modified": "2023-03-10T21:30:23Z",
  "published": "2023-03-02T21:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22381"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.4/admin/release-notes#3.4.15"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.5/admin/release-notes#3.5.12"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.6/admin/release-notes#3.6.8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.7/admin/release-notes#3.7.5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.8/admin/release-notes"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C8P5-VH9M-2GGJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-05 06:31 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33
VLAI
Details

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) before Virtual Appliance Host 22.0.843 Application 20.0.1923 allows Remote Code Execution V-2023-008.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27657"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-05T06:15:37Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) before Virtual Appliance Host 22.0.843 Application 20.0.1923 allows Remote Code Execution V-2023-008.",
  "id": "GHSA-c8p5-vh9m-2ggj",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:06Z",
  "published": "2025-03-05T06:31:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27657"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.printerlogic.com/saas/Print/Security/Security-Bulletins.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2025-04-08-vasion-printerlogic-83-vulnerabilities.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/18"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C8PF-2PV8-V359

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-28 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in realmag777 WordPress Meta Data and Taxonomies Filter (MDTF) allows Code Injection.This issue affects WordPress Meta Data and Taxonomies Filter (MDTF): from n/a through 1.3.3.4.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-50450"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-28T12:15:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in realmag777 WordPress Meta Data and Taxonomies Filter (MDTF) allows Code Injection.This issue affects WordPress Meta Data and Taxonomies Filter (MDTF): from n/a through 1.3.3.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-c8pf-2pv8-v359",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:09Z",
  "published": "2024-10-28T12:30:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50450"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wp-meta-data-filter-and-taxonomy-filter/vulnerability/wordpress-mdtf-meta-data-and-taxonomies-filter-plugin-1-3-3-4-bypass-vulnerability-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-meta-data-filter-and-taxonomy-filter/wordpress-mdtf-meta-data-and-taxonomies-filter-plugin-1-3-3-4-bypass-vulnerability-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.