CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15391 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J8F2-WCPW-6X9J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:14 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:14An issue was discovered in Adobe Acrobat and Reader: 2017.012.20098 and earlier versions, 2017.011.30066 and earlier versions, 2015.006.30355 and earlier versions, and 11.0.22 and earlier versions. The vulnerability is caused by a computation that writes data past the end of the intended buffer; the computation is part of handling an EMF EMR_BITBLT record. The vulnerability is a result of an out of range pointer offset that is used to access sub-elements of an internal data structure. An attacker can potentially leverage the vulnerability to corrupt sensitive data or execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-12-09T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Adobe Acrobat and Reader: 2017.012.20098 and earlier versions, 2017.011.30066 and earlier versions, 2015.006.30355 and earlier versions, and 11.0.22 and earlier versions. The vulnerability is caused by a computation that writes data past the end of the intended buffer; the computation is part of handling an EMF EMR_BITBLT record. The vulnerability is a result of an out of range pointer offset that is used to access sub-elements of an internal data structure. An attacker can potentially leverage the vulnerability to corrupt sensitive data or execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-j8f2-wcpw-6x9j",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:14:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:14:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb17-36.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101812"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039791"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J8GX-2792-8G3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:16IBM Spectrum Protect 7.1 and 8.1 server is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking. This could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system with the privileges of an administrator or user associated with the Spectrum Protect server or cause the Spectrum Protect server to crash. IBM X-Force ID: 179990.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-4415"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-23T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Spectrum Protect 7.1 and 8.1 server is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking. This could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system with the privileges of an administrator or user associated with the Spectrum Protect server or cause the Spectrum Protect server to crash. IBM X-Force ID: 179990.",
"id": "GHSA-j8gx-2792-8g3x",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:16:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:16:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/179990"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6195706"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J8H3-76XV-RH95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:20Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary code on an affected device. The vulnerabilities are due to insufficient boundary restrictions on user-supplied input to scripts in the web-based management interface. An attacker with administrative privileges that are sufficient to log in to the web-based management interface could exploit each vulnerability by sending crafted requests that contain overly large values to an affected device, causing a stack overflow. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to crash or allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges on the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-18T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary code on an affected device. The vulnerabilities are due to insufficient boundary restrictions on user-supplied input to scripts in the web-based management interface. An attacker with administrative privileges that are sufficient to log in to the web-based management interface could exploit each vulnerability by sending crafted requests that contain overly large values to an affected device, causing a stack overflow. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to crash or allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges on the underlying operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-j8h3-76xv-rh95",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:20:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:20:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-rv-routers-stack-vUxHmnNz"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J8H4-V947-5H7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-06 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-06 09:30When parsing the header for a DHAV file, there's an integer underflow in offset calculation that leads to reading the duration from before the start of the allocated buffer.
If we load a DHAV file that is larger than MAX_DURATION_BUFFER_SIZE bytes (0x100000) for example 0x101000 bytes, then at [0] we have size = 0x101000. At [1] we have end_buffer_size = 0x100000, and at [2] we have end_buffer_pos = 0x1000.
The loop then scans backwards through the buffer looking for the dhav tag; when it is found, we'll calculate end_pos based on a 32-bit offset read from the buffer.
There is subsequently a check [3] that end_pos is within the section of the file that has been copied into end_buffer, but it only correctly handles the cases where end_pos is before the start of the file or after the section copied into end_buffer, and not the case where end_pos is within the the file, but before the section copied into end_buffer. If we provide such an offset, (end_pos - end_buffer_pos) can underflow, resulting in the subsequent access at [4] occurring before the beginning of the allocation.
We recommend upgrading to version 8.0 or beyond.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59729"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-06T08:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "When parsing the header for a DHAV file, there\u0027s an integer underflow in offset calculation that leads to reading the duration from before the start of the allocated buffer.\n\nIf we load a DHAV file that is larger than MAX_DURATION_BUFFER_SIZE\u00a0bytes (0x100000) for example 0x101000 bytes, then at [0] we have size = 0x101000. At [1] we have end_buffer_size = 0x100000, and at [2] we have end_buffer_pos = 0x1000.\n\nThe loop then scans backwards through the buffer looking for the dhav\u00a0tag; when it is found, we\u0027ll calculate end_pos\u00a0based on a 32-bit offset read from the buffer.\n\nThere is subsequently a check [3] that end_pos\u00a0is within the section of the file that has been copied into end_buffer, but it only correctly handles the cases where end_pos\u00a0is before the start of the file\u00a0or after the section copied into end_buffer, and not the case where end_pos\u00a0is within the the file, but before the section copied into end_buffer. If we provide such an offset, (end_pos - end_buffer_pos)\u00a0can underflow, resulting in the subsequent access at [4] occurring before the beginning of the allocation.\n\nWe recommend upgrading to version 8.0 or beyond.",
"id": "GHSA-j8h4-v947-5h7q",
"modified": "2025-10-06T09:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-10-06T09:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59729"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issuetracker.google.com/433513232"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-J8H5-G58P-Q4RV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36An issue was discovered in the IPv6 stack in Contiki through 3.0. There are inconsistent checks for IPv6 header extension lengths. This leads to Denial-of-Service and potential Remote Code Execution via a crafted ICMPv6 echo packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25112"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-11T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the IPv6 stack in Contiki through 3.0. There are inconsistent checks for IPv6 header extension lengths. This leads to Denial-of-Service and potential Remote Code Execution via a crafted ICMPv6 echo packet.",
"id": "GHSA-j8h5-g58p-q4rv",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-343-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/815128"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J8J4-2JH5-RM7F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 00:31 – Updated: 2024-03-28 00:31A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Tenda FH1205 2.0.0.7(775). Affected is the function formexeCommand of the file /goform/execCommand. The manipulation of the argument cmdinput leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-258294 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3008"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-27T23:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Tenda FH1205 2.0.0.7(775). Affected is the function formexeCommand of the file /goform/execCommand. The manipulation of the argument cmdinput leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-258294 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-j8j4-2jh5-rm7f",
"modified": "2024-03-28T00:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-03-28T00:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH/FH1205/formexeCommand.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.258294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.258294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.301487"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J8JJ-GFQ9-XGX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-07 18:30 – Updated: 2023-12-09 06:30Tenda W30E V16.01.0.12(4843) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function via the function set_wan_status.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49410"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-07T17:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda W30E V16.01.0.12(4843) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function via the function set_wan_status.",
"id": "GHSA-j8jj-gfq9-xgx3",
"modified": "2023-12-09T06:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-12-07T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49410"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GD008/TENDA/blob/main/w30e/tenda_w30e_setIPv6Status/w30e_setIPv6Status.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J8JR-WPJH-77F3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:06In NFC server, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege in the system server with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-122361874
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9386"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-27T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In NFC server, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege in the system server with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-122361874",
"id": "GHSA-j8jr-wpjh-77f3",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:06:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9386"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J8M3-W6CG-P954
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-15 00:02 – Updated: 2023-08-08 15:31Heap buffer overflow in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 97.0.4692.99 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0301"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-12T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 97.0.4692.99 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-j8m3-w6cg-p954",
"modified": "2023-08-08T15:31:43Z",
"published": "2022-02-15T00:02:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_19.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1276331"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J8P6-QX4R-877V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: lpfc: Fix buffer free/clear order in deferred receive path
Fix a use-after-free window by correcting the buffer release sequence in the deferred receive path. The code freed the RQ buffer first and only then cleared the context pointer under the lock. Concurrent paths (e.g., ABTS and the repost path) also inspect and release the same pointer under the lock, so the old order could lead to double-free/UAF.
Note that the repost path already uses the correct pattern: detach the pointer under the lock, then free it after dropping the lock. The deferred path should do the same.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-39841"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-19T16:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nscsi: lpfc: Fix buffer free/clear order in deferred receive path\n\nFix a use-after-free window by correcting the buffer release sequence in\nthe deferred receive path. The code freed the RQ buffer first and only\nthen cleared the context pointer under the lock. Concurrent paths (e.g.,\nABTS and the repost path) also inspect and release the same pointer under\nthe lock, so the old order could lead to double-free/UAF.\n\nNote that the repost path already uses the correct pattern: detach the\npointer under the lock, then free it after dropping the lock. The\ndeferred path should do the same.",
"id": "GHSA-j8p6-qx4r-877v",
"modified": "2026-05-12T15:31:09Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-089022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/367cb5ffd8a8a4c85dc89f55e7fa7cc191425b11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/55658c7501467ca9ef3bd4453dd920010db8bc13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/897f64b01c1249ac730329b83f4f40bab71e86c7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/95b63d15fce5c54a73bbf195e1aacb5a75b128e2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9dba9a45c348e8460da97c450cddf70b2056deb3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab34084f42ee06a9028d67c78feafb911d33d111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baa39f6ad79d372a6ce0aa639fbb2f1578479f57"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d96cc9a1b57725930c60b607423759d563b4d900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.