CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14839 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-32R7-P8R7-9VWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-23 06:30 – Updated: 2023-05-23 06:30Missing Authorization in GitHub repository cloudexplorer-dev/cloudexplorer-lite prior to v1.1.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2844"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-23T04:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization in GitHub repository cloudexplorer-dev/cloudexplorer-lite prior to v1.1.0.",
"id": "GHSA-32r7-p8r7-9vwj",
"modified": "2023-05-23T06:30:36Z",
"published": "2023-05-23T06:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cloudexplorer-dev/cloudexplorer-lite/commit/d9f55a44e579d312977b02317b2020de758b763a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/6644b36e-603d-4dbe-8ee2-5df8b8fb2e22"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-32RP-Q37P-JG6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-20 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-28 21:12Mattermost version 6.4.x and earlier fails to properly check the plugin version when a plugin is installed from the Marketplace, which allows an authenticated and an authorized user to install and exploit an old plugin version from the Marketplace which might have known vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1384"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-04-28T21:12:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mattermost version 6.4.x and earlier fails to properly check the plugin version when a plugin is installed from the Marketplace, which allows an authenticated and an authorized user to install and exploit an old plugin version from the Marketplace which might have known vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-32rp-q37p-jg6w",
"modified": "2022-04-28T21:12:15Z",
"published": "2022-04-20T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1384"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Insecure plugin handling in Mattermost"
}
GHSA-32XJ-Q92G-HRXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-07 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:33The Piraeus Bank WooCommerce Payment Gateway plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized order status modification in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.4. This is due to missing authorization checks on the payment callback endpoint handler when processing the 'fail' callback from the payment gateway. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change any order's status to 'failed' via the publicly accessible WooCommerce API endpoint by providing only the order ID (MerchantReference parameter), which can be easily enumerated as order IDs are sequential integers. This can cause significant business disruption including canceled shipments, inventory issues, and loss of revenue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14460"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-07T12:16:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Piraeus Bank WooCommerce Payment Gateway plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized order status modification in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.4. This is due to missing authorization checks on the payment callback endpoint handler when processing the \u0027fail\u0027 callback from the payment gateway. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change any order\u0027s status to \u0027failed\u0027 via the publicly accessible WooCommerce API endpoint by providing only the order ID (MerchantReference parameter), which can be easily enumerated as order IDs are sequential integers. This can cause significant business disruption including canceled shipments, inventory issues, and loss of revenue.",
"id": "GHSA-32xj-q92g-hrxp",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:33:09Z",
"published": "2026-01-07T12:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14460"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-payment-gateway-for-piraeus-bank/tags/3.1.4/classes/WC_Piraeusbank_Gateway.php#L821"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-payment-gateway-for-piraeus-bank/trunk/classes/WC_Piraeusbank_Gateway.php#L821"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3439515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d7b15198-8f44-4390-862b-35d41eb8a854?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-32XP-GG7C-5HWM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-28 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in ThimPress LearnPress allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects LearnPress: from n/a through 4.2.7.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-22739"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-27T22:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in ThimPress LearnPress allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects LearnPress: from n/a through 4.2.7.5.",
"id": "GHSA-32xp-gg7c-5hwm",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:11Z",
"published": "2025-03-28T00:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/learnpress/vulnerability/wordpress-learnpress-plugin-4-2-7-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-32XX-66QM-74XH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-25 09:30 – Updated: 2024-12-25 09:30The WooCommerce Point of Sale plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation in all versions up to, and including, 6.1.0. This is due to insufficient validation on the 'logged_in_user_id' value when option values are empty and the ability for attackers to change the email of arbitrary user accounts. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change the email of arbitrary user accounts, including administrators, and reset their password to gain access to the account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11281"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-25T07:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The WooCommerce Point of Sale plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation in all versions up to, and including, 6.1.0. This is due to insufficient validation on the \u0027logged_in_user_id\u0027 value when option values are empty and the ability for attackers to change the email of arbitrary user accounts. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change the email of arbitrary user accounts, including administrators, and reset their password to gain access to the account.",
"id": "GHSA-32xx-66qm-74xh",
"modified": "2024-12-25T09:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-12-25T09:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://codecanyon.net/item/wordpress-woocommerce-pos-system-point-of-sale/21254976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2a0671b1-1414-4315-8a2d-bd1aabe091a4?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-333H-F5PR-9XG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-16 00:00Due to insecure session management, SAP Enable Now allows an unauthenticated attacker to gain access to user's account. On successful exploitation, an attacker can view or modify user data causing limited impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35293"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-10T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Due to insecure session management, SAP Enable Now allows an unauthenticated attacker to gain access to user\u0027s account. On successful exploitation, an attacker can view or modify user data causing limited impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-333h-f5pr-9xg9",
"modified": "2022-08-16T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-08-11T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3210566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-334H-VCFC-HW2V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 06:30 – Updated: 2024-11-13 06:30The Hash Elements plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the hash_elements_get_posts_title_by_id() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.7. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to retrieve draft post titles that should not be accessible to unauthenticated users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10802"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T04:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Hash Elements plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the hash_elements_get_posts_title_by_id() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.7. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to retrieve draft post titles that should not be accessible to unauthenticated users.",
"id": "GHSA-334h-vcfc-hw2v",
"modified": "2024-11-13T06:30:29Z",
"published": "2024-11-13T06:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3186151%40hash-elements\u0026new=3186151%40hash-elements\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/010590bc-98fb-4afe-9c5e-80ad4c50a34e?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3368-73H5-MJMR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-16 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-16 09:30The Premium Addons for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary Option Updates in versions up to, and including, 4.5.1. This is due to missing capability and nonce checks in the pa_dismiss_admin_notice AJAX action. This makes it possible for authenticated subscriber+ attackers to change arbitrary options with a restricted value of 1 on vulnerable WordPress sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-4445"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-16T07:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Premium Addons for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary Option Updates in versions up to, and including, 4.5.1. This is due to missing capability and nonce checks in the pa_dismiss_admin_notice AJAX action. This makes it possible for authenticated subscriber+ attackers to change arbitrary options with a restricted value of 1 on vulnerable WordPress sites.",
"id": "GHSA-3368-73h5-mjmr",
"modified": "2024-10-16T09:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-10-16T09:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ithemes.com/blog/wordpress-vulnerability-report-september-2021-part-2/#ib-toc-anchor-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2590819%40premium-addons-for-elementor\u0026new=2590819%40premium-addons-for-elementor\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/premium-addons-for-elementor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/2e5b3608-1dfc-468f-b3ae-12ce7c25ee6c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/cffb26bc-3d3f-4593-bb36-d2abcd67861e?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3373-7XWG-MR2V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33Missing Authorization vulnerability in jwpegram Block Spam By Math Reloaded allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs. This issue affects Block Spam By Math Reloaded: from n/a through 2.2.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-28872"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T21:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in jwpegram Block Spam By Math Reloaded allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs. This issue affects Block Spam By Math Reloaded: from n/a through 2.2.4.",
"id": "GHSA-3373-7xwg-mr2v",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:56Z",
"published": "2025-03-11T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28872"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/block-spam-by-math-reloaded/vulnerability/wordpress-block-spam-by-math-reloaded-plugin-2-2-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-339V-266X-79XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 20:52 – Updated: 2026-07-09 20:52Summary
Two related authorization gaps let a host that should no longer be trusted obtain a fresh, valid Nebula certificate, because nebula-mgmt does not re-evaluate revocation/authorization state at certificate issuance time — only at poll time.
1. Blocklist not enforced at sign / re-enroll time
internal/api/enroll.go:128 calls caMgr.Sign(...) without consulting the blocklist. The blocklist is only checked in the poll path (internal/api/updates.go:57, fingerprintInBlocklist). The blocklist is keyed by certificate fingerprint (internal/store/sqlite.go), so a re-enrollment produces a new fingerprint that is not in the blocklist.
mintEnrollmentTokenForHost (internal/api/hosts.go:491) authorizes the caller via canAccessHost but does not check the host status. There is no guard preventing a blocked host from transitioning back to enrolled (internal/store/sqlite.go, enrollHostInTx updates status unconditionally).
Impact: A host that an operator has blocked can be silently un-blocked by issuing a new enrollment token and re-enrolling — it receives a fresh certificate (new fingerprint) that passes all subsequent poll-time blocklist checks. Revocation is therefore not durable. Requires an operator action (minting a re-enroll token), so this is an integrity/operational-revocation failure rather than an unauthenticated bypass.
2. Renewal does not re-validate operator / CA status
Auto-renewal at poll time (internal/api/updates.go:285-319, signHostCert) reads host.Name, host.Groups, host.NebulaIPs from the DB and re-signs without checking whether the owning operator is still active or the CA still valid. DisableOperator (internal/store/sqlite_operators.go) revokes sessions and API keys but does not retire the operator's CAs, and pki/signer.go checks only CA cert time-expiry, not operator/CA status.
Impact: A host enrolled under an operator who is later disabled continues to renew its certificate indefinitely. Offboarding an operator does not cut off the hosts they provisioned.
Affected versions
Latest tagged release (v0.3.6) and main.
Remediation
- Call a blocklist/status guard inside
handleEnrollandsignHostCertbeforecaMgr.Sign(...); refuse issuance for a host whose status isblockedor whose previous fingerprint is on the blocklist. Require an explicit unblock before re-enroll. - At renewal, re-resolve the owning operator/CA status and reject renewal if the operator is disabled or the CA retired (force re-enrollment instead).
Discovery
Found during an internal source + offensive security audit (tracking issue #178). Adversarially cross-verified against the code paths above.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/forgekeep/nebula-mesh"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53602"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-613",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-09T20:52:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nTwo related authorization gaps let a host that should no longer be trusted obtain a fresh, valid Nebula certificate, because nebula-mgmt does not re-evaluate revocation/authorization state at certificate *issuance* time \u2014 only at poll time.\n\n## 1. Blocklist not enforced at sign / re-enroll time\n\n`internal/api/enroll.go:128` calls `caMgr.Sign(...)` without consulting the blocklist. The blocklist is only checked in the poll path (`internal/api/updates.go:57`, `fingerprintInBlocklist`). The blocklist is keyed by certificate *fingerprint* (`internal/store/sqlite.go`), so a re-enrollment produces a new fingerprint that is not in the blocklist.\n\n`mintEnrollmentTokenForHost` (`internal/api/hosts.go:491`) authorizes the caller via `canAccessHost` but does **not** check the host status. There is no guard preventing a `blocked` host from transitioning back to `enrolled` (`internal/store/sqlite.go`, `enrollHostInTx` updates status unconditionally).\n\n**Impact:** A host that an operator has blocked can be silently un-blocked by issuing a new enrollment token and re-enrolling \u2014 it receives a fresh certificate (new fingerprint) that passes all subsequent poll-time blocklist checks. Revocation is therefore not durable. Requires an operator action (minting a re-enroll token), so this is an integrity/operational-revocation failure rather than an unauthenticated bypass.\n\n## 2. Renewal does not re-validate operator / CA status\n\nAuto-renewal at poll time (`internal/api/updates.go:285-319`, `signHostCert`) reads `host.Name`, `host.Groups`, `host.NebulaIPs` from the DB and re-signs without checking whether the owning operator is still active or the CA still valid. `DisableOperator` (`internal/store/sqlite_operators.go`) revokes sessions and API keys but does not retire the operator\u0027s CAs, and `pki/signer.go` checks only CA cert time-expiry, not operator/CA status.\n\n**Impact:** A host enrolled under an operator who is later disabled continues to renew its certificate indefinitely. Offboarding an operator does not cut off the hosts they provisioned.\n\n## Affected versions\n\nLatest tagged release (v0.3.6) and `main`.\n\n## Remediation\n\n1. Call a blocklist/status guard inside `handleEnroll` and `signHostCert` **before** `caMgr.Sign(...)`; refuse issuance for a host whose status is `blocked` or whose previous fingerprint is on the blocklist. Require an explicit unblock before re-enroll.\n2. At renewal, re-resolve the owning operator/CA status and reject renewal if the operator is disabled or the CA retired (force re-enrollment instead).\n\n## Discovery\n\nFound during an internal source + offensive security audit (tracking issue #178). Adversarially cross-verified against the code paths above.",
"id": "GHSA-339v-266x-79xr",
"modified": "2026-07-09T20:52:27Z",
"published": "2026-07-09T20:52:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/forgekeep/nebula-mesh/security/advisories/GHSA-339v-266x-79xr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/forgekeep/nebula-mesh/issues/178"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/forgekeep/nebula-mesh"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "nebula-mesh: Host revocation is not durable - blocked/offboarded hosts can regain a valid certificate"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.