Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-693

Discouraged

Protection Mechanism Failure

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft

The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.

1249 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-59207 (GCVE-0-2026-59207)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 15:16 – Updated: 2026-07-09 15:51

Title

n8n: "Allowed HTTP Request Domains" Restriction Bypass via AI Agents MCP Connector

Summary

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 2.27.4 and 2.28.1, the AI Agents feature did not enforce the Allowed HTTP Request Domains restriction configured on credentials when an MCP tool was pointed at an arbitrary URL, allowing a member-level user with use-only access to a shared credential to send its secret to an external server they control. This issue is fixed in versions 2.27.4 and 2.28.1.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-09 15:51 UTC

CWE

CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%402.27.4	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%402.28.1	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
n8n-io	n8n	Affected: >= 2.28.0, < 2.28.1 Affected: < 2.27.4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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CVE-2026-58052 (GCVE-0-2026-58052)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-28 01:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 20:48

Title

7-Zip - Mark-of-the-Web Bypass via RAR5 Alternate Data Stream Name Collision

Summary

7-Zip for Windows through 26.01 fails to preserve the Mark-of-the-Web when extracting a crafted RAR5 archive, because its guard that suppresses an archive-supplied Zone.Identifier stream matches the exact name 'Zone.Identifier' while a RAR5 STM record named ':Zone.Identifier:$DATA' is not matched and NTFS canonicalizes it to the same stream, overwriting the propagated Internet-zone marker with ZoneId=0. A second STM record named '::$DATA' overwrites the extracted file's default data stream, letting an attacker defeat SmartScreen/MotW warnings and spoof file content.

Severity

3.3 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

4.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-29 14:48 UTC

CWE

CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/bikini/exploitarium/tree/main/…	exploitthird-party-advisory
https://github.com/ip7z/7zip	product
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/7-zip-mark-o…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
7-Zip	7-Zip	Affected: 0 , ≤ 26.01 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:7-zip:7-zip::::::::

Date Public

2026-06-23 00:00

Credits

ashdfrkl

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-57138 (GCVE-0-2026-57138)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 10:22 – Updated: 2026-09-17 14:13

Title

PraisonAI codeMode sandbox escape via Function constructor

Summary

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.4.0 until 1.7.2, codeMode in src/praisonai-ts/src/tools/builtins/code-mode.ts executes untrusted JavaScript with new Function() inside with(sandbox) and relies on a small source-code blocklist plus shadowed process and require properties. Code can use ({}).constructor.constructor to recover the real Function constructor, obtain process and process.mainModule.require, and reach host filesystem and subprocess APIs despite the advertised sandbox. Attackers who control codeMode input can read secrets, modify files, execute commands, or exhaust the host process. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.2.

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-17 14:12 UTC

CWE

CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MervinPraison	PraisonAI	Affected: >= 1.4.0, < 1.7.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-57137 (GCVE-0-2026-57137)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 10:20 – Updated: 2026-09-15 12:46

Title

PraisonAI AgentLoop onToolCall approval runs after tool execution

Summary

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.4.0 until 1.7.2, createAgentLoop() in src/praisonai-ts/src/ai/agent-loop.ts passes executable tools to generateText() before invoking the onToolCall approval callback. Because the wrapped AI SDK executes tool handlers during generation, a callback that returns false records tool_rejected only after the denied tool has already produced side effects and populated toolResults. Applications using onToolCall as a human or policy approval boundary can therefore execute rejected file, command, API, or data-modifying operations. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.2.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-15 12:44 UTC

CWE

CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MervinPraison	PraisonAI	Affected: >= 1.4.0, < 1.7.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-57136 (GCVE-0-2026-57136)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 10:21 – Updated: 2026-09-15 12:40

Title

PraisonAI SandboxExecutor allowedCommands bypass via shell chaining

Summary

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.2.3 until 1.7.2, CommandValidator in src/praisonai-ts/src/cli/features/sandbox-executor.ts validates only the first whitespace-delimited executable against allowedCommands, then SandboxExecutor passes the complete command string to sh -c. A command beginning with an allowed executable can append a non-allowlisted command through shell metacharacters, causing arbitrary commands to run with the PraisonAI process privileges. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.2.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-15 12:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MervinPraison	PraisonAI	Affected: >= 1.2.3, < 1.7.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-57135 (GCVE-0-2026-57135)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 10:23 – Updated: 2026-09-15 12:43

Title

PraisonAI SandboxExecutor network-isolated mode does not block non-proxy-aware network clients

Summary

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.2.3 until 1.7.2, SandboxExecutor network-isolated mode in src/praisonai-ts/src/cli/features/sandbox-executor.ts uses buildEnv() only to inject invalid http_proxy and https_proxy environment variables and does not establish an operating-system network boundary. Programs that ignore those proxy variables can open sockets directly, allowing supposedly isolated commands to reach localhost, internal services, cloud metadata, or external hosts and potentially exfiltrate data. An initial remediation was released in version 1.7.2.

Severity

7.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-15 12:43 UTC

CWE

CWE-653 - Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MervinPraison	PraisonAI	Affected: >= 1.2.3, < 1.7.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-57133 (GCVE-0-2026-57133)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 10:24 – Updated: 2026-09-16 17:44

Title

PraisonAI utility shell safe-command wrapper allowlist bypass via shell chaining

Summary

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.5.1 until 1.7.2, the shell() helper exported from src/praisonai-ts/src/tools/utility-tools.ts checks only the first whitespace-delimited token against safeCommands and then passes the complete original string to child_process.exec(). A string that starts with an allowed read-only command can append a second non-allowlisted command through shell syntax, allowing arbitrary command execution with the PraisonAI process privileges. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.2.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-16 17:43 UTC

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MervinPraison	PraisonAI	Affected: >= 1.5.1, < 1.7.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-57120 (GCVE-0-2026-57120)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 14:48 – Updated: 2026-09-16 15:07

Title

PraisonAI: execute_code sandbox bypass: str.format C-level attribute access reads every blocklisted dunder

Summary

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonaiagents 1.6.59, execute_code sandbox mode permits runtime assembly of blocklisted dunder names and allows str.format or str.format_map to resolve dotted fields through C-level attribute access that bypasses _safe_getattr. This exposes class, qualified-name, base-class, globals, and object-dictionary attributes to prompt-influenced code when approval is automatically granted, producing a high-impact read primitive without establishing a complete in-process execution chain. This issue is fixed in praisonaiagents 1.6.59.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-16 15:06 UTC

CWE

CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MervinPraison	praisonaiagents	Affected: < 1.6.59

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-56585 (GCVE-0-2026-56585)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-21 14:46 – Updated: 2026-07-22 18:27

Title

HCL IEM was affected with the Anti Clickjacking XFrame Options Header Missing

Summary

HCL IEM was affected with the Anti Clickjacking XFrame Options Header Missing. It may allow attackers to embed the application in malicious pages and induce unauthorized user actions.

Severity

3.1 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-22 18:13 UTC

CWE

CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure

Assigner

HCL mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_articl…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
HCLSoftware	IntelliOps Event Management	Affected: 1.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-56087 (GCVE-0-2026-56087)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 17:28 – Updated: 2026-07-15 19:30

Summary

Dell ThinOS 10, versions prior to 2605_10.2100 contain a Protection Mechanism Failure vulnerability. An attacker with physical access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to unauthorized access to encrypted data.

Severity

6.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-15 19:30 UTC

CWE

CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure

Assigner

dell mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00048964…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Dell	ThinOS 10	Affected: 0 , < 2605_10.2100 (semver)

Credits

Dell Technologies would like to thank Darren McDonald at AmberWolf for reporting this issue

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing

Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.

CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing

An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language

The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization

An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.

CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry

SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.

CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)

An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.

CAPEC-74: Manipulating State

The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.

State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.

If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.

CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing

An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.

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