Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15331 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M328-RXH6-XC7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05
VLAI
Details
There is a stack-overflow at ecma-regexp-object.c:535 in ecma_regexp_match in JerryScript 2.2.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-23306"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-10T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "There is a stack-overflow at ecma-regexp-object.c:535 in ecma_regexp_match in JerryScript 2.2.0.",
"id": "GHSA-m328-rxh6-xc7w",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jerryscript-project/jerryscript/issues/3753"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M342-R7H7-VJ42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:05 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:05
VLAI
Details
Heap-based buffer overflow in the SPDY implementation in nginx 1.3.15 before 1.4.7 and 1.5.x before 1.5.12 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-0133"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-03-28T15:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in the SPDY implementation in nginx 1.3.15 before 1.4.7 and 1.5.x before 1.5.12 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-m342-r7h7-vj42",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:05:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:05:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2014-03/msg00095.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-announce/2014/000135.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/66537"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M346-CH57-HX46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-30 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-05 06:30
VLAI
Details
TRENDnet TEW755AP 1.13B01 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the login_name parameter in the do_graph_auth (sub_4061E0) function.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46582"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-30T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TRENDnet TEW755AP 1.13B01 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the login_name parameter in the do_graph_auth (sub_4061E0) function.",
"id": "GHSA-m346-ch57-hx46",
"modified": "2023-01-05T06:30:21Z",
"published": "2022-12-30T21:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46582"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://brief-nymphea-813.notion.site/Vul1-TEW755-bof-do_graph_auth-06984af9eb224f7fbcd27dbb6d7d2a2d"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M34R-5P3P-Q822
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-14 21:30 – Updated: 2026-05-15 00:30
VLAI
Details
Out of bounds write in Codecs in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 148.0.7778.168 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted video file. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
Severity
8.3 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8569"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T20:17:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out of bounds write in Codecs in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 148.0.7778.168 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted video file. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-m34r-5p3p-q822",
"modified": "2026-05-15T00:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-05-14T21:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_12.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/490229299"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M36Q-CHG6-V9P5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-08 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-09 15:30
VLAI
Details
Tenda W30E V1.0.1.25(633) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the account parameter at /goform/addUserName.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45509"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-08T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda W30E V1.0.1.25(633) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the account parameter at /goform/addUserName.",
"id": "GHSA-m36q-chg6-v9p5",
"modified": "2022-12-09T15:30:30Z",
"published": "2022-12-08T18:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/z1r00/IOT_Vul/blob/main/Tenda/W30E/addUserName/readme.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M379-528W-V8F7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:05 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:05
VLAI
Details
In Teeworlds 0.7.2, there is a failed bounds check in CDataFileReader::GetData() and CDataFileReader::ReplaceData() and related functions in engine/shared/datafile.cpp that can lead to an arbitrary free and out-of-bounds pointer write, possibly resulting in remote code execution.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10878"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-05T05:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Teeworlds 0.7.2, there is a failed bounds check in CDataFileReader::GetData() and CDataFileReader::ReplaceData() and related functions in engine/shared/datafile.cpp that can lead to an arbitrary free and out-of-bounds pointer write, possibly resulting in remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-m379-528w-v8f7",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:05:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:05:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10878"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/teeworlds/teeworlds/issues/2073"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5KCS2CFDYJFBLZ4QKVPNJWHOZEGQ2LBC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-07/msg00046.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-08/msg00077.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M396-RWGP-JW45
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-02 06:31 – Updated: 2024-12-02 18:31
VLAI
Details
In Modem, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01395886; Issue ID: MSV-1873.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20131"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-02T04:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Modem, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01395886; Issue ID: MSV-1873.",
"id": "GHSA-m396-rwgp-jw45",
"modified": "2024-12-02T18:31:55Z",
"published": "2024-12-02T06:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/December-2024"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M39H-XJMQ-4VGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-10 21:30 – Updated: 2023-08-10 21:30
VLAI
Details
An attacker can send a specially crafted message to the Wavelink Avalanche Manager, which could result in service disruption or arbitrary code execution.
Thanks to a Researcher at Tenable for finding and reporting.
Fixed in version 6.4.1.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32560"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-10T20:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An attacker can send a specially crafted message to the Wavelink Avalanche Manager, which could result in service disruption or arbitrary code execution.\n\nThanks to a Researcher at Tenable for finding and reporting.\n\nFixed in version 6.4.1.",
"id": "GHSA-m39h-xjmq-4vgf",
"modified": "2023-08-10T21:30:44Z",
"published": "2023-08-10T21:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Avalanche-Vulnerabilities-Addressed-in-6-4-1?language=en_US"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174459/Ivanti-Avalance-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174698/Ivanti-Avalanche-MDM-Buffer-Overflow.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M3F9-W3P3-P669
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-21 14:22 – Updated: 2024-10-30 23:23
VLAI
Summary
Heap buffer overflow in `QuantizedMul`
Details
Impact
An attacker can cause a heap buffer overflow in QuantizedMul by passing in invalid thresholds for the quantization:
import tensorflow as tf
x = tf.constant([256, 328], shape=[1, 2], dtype=tf.quint8)
y = tf.constant([256, 328], shape=[1, 2], dtype=tf.quint8)
min_x = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)
max_x = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)
min_y = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)
max_y = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)
tf.raw_ops.QuantizedMul(x=x, y=y, min_x=min_x, max_x=max_x, min_y=min_y, max_y=max_y)
This is because the implementation assumes that the 4 arguments are always valid scalars and tries to access the numeric value directly:
const float min_x = context->input(2).flat<float>()(0);
const float max_x = context->input(3).flat<float>()(0);
const float min_y = context->input(4).flat<float>()(0);
const float max_y = context->input(5).flat<float>()(0);
However, if any of these tensors is empty, then .flat<T>() is an empty buffer and accessing the element at position 0 results in overflow.
Patches
We have patched the issue in GitHub commit efea03b38fb8d3b81762237dc85e579cc5fc6e87.
The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by Ying Wang and Yakun Zhang of Baidu X-Team.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29535"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-18T22:38:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAn attacker can cause a heap buffer overflow in `QuantizedMul` by passing in invalid thresholds for the quantization:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\n\nx = tf.constant([256, 328], shape=[1, 2], dtype=tf.quint8)\ny = tf.constant([256, 328], shape=[1, 2], dtype=tf.quint8)\nmin_x = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)\nmax_x = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)\nmin_y = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)\nmax_y = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)\n\ntf.raw_ops.QuantizedMul(x=x, y=y, min_x=min_x, max_x=max_x, min_y=min_y, max_y=max_y)\n```\n\nThis is because the [implementation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/87cf4d3ea9949051e50ca3f071fc909538a51cd0/tensorflow/core/kernels/quantized_mul_op.cc#L287-L290) assumes that the 4 arguments are always valid scalars and tries to access the numeric value directly:\n\n```cc \nconst float min_x = context-\u003einput(2).flat\u003cfloat\u003e()(0);\nconst float max_x = context-\u003einput(3).flat\u003cfloat\u003e()(0);\nconst float min_y = context-\u003einput(4).flat\u003cfloat\u003e()(0);\nconst float max_y = context-\u003einput(5).flat\u003cfloat\u003e()(0);\n```\n\nHowever, if any of these tensors is empty, then `.flat\u003cT\u003e()` is an empty buffer and accessing the element at position 0 results in overflow.\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [efea03b38fb8d3b81762237dc85e579cc5fc6e87](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/efea03b38fb8d3b81762237dc85e579cc5fc6e87).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by Ying Wang and Yakun Zhang of Baidu X-Team.",
"id": "GHSA-m3f9-w3p3-p669",
"modified": "2024-10-30T23:23:48Z",
"published": "2021-05-21T14:22:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-m3f9-w3p3-p669"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/efea03b38fb8d3b81762237dc85e579cc5fc6e87"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2021-463.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2021-661.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2021-172.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Heap buffer overflow in `QuantizedMul`"
}
GHSA-M3FR-3G6G-RC8X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19
VLAI
Details
Exiv2::d2Data in types.cpp in Exiv2 v0.26 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) via a crafted image file.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17229"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-19T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Exiv2::d2Data in types.cpp in Exiv2 v0.26 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) via a crafted image file.",
"id": "GHSA-m3fr-3g6g-rc8x",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17229"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/issues/453"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00009.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.