Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-829

Allowed

Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.

390 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-5241 (GCVE-0-2026-5241)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-03 12:33 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:46
VLAI
Title
Policy Bypass in LightGlue Nested Config Resolution in huggingface/transformers
Summary
A vulnerability in the LightGlue model loading path of huggingface/transformers version 5.2.0 allows an attacker-controlled model repository to execute arbitrary code during model initialization. The issue arises because the `trust_remote_code` parameter, intended to prevent remote code execution, is overridden by untrusted serialized configuration data in a nested code path. Specifically, when loading a LightGlue model using `AutoModel.from_pretrained()` with `trust_remote_code=False`, the `LightGlueConfig` reads the `trust_remote_code` value from the untrusted `config.json` file and propagates it into nested `AutoConfig.from_pretrained()` calls. This results in the execution of attacker-provided Python modules, even when the victim explicitly disables remote code execution. The vulnerability poses a high risk for environments such as API inference servers, research notebooks, CI/CD pipelines, and model evaluation workers, potentially leading to credential theft, lateral movement, or persistence/backdoor deployment.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
huggingface huggingface/transformers Affected: unspecified , < 5.5.0 (custom)
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 Unaffected: 1782471555 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 Unaffected: 1782471579 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 Unaffected: 1783073038 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 Unaffected: 1782991170 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 Unaffected: 1782471656 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 Unaffected: 1782471663 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 Unaffected: 1783069204 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 Unaffected: 1782471606 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1782135464 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1782136276 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1782135346 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1782132167 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1782132207 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1782132240 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1782132286 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1782132236 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1782132163 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
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Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed
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Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server     cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3     cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
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Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-4295 (GCVE-0-2026-4295)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-17 19:11 – Updated: 2026-03-18 14:07
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary code execution via crafted project files in Kiro IDE
Summary
Improper trust boundary enforcement in Kiro IDE before version 0.8.0 on all supported platforms might allow a remote unauthenticated threat actor to execute arbitrary code via maliciously crafted project directory files that bypass workspace trust protections when a local user opens the directory. To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.8.0 or higher.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AWS Kiro IDE Affected: 0.1.0 , < 0.8.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-4255 (GCVE-0-2026-4255)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-16 07:14 – Updated: 2026-03-16 19:03
VLAI
Title
DLL Injection Privilege Escalation
Summary
A DLL search order hijacking vulnerability in Thermalright TR-VISION HOME on Windows (64-bit) allows a local attacker to escalate privileges via DLL side-loading. The application loads certain dynamic-link library (DLL) dependencies using the default Windows search order, which includes directories that may be writable by non-privileged users.\n\n\n\nBecause these directories can be modified by unprivileged users, an attacker can place a malicious DLL with the same name as a legitimate dependency in a directory that is searched before trusted system locations. When the application is executed, which is always with administrative privileges, the malicious DLL is loaded instead of the legitimate library.\n\n\n\nThe application does not enforce restrictions on DLL loading locations and does not verify the integrity or digital signature of loaded libraries. As a result, attacker-controlled code may be executed within the security context of the application, allowing arbitrary code execution with elevated privileges.\n\n\n\nSuccessful exploitation requires that an attacker place a crafted malicious DLL in a user-writable directory that is included in the application's DLL search path and then cause the affected application to be executed. Once loaded, the malicious DLL runs with the same privileges as the application.\n\n\n\nThis issue affects \nTR-VISION HOME  versions up to and including 2.0.5.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
thermalright TR-VISION HOME Affected: 0 , < 2.0.5 (date)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Ard33
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-3991 (GCVE-0-2026-3991)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-30 18:27 – Updated: 2026-03-31 13:49
VLAI
Title
Elevation of Privileges in Symantec Data Loss Prevention Windows Endpoint
Summary
Symantec Data Loss Prevention Windows Endpoint, prior to 25.1 MP1, 16.1 MP2, 16.0 RU2 HF9, 16.0 RU1 MP1 HF12, and 16.0 MP2 HF15, may be susceptible to a Elevation of Privilege vulnerability, which is a type of issue whereby an attacker may attempt to compromise the software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Broadcom Data Loss Prevention Unaffected: 25.1.00100.60229
Unaffected: 16.1.00200.60431
Unaffected: 16.0.20009.60689
Unaffected: 16.0.10112.60928
Unaffected: 16.0.00215.62094
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-30 19:00
Credits
Manuel Feifel
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-1699 (GCVE-0-2026-1699)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-30 09:57 – Updated: 2026-02-02 19:26
VLAI
Summary
In the Eclipse Theia Website repository, the GitHub Actions workflow .github/workflows/preview.yml used pull_request_target trigger while checking out and executing untrusted pull request code. This allowed any GitHub user to execute arbitrary code in the repository's CI environment with access to repository secrets and a GITHUB_TOKEN with extensive write permissions (contents:write, packages:write, pages:write, actions:write). An attacker could exfiltrate secrets, publish malicious packages to the eclipse-theia organization, modify the official Theia website, and push malicious code to the repository.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Eclipse Foundation Eclipse Theia - Website Affected: 0 , < 2fb0cc4bfc372cfaef79feb4eebb6563778b2560 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Barak Haryati | JFrog
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-1628 (GCVE-0-2026-1628)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-02 13:24 – Updated: 2026-03-02 14:58
VLAI
Title
Mattermost allows external websites to open within the app, exposing preload functionality to non-trusted sites.
Summary
Mattermost Desktop App versions <=5.13.3 fail to attach listeners restricting navigation to external sites within the Mattermost app which allows a malicious server to expose preload script functionality to untrusted servers via having a user open an external link in their Mattermost server. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00596
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://mattermost.com/security-updates vendor-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Mattermost Mattermost Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.13.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.13.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
N/A
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-1342 (GCVE-0-2026-1342)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 23:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 14:24
VLAI
Title
Security Vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
Summary
IBM Verify Identity Access Container 11.0 through 11.0.2 and IBM Security Verify Access Container 10.0 through 10.0.9.1 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.2 and IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.1 could allow a locally authenticated user to execute malicious scripts from outside of its control sphere.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
ibm
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7268253 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Verify Identity Access Container Affected: 11.0 , ≤ 11.0.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access_container:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access_container:11.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access_container:11.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
IBM Security Verify Access Container Affected: 10.0 , ≤ 10.0.9.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access_container:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access_container:10.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access_container:10.0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
IBM Verify Identity Access Affected: 11.0 , ≤ 11.0.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access:11.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:verify_identity_access:11.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
IBM Security Verify Access Affected: 10.0 , ≤ 10.0.9.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_access:10.0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-0770 (GCVE-0-2026-0770)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-23 03:28 – Updated: 2026-02-26 14:44
VLAI
Title
Langflow exec_globals Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Langflow exec_globals Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Langflow. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the exec_globals parameter provided to the validate endpoint. The issue results from the inclusion of a resource from an untrusted control sphere. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-27325.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Langflow Langflow Affected: 1.4.2
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-01-09 16:38
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-70974 (GCVE-0-2025-70974)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-09 06:43 – Updated: 2026-07-15 11:47
VLAI
Summary
Fastjson before 1.2.48 mishandles autoType because, when an @type key is in a JSON document, and the value of that key is the name of a Java class, there may be calls to certain public methods of that class. Depending on the behavior of those methods, there may be JNDI injection with an attacker-supplied payload located elsewhere in that JSON document. This was exploited in the wild in 2023 through 2025. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18349. Also, a later bypass is covered by CVE-2022-25845.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-69257 (GCVE-0-2025-69257)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-30 19:15 – Updated: 2025-12-30 19:28
VLAI
Title
theshit vulnerable to unsafe loading of user-owned Python rules when running as root.
Summary
theshit is a command-line utility that automatically detects and fixes common mistakes in shell commands. Prior to version 0.1.1, the application loads custom Python rules and configuration files from user-writable locations (e.g., `~/.config/theshit/`) without validating ownership or permissions when executed with elevated privileges. If the tool is invoked with `sudo` or otherwise runs with an effective UID of root, it continues to trust configuration files originating from the unprivileged user's environment. This allows a local attacker to inject arbitrary Python code via a malicious rule or configuration file, which is then executed with root privileges. Any system where this tool is executed with elevated privileges is affected. In environments where the tool is permitted to run via `sudo` without a password (`NOPASSWD`), a local unprivileged user can escalate privileges to root without additional interaction. The issue has been fixed in version 0.1.1. The patch introduces strict ownership and permission checks for all configuration files and custom rules. The application now enforces that rules are only loaded if they are owned by the effective user executing the tool. When executed with elevated privileges (`EUID=0`), the application refuses to load any files that are not owned by root or that are writable by non-root users. When executed as a non-root user, it similarly refuses to load rules owned by other users. This prevents both vertical and horizontal privilege escalation via execution of untrusted code. If upgrading is not possible, users should avoid executing the application with `sudo` or as the root user. As a temporary mitigation, ensure that directories containing custom rules and configuration files are owned by root and are not writable by non-root users. Administrators may also audit existing custom rules before running the tool with elevated privileges.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AsfhtgkDavid theshit Affected: < 0.1.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-175: Code Inclusion

An adversary exploits a weakness on the target to force arbitrary code to be retrieved locally or from a remote location and executed. This differs from code injection in that code injection involves the direct inclusion of code while code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-201: Serialized Data External Linking

An adversary creates a serialized data file (e.g. XML, YAML, etc...) that contains an external data reference. Because serialized data parsers may not validate documents with external references, there may be no checks on the nature of the reference in the external data. This can allow an adversary to open arbitrary files or connections, which may further lead to the adversary gaining access to information on the system that they would normally be unable to obtain.

CAPEC-228: DTD Injection

An attacker injects malicious content into an application's DTD in an attempt to produce a negative technical impact. DTDs are used to describe how XML documents are processed. Certain malformed DTDs (for example, those with excessive entity expansion as described in CAPEC 197) can cause the XML parsers that process the DTDs to consume excessive resources resulting in resource depletion.

CAPEC-251: Local Code Inclusion

The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from the local machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.

CAPEC-252: PHP Local File Inclusion

The attacker loads and executes an arbitrary local PHP file on a target machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of PHP files that have known vulnerabilities, to load PHP files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.

CAPEC-253: Remote Code Inclusion

The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from a remote location. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load malicious files that the attacker placed on the remote machine, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.

CAPEC-263: Force Use of Corrupted Files

This describes an attack where an application is forced to use a file that an attacker has corrupted. The result is often a denial of service caused by the application being unable to process the corrupted file, but other results, including the disabling of filters or access controls (if the application fails in an unsafe way rather than failing by locking down) or buffer overflows are possible.

CAPEC-538: Open-Source Library Manipulation

Adversaries implant malicious code in open source software (OSS) libraries to have it widely distributed, as OSS is commonly downloaded by developers and other users to incorporate into software development projects. The adversary can have a particular system in mind to target, or the implantation can be the first stage of follow-on attacks on many systems.

CAPEC-549: Local Execution of Code

An adversary installs and executes malicious code on the target system in an effort to achieve a negative technical impact. Examples include rootkits, ransomware, spyware, adware, and others.

CAPEC-640: Inclusion of Code in Existing Process

The adversary takes advantage of a bug in an application failing to verify the integrity of the running process to execute arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. The adversary could use running code in the context of another process to try to access process's memory, system/network resources, etc. The goal of this attack is to evade detection defenses and escalate privileges by masking the malicious code under an existing legitimate process. Examples of approaches include but not limited to: dynamic-link library (DLL) injection, portable executable injection, thread execution hijacking, ptrace system calls, VDSO hijacking, function hooking, reflective code loading, and more.

CAPEC-660: Root/Jailbreak Detection Evasion via Hooking

An adversary forces a non-restricted mobile application to load arbitrary code or code files, via Hooking, with the goal of evading Root/Jailbreak detection. Mobile device users often Root/Jailbreak their devices in order to gain administrative control over the mobile operating system and/or to install third-party mobile applications that are not provided by authorized application stores (e.g. Google Play Store and Apple App Store). Adversaries may further leverage these capabilities to escalate privileges or bypass access control on legitimate applications. Although many mobile applications check if a mobile device is Rooted/Jailbroken prior to authorized use of the application, adversaries may be able to "hook" code in order to circumvent these checks. Successfully evading Root/Jailbreak detection allows an adversary to execute administrative commands, obtain confidential data, impersonate legitimate users of the application, and more.

CAPEC-695: Repo Jacking

An adversary takes advantage of the redirect property of directly linked Version Control System (VCS) repositories to trick users into incorporating malicious code into their applications.

CAPEC-698: Install Malicious Extension

An adversary directly installs or tricks a user into installing a malicious extension into existing trusted software, with the goal of achieving a variety of negative technical impacts.