Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14837 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-26HR-X62R-XC25

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-18 09:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in miniOrange miniOrange's Google Authenticator miniorange-2-factor-authentication allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects miniOrange's Google Authenticator: from n/a through <= 6.1.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54745"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-18T08:15:56Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in miniOrange miniOrange\u0027s Google Authenticator miniorange-2-factor-authentication allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects miniOrange\u0027s Google Authenticator: from n/a through \u003c= 6.1.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-26hr-x62r-xc25",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:21Z",
  "published": "2025-12-18T09:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54745"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/miniorange-2-factor-authentication/vulnerability/wordpress-miniorange-s-google-authenticator-plugin-6-1-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/miniorange-2-factor-authentication/vulnerability/wordpress-miniorange-s-google-authenticator-plugin-6-1-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-26Q5-GRW2-6QHJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-27 09:30 – Updated: 2026-06-27 09:30
VLAI
Details

The Masteriyo LMS – LMS Course Builder, Quizzes & Certificates plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.1. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with student-level access and above, to modify the description (post content) of arbitrary course announcements authored by instructors or administrators.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-11773"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-27T08:16:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Masteriyo LMS \u2013 LMS Course Builder, Quizzes \u0026 Certificates plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.1. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with student-level access and above, to modify the description (post content) of arbitrary course announcements authored by instructors or administrators.",
  "id": "GHSA-26q5-grw2-6qhj",
  "modified": "2026-06-27T09:30:37Z",
  "published": "2026-06-27T09:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learning-management-system/tags/2.1.8/addons/course-announcement/Controllers/CourseAnnouncementController.php#L619"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learning-management-system/tags/2.1.8/addons/course-announcement/Controllers/CourseAnnouncementController.php#L782"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learning-management-system/tags/2.2.1/addons/course-announcement/Controllers/CourseAnnouncementController.php#L619"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learning-management-system/tags/2.2.1/addons/course-announcement/Controllers/CourseAnnouncementController.php#L782"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3583519%40learning-management-system\u0026new=3583519%40learning-management-system\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5780d762-2313-4c81-be02-99543359d824?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-26QV-CC62-952X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-03 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in d3wp WP Snow Effect allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects WP Snow Effect: from n/a through 1.1.15.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-64294"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-03T14:15:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in d3wp WP Snow Effect allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects WP Snow Effect: from n/a through 1.1.15.",
  "id": "GHSA-26qv-cc62-952x",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:23Z",
  "published": "2025-11-03T15:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64294"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-snow-effect/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-snow-effect-plugin-1-1-15-broken-access-control-to-notice-dismissal-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-snow-effect/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-snow-effect-plugin-1-1-15-broken-access-control-to-notice-dismissal-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-snow-effect/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-snow-effect-plugin-1-1-15-broken-access-control-to-notice-dismissal-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-26QV-FWP4-4P47

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-27 09:30 – Updated: 2026-06-27 09:30
VLAI
Details

The WP Full Stripe Free plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in versions up to, and including, 8.4.3 via the wpfs_update_failed_payment_status AJAX action. The handler is registered through both wp_ajax_ and wp_ajax_nopriv_ hooks and the underlying update_failed_payment_status() function performs no capability check, no nonce verification, and no logged-in check before calling $this->db->updatePaymentByEventId() with attacker-controlled POST parameters. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers who can obtain a valid Stripe Payment Intent ID for the target site (Payment Intent IDs are exposed to the customer browser during normal Stripe.js checkout flows) to manipulate payment records in the site's database, marking previously successful payments as failed and overwriting failure codes and messages with attacker-supplied values.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-12432"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-27T08:16:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WP Full Stripe Free plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in versions up to, and including, 8.4.3 via the wpfs_update_failed_payment_status AJAX action. The handler is registered through both wp_ajax_ and wp_ajax_nopriv_ hooks and the underlying update_failed_payment_status() function performs no capability check, no nonce verification, and no logged-in check before calling $this-\u003edb-\u003eupdatePaymentByEventId() with attacker-controlled POST parameters. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers who can obtain a valid Stripe Payment Intent ID for the target site (Payment Intent IDs are exposed to the customer browser during normal Stripe.js checkout flows) to manipulate payment records in the site\u0027s database, marking previously successful payments as failed and overwriting failure codes and messages with attacker-supplied values.",
  "id": "GHSA-26qv-fwp4-4p47",
  "modified": "2026-06-27T09:30:37Z",
  "published": "2026-06-27T09:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12432"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-full-stripe-free/tags/8.4.1/includes/wpfs-customer.php#L3840"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-full-stripe-free/tags/8.4.1/includes/wpfs-customer.php#L3865"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-full-stripe-free/tags/8.4.1/includes/wpfs-customer.php#L706"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-full-stripe-free/tags/8.4.1/includes/wpfs-database.php#L2652"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-full-stripe-free/tags/8.4.3/includes/wpfs-customer.php#L3840"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-full-stripe-free/tags/8.4.3/includes/wpfs-customer.php#L3865"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-full-stripe-free/tags/8.4.3/includes/wpfs-customer.php#L706"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-full-stripe-free/tags/8.4.3/includes/wpfs-database.php#L2652"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3584355%40wp-full-stripe-free\u0026new=3584355%40wp-full-stripe-free\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c5811d13-0c5d-4a10-86a1-6318cc2e7663?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-26RQ-FVC6-CMQF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-05 06:30 – Updated: 2022-12-06 18:30
VLAI
Details

Missing authorization vulnerability exists in Kyocera Document Solutions MFPs and printers, which may allow a network-adjacent attacker to alter the product settings without authentication by sending a specially crafted request. Affected products/versions are as follows: TASKalfa 7550ci/6550ci, TASKalfa 5550ci/4550ci/3550ci/3050ci, TASKalfa 255c/205c, TASKalfa 256ci/206ci, ECOSYS M6526cdn/M6526cidn, FS-C2126MFP/C2126MFP+/C2026MFP/C2026MFP+, TASKalfa 8000i/6500i, TASKalfa 5500i/4500i/3500i, TASKalfa 305/255, TASKalfa 306i/256i, LS-3140MFP/3140MFP+/3640MFP, ECOSYS M2535dn, LS-1135MFP/1035MFP, LS-C8650DN/C8600DN, ECOSYS P6026cdn, FS-C5250DN, LS-4300DN/4200DN/2100DN, ECOSYS P4040dn, ECOSYS P2135dn, and FS-1370DN.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41807"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-05T04:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing authorization vulnerability exists in Kyocera Document Solutions MFPs and printers, which may allow a network-adjacent attacker to alter the product settings without authentication by sending a specially crafted request. Affected products/versions are as follows: TASKalfa 7550ci/6550ci, TASKalfa 5550ci/4550ci/3550ci/3050ci, TASKalfa 255c/205c, TASKalfa 256ci/206ci, ECOSYS M6526cdn/M6526cidn, FS-C2126MFP/C2126MFP+/C2026MFP/C2026MFP+, TASKalfa 8000i/6500i, TASKalfa 5500i/4500i/3500i, TASKalfa 305/255, TASKalfa 306i/256i, LS-3140MFP/3140MFP+/3640MFP, ECOSYS M2535dn, LS-1135MFP/1035MFP, LS-C8650DN/C8600DN, ECOSYS P6026cdn, FS-C5250DN, LS-4300DN/4200DN/2100DN, ECOSYS P4040dn, ECOSYS P2135dn, and FS-1370DN.",
  "id": "GHSA-26rq-fvc6-cmqf",
  "modified": "2022-12-06T18:30:20Z",
  "published": "2022-12-05T06:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41807"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN46345126/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kyoceradocumentsolutions.co.jp/support/information/info_20221101.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kyoceradocumentsolutions.com/en/our-business/security/information/2022-11-01.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-26VH-HJQ5-FV9V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in wppal Easy Captcha allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Easy Captcha: from n/a through 1.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-33324"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in wppal Easy Captcha allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Easy Captcha: from n/a through 1.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-26vh-hjq5-fv9v",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:23Z",
  "published": "2024-12-13T15:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33324"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/easy-captcha/vulnerability/wordpress-easy-captcha-plugin-1-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-26X4-Q6JR-JJ73

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-15 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01
VLAI
Details

taocms 3.0.2 is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion via taocms\include\Model\file.php from line 60 to line 72.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-45015"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-14T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "taocms 3.0.2 is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion via taocms\\include\\Model\\file.php from line 60 to line 72.",
  "id": "GHSA-26x4-q6jr-jj73",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:50Z",
  "published": "2021-12-15T00:01:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45015"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/taogogo/taocms/issues/12"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2729-W29V-P8PM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-12 06:31 – Updated: 2025-12-12 06:31
VLAI
Details

The LazyTasks – Project & Task Management with Collaboration, Kanban and Gantt Chart plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.29. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity via the 'wp-json/lazytasks/api/v1/user/role/edit/' REST API endpoint prior to updating their details like email address. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's email addresses, including administrators, and leverage that to reset the user's password and gain access to their account. It is also possible for attackers to abuse this endpoint to grant users with access to additional roles within the plugin

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12963"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-12T04:15:40Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The LazyTasks \u2013 Project \u0026 Task Management with Collaboration, Kanban and Gantt Chart plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.29. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user\u0027s identity via the \u0027wp-json/lazytasks/api/v1/user/role/edit/\u0027 REST API endpoint prior to updating their details like email address. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user\u0027s email addresses, including administrators, and leverage that to reset the user\u0027s password and gain access to their account. It is also possible for attackers to abuse this endpoint to grant users with access to additional roles within the plugin",
  "id": "GHSA-2729-w29v-p8pm",
  "modified": "2025-12-12T06:31:12Z",
  "published": "2025-12-12T06:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12963"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/lazytasks-project-task-management"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c6998185-0f9b-48ab-9dca-05adf5ae603a?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-272Q-3RFM-9JXH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-13 15:30 – Updated: 2023-02-15 18:30
VLAI
Details

The GPT AI Power: Content Writer & ChatGPT & Image Generator & WooCommerce Product Writer & AI Training WordPress plugin before 1.4.38 does not perform any kind of nonce or privilege checks before letting logged-in users modify arbitrary posts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0405"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-13T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The GPT AI Power: Content Writer \u0026 ChatGPT \u0026 Image Generator \u0026 WooCommerce Product Writer \u0026 AI Training WordPress plugin before 1.4.38 does not perform any kind of nonce or privilege checks before letting logged-in users modify arbitrary posts.",
  "id": "GHSA-272q-3rfm-9jxh",
  "modified": "2023-02-15T18:30:21Z",
  "published": "2023-02-13T15:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0405"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/3ca9ac21-2bce-4480-9079-b4045b261273"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2742-FRWM-8W65

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-07 00:30 – Updated: 2023-02-14 21:30
VLAI
Details

An access control issue in Wavlink WL-WN530HG4 M30HG4.V5030.201217 allows unauthenticated attackers to download configuration data and log files and obtain admin credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-48166"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-06T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An access control issue in Wavlink WL-WN530HG4 M30HG4.V5030.201217 allows unauthenticated attackers to download configuration data and log files and obtain admin credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-2742-frwm-8w65",
  "modified": "2023-02-14T21:30:30Z",
  "published": "2023-02-07T00:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48166"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zvbuu3Hkk3CAkojAivlUESvtHblHJNLJdpGOoNtk-Vo/edit?usp=sharing"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strik3r0x1/Vulns/blob/main/WAVLINK%20WN530HG4.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.