CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14700 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GFMH-R8QH-W25V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2025-02-12 06:30The Click Mag - Viral WordPress News Magazine/Blog Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to a denial of service due to a missing capability check on the propanel_of_ajax_callback() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.6.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary option values on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to delete an option that would create an error on the site and deny service to legitimate users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13656"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T05:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Click Mag - Viral WordPress News Magazine/Blog Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to a denial of service due to a missing capability check on the propanel_of_ajax_callback() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.6.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary option values on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to delete an option that would create an error on the site and deny service to legitimate users.",
"id": "GHSA-gfmh-r8qh-w25v",
"modified": "2025-02-12T06:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-02-12T06:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://themeforest.net/item/click-mag-viral-wordpress-news-magazineblog-theme/18081003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ee5df5fe-4213-4d36-aa8f-7eb2710c32b6?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GFP2-4W95-V37R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-04 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 18:30In network service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39088"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276",
"CWE-77",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-04T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In network service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-gfp2-4w95-v37r",
"modified": "2023-01-10T18:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-01-04T12:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39088"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1610118225591336001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GFP2-6QHM-7X43
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-19 20:34 – Updated: 2025-03-19 20:34Impact
Any user can exploit the WikiManager REST API to create a new wiki, where the user could become an administrator and so performs other attacks on the farm. Note that this REST API is not bundled in XWiki Standard by default: it needs to be installed manually through the extension manager.
Patches
The problem has been patched in versions 15.10.15, 16.4.6 and 16.10.0 of the REST module.
Workarounds
There's no workaround other than upgrading the dependency.
References
- JIRA ticket: https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22490
- Commit of the fix: https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/82aa670106c7f5e6238ca6ed59a52d1800e05b99
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Jira XWiki.org * Email us at Security Mailing List
Attribution
You can specify here who reported the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-wiki-rest-default"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.4-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "15.10.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-wiki-rest-default"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "16.0.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "16.4.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-wiki-rest-default"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "16.5.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "16.10.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-29926"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-19T20:34:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-19T18:15:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nAny user can exploit the WikiManager REST API to create a new wiki, where the user could become an administrator and so performs other attacks on the farm.\nNote that this REST API is not bundled in XWiki Standard by default: it needs to be installed manually through the extension manager.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been patched in versions 15.10.15, 16.4.6 and 16.10.0 of the REST module.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere\u0027s no workaround other than upgrading the dependency.\n\n### References\n\n * JIRA ticket: https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22490\n * Commit of the fix: https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/82aa670106c7f5e6238ca6ed59a52d1800e05b99\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org/)\n* Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)\n\n### Attribution\n\nYou can specify here who reported the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-gfp2-6qhm-7x43",
"modified": "2025-03-19T20:34:56Z",
"published": "2025-03-19T20:34:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-gfp2-6qhm-7x43"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/82aa670106c7f5e6238ca6ed59a52d1800e05b99"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22490"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "The WikiManager REST API allows any user to create wikis"
}
GHSA-GFVV-6J3G-F3Q4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-27 09:40 – Updated: 2024-11-27 09:40The Hustle – Email Marketing, Lead Generation, Optins, Popups plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized form submissions due to a missing capability check on the submit_form() function in all versions up to, and including, 7.8.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to submit unpublished forms.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10580"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-27T07:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Hustle \u2013 Email Marketing, Lead Generation, Optins, Popups plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized form submissions due to a missing capability check on the submit_form() function in all versions up to, and including, 7.8.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to submit unpublished forms.",
"id": "GHSA-gfvv-6j3g-f3q4",
"modified": "2024-11-27T09:40:23Z",
"published": "2024-11-27T09:40:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wordpress-popup/tags/7.8.5/inc/front/hustle-module-front-ajax.php#L251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3196639/wordpress-popup/tags/7.8.6/inc/front/hustle-module-front-ajax.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3b2f8726-c4c4-4ed6-aa8d-4412cf5be061?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GFVW-89VW-XW22
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in Graham Quick Interest Slider quick-interest-slider allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Quick Interest Slider: from n/a through <= 3.1.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62153"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:01Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Graham Quick Interest Slider quick-interest-slider allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Quick Interest Slider: from n/a through \u003c= 3.1.5.",
"id": "GHSA-gfvw-89vw-xw22",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:00Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/quick-interest-slider/vulnerability/wordpress-quick-interest-slider-plugin-3-1-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/quick-interest-slider/vulnerability/wordpress-quick-interest-slider-plugin-3-1-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GFXG-3QF3-CV88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-31 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in Salesmate.io Salesmate Add-On for Gravity Forms allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs. This issue affects Salesmate Add-On for Gravity Forms: from n/a through 2.0.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-31533"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-31T13:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Salesmate.io Salesmate Add-On for Gravity Forms allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs. This issue affects Salesmate Add-On for Gravity Forms: from n/a through 2.0.3.",
"id": "GHSA-gfxg-3qf3-cv88",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:15Z",
"published": "2025-03-31T15:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31533"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/gf-salesmate-add-on/vulnerability/wordpress-salesmate-add-on-for-gravity-forms-plugin-2-0-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GG2X-Q5HW-WPJ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in bobbingwide oik allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects oik: from n/a through 4.15.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49241"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-06T13:15:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in bobbingwide oik allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects oik: from n/a through 4.15.1.",
"id": "GHSA-gg2x-q5hw-wpj9",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:21Z",
"published": "2025-06-06T15:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49241"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/oik/vulnerability/wordpress-oik-4-15-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GG44-XM5P-X9CM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 18:30 – Updated: 2023-07-12 22:30Jenkins ElasticBox CI Plugin 5.0.1 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.
Additionally, these HTTP endpoints do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:elasticbox"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "5.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37965"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-12T22:30:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T16:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins ElasticBox CI Plugin 5.0.1 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.\n\nAdditionally, these HTTP endpoints do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-gg44-xm5p-x9cm",
"modified": "2023-07-12T22:30:10Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-07-12/#SECURITY-3131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/12/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins ElasticBox CI Plugin missing permission check"
}
GHSA-GG53-WF5X-R3R6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-20 21:18 – Updated: 2022-09-20 21:18Impact
A bug in the security cache is storing rules associated to document Page1.Page2 and space Page1.Page2 in the same cache entry.
That means that it's possible to overwrite the rights of a space or a document by creating the page of the space with the same name and checking the right of the new one first so that they end up in the security cache and are used for the other too.
Patches
The problem has been patched in XWiki 12.10.11, 13.10.1, 13.4.6.
Workarounds
No workaround other than patching.
References
https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-14075 https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-18983
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Jira XWiki.org * Email us at Security Mailing List
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.10.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "13.0"
},
{
"fixed": "13.4.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "13.10"
},
{
"fixed": "13.10.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31167"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-20T21:18:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-07T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nA bug in the security cache is storing rules associated to document Page1.Page2 and space Page1.Page2 in the same cache entry.\n\nThat means that it\u0027s possible to overwrite the rights of a space or a document by creating the page of the space with the same name and checking the right of the new one first so that they end up in the security cache and are used for the other too.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been patched in XWiki 12.10.11, 13.10.1, 13.4.6.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNo workaround other than patching.\n\n### References\n\nhttps://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-14075\nhttps://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-18983\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org)\n* Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)",
"id": "GHSA-gg53-wf5x-r3r6",
"modified": "2022-09-20T21:18:43Z",
"published": "2022-09-20T21:18:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-gg53-wf5x-r3r6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31167"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-14075"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-18983"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XWiki Platform Security Parent POM vulnerable to overwriting of security rules of a page with a final page having the same reference"
}
GHSA-GG6X-VXMP-7WC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Seraphinite Solutions Seraphinite Post .DOCX Source allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Seraphinite Post .DOCX Source: from n/a through 2.16.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38727"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Seraphinite Solutions Seraphinite Post .DOCX Source allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Seraphinite Post .DOCX Source: from n/a through 2.16.9.",
"id": "GHSA-gg6x-vxmp-7wc5",
"modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:58Z",
"published": "2024-11-01T15:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/seraphinite-post-docx-source/wordpress-seraphinite-post-docx-source-plugin-2-16-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.