Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15107 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W5RM-CGQJ-5HXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-28 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.1. Parsing a maliciously crafted file may lead to an unexpected app termination.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44284"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-28T21:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.1. Parsing a maliciously crafted file may lead to an unexpected app termination.",
"id": "GHSA-w5rm-cgqj-5hxq",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:31:59Z",
"published": "2024-10-28T21:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121570"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Oct/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Oct/12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Oct/13"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W5VH-2923-GP5C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:40 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32
VLAI
Details
Sudo before 1.9.5p2 has a Heap-based Buffer Overflow, allowing privilege escalation to root via "sudoedit -s" and a command-line argument that ends with a single backslash character:
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3156"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-193",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-26T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Sudo before 1.9.5p2 has a Heap-based Buffer Overflow, allowing privilege escalation to root via \"sudoedit -s\" and a command-line argument that ends with a single backslash character:",
"id": "GHSA-w5vh-2923-gp5c",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:40:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/sudoedit-pwned-cve-2021-3156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.synology.com/security/advisory/Synology_SA_21_02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sudo.ws/stable.html#1.9.5p2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/26/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/794544"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-3156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.beyondtrust.com/blog/entry/security-advisory-privilege-management-for-unix-linux-pmul-basic-and-privilege-management-for-mac-pmm-affected-by-sudo-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sudo-privesc-jan2021-qnYQfcM"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT212177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210128-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210128-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202101-33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LHXK6ICO5AYLGFK2TAX5MZKUXTUKWOJY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CALA5FTXIQBRRYUA2ZQNJXB6OQMAXEII"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LHXK6ICO5AYLGFK2TAX5MZKUXTUKWOJY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CALA5FTXIQBRRYUA2ZQNJXB6OQMAXEII"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/01/msg00022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10348"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/161160/Sudo-Heap-Based-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/161230/Sudo-Buffer-Overflow-Privilege-Escalation.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/161270/Sudo-1.9.5p1-Buffer-Overflow-Privilege-Escalation.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/161293/Sudo-1.8.31p2-1.9.5p1-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176932/glibc-syslog-Heap-Based-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Feb/42"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Jan/79"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Feb/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/26/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/27/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/27/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/02/15/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/09/14/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/30/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/30/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W5VM-RFV4-VQMC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2023-03-02 18:30
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in PDFResurrect before 0.18. pdf_load_pages_kids in pdf.c doesn't validate a certain size value, which leads to a malloc failure and out-of-bounds write.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14934"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-11T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in PDFResurrect before 0.18. pdf_load_pages_kids in pdf.c doesn\u0027t validate a certain size value, which leads to a malloc failure and out-of-bounds write.",
"id": "GHSA-w5vm-rfv4-vqmc",
"modified": "2023-03-02T18:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:53:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14934"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/enferex/pdfresurrect/commit/0c4120fffa3dffe97b95c486a120eded82afe8a6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/enferex/pdfresurrect/compare/v0.17...v0.18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/12/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4DBYXYU2VSDJ3NAL54IW2KYD3TZSR33M"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LXN6W5QTNQJ2LFDCQWKYSMMZ3NPUWP3U"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y243C2IFMRFQWHV62JCSHTMQGDDCICNF"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W5VX-F3XQ-8WCG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-30 21:31 – Updated: 2025-01-31 18:31
VLAI
Details
The affected product is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write, which could allow an attacker to send specially formatted UDP requests in order to write arbitrary data. This could result in remote code execution.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12248"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-30T19:15:13Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The affected product is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write, which could allow an attacker to send specially formatted UDP requests in order to write arbitrary data. This could result in remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-w5vx-f3xq-8wcg",
"modified": "2025-01-31T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-01-30T21:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-medical-advisories/icsma-25-030-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/cybersecurity-vulnerabilities-certain-patient-monitors-contec-and-epsimed-fda-safety-communication"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W5XM-2389-PJ9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-21 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-21 18:30
VLAI
Details
In RadioImpl::setCdmaBroadcastConfig of ril_service_legacy.cpp, there is a possible stack clash leading to memory corruption. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-243510139References: N/A
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In RadioImpl::setCdmaBroadcastConfig of ril_service_legacy.cpp, there is a possible stack clash leading to memory corruption. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-243510139References: N/A",
"id": "GHSA-w5xm-2389-pj9r",
"modified": "2022-12-21T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-12-21T18:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2022-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W62F-9GM7-596F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32
VLAI
Details
The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or a denial of service (memory corruption) because an unprivileged user can achieve read/write access to read-only pages. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r8p0 through r30p0.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-28664"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-416",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-10T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or a denial of service (memory corruption) because an unprivileged user can achieve read/write access to read-only pages. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r8p0 through r30p0.",
"id": "GHSA-w62f-9gm7-596f",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:01:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.arm.com/Arm%20Security%20Center/Mali%20GPU%20Driver%20Vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-28664"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W62W-XXMQ-VQHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:20
VLAI
Details
An error within the "find_green()" function (internal/dcraw_common.cpp) in LibRaw versions prior to 0.18.9 can be exploited to cause a stack-based buffer overflow and subsequently execute arbitrary code.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5808"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-07T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An error within the \"find_green()\" function (internal/dcraw_common.cpp) in LibRaw versions prior to 0.18.9 can be exploited to cause a stack-based buffer overflow and subsequently execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-w62w-xxmq-vqhx",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:20:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:20:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5808"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibRaw/LibRaw/commit/fd6330292501983ac75fe4162275794b18445bd9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibRaw/LibRaw/blob/master/Changelog.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/03/msg00036.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://secuniaresearch.flexerasoftware.com/advisories/81800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://secuniaresearch.flexerasoftware.com/secunia_research/2018-9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W637-QFJ6-5R7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19
VLAI
Details
Stack-based buffer overflow in TP-Link TL-WA850RE Wi-Fi Range Extender with hardware version 5 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (outage) via a long type parameter to /data/syslog.filter.json.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12693"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-23T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in TP-Link TL-WA850RE Wi-Fi Range Extender with hardware version 5 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (outage) via a long type parameter to /data/syslog.filter.json.",
"id": "GHSA-w637-qfj6-5r7q",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12693"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/advisability/the-in-security-of-the-tp-link-technologies-tl-wa850re-wi-fi-range-extender-26db87a7a0cc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W64Q-PG96-CPVQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-27 09:30 – Updated: 2023-05-27 09:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Tenda AC6 US_AC6V1.0BR_V15.03.05.19. Affected by this vulnerability is the function fromDhcpListClient. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-230077 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-27T08:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Tenda AC6 US_AC6V1.0BR_V15.03.05.19. Affected by this vulnerability is the function fromDhcpListClient. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-230077 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-w64q-pg96-cpvq",
"modified": "2023-05-27T09:30:15Z",
"published": "2023-05-27T09:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GleamingEyes/vul/blob/main/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.230077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.230077"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W64X-57P5-WVVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 21:32 – Updated: 2026-06-22 18:34
VLAI
Details
In WC-Radio, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0126"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-16T20:16:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In WC-Radio, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-w64x-57p5-wvvh",
"modified": "2026-06-22T18:34:00Z",
"published": "2026-06-16T21:32:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/pixel/2026/2026-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.